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ИHОСТРАHHЫЕ ЯЗЫКИ

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Stretching 1,244 km (773 mi) from east to west and 1,289 km
(801 mi) from north to south, Texas, the Lone Star State, occupies
almost 7.5 percent of the total U.S. land area-a region as large
as all of New England, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, andnois combined. By 1994 Texas had grown to become the second most populous
U.S. state, moving ahead of New York and following California. It
derives its name from the Spanish and Indian words tejas and techas, meaning "friends" or "allies."
Texas shows the influence of both the Indians and the Spanish, French, and other European explorers and missionaries. In
1820, Moses and Stephen F. Austin started the Anglo-American colonization that culminated in the organization of a provisional govern ment at San Felipe on Nov. 3, 1835, and in independence from
Mexico on Mar. 2, 1836. After almost ten years as an independent
republic, Texas became a U.S. state on Dec. 29, 1845.
The modern economic development of Texas started in January
1901 with the eruption of an oil well drilled at Spindletop, near
Beaumont. The rapid discovery of oil in other parts of the state
led to a boom that has never really stopped. The economy of Tex as
has become highly diversified, and its population has more than quintupled during the 20th century.
LAND AND RESOURCES
Topography and Soils
Four major physiographic subdivisions of North America are
found in Texas: the Gulf Coastal Plain in the east and southeast,
the North Central Plains running north to southeastward in the center of the state, the Great High Plains in the northwest, and t he
Trans-Pecos Mountains to the extreme west and southwest. The topography of Texas rises gradually from east to west, reaching its highest point in Guadalupe Peak (2,667 m/8,749 ft) in the Trans-Pecos.
The Gulf Coastal Plain, extending about 80 to 100 km (50 to
60 mi) inland from the Gulf of Mexico, from sea level to an altitude of about 150 m (500 ft), has a rolling to hilly surface. Its
western part consists o

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