                 ...

                        











                                

                  ᯥ樠쭮 "᪠ ୥⨪"

                                    ⥬
                     "    "







                                  믮:
                                  㤥 4   ⤥
                                  䠪 "᪠ ୥⨪"
                                  442 㯯
                                    ஢


                                   㪮⥫:
                                  p  p





                                 - 1995
.
                                  

    1. ........................................................3

    2.  ⠪     ࠡ⠥...............................5

    3. 㭠p ⠭p .................................7

    4.   ।⢮ 饭  ࠬ..................10
        4.1. 㣨...................................................11
            4.1.1. p 䠩....................................11
            4.1.2. p ᪨ .......................11
            4.1.3. p ..................................12

    5. ᪨ ..............................................17
        5.1. ୠ  "" ("GLASNET")..................18
        5.2.   ("IASNET")...................................20
        5.3.  ஭  "" ("Iterlink")..........22
        5.4. ୠ ଠ樮  "" ("Infonet")...25
        5.5. ୠ  "COMPNET"..............................26
        5.6. ॣ쭠 ⥫㭨樮  ᪮
             ଠ樨 ().......................................27
        5.7. 㭠த ஭ 㦡 裡  
             MaxLink..................................................29
        5.8.   (Relcom).....................................30
        5.9.  SprintNet...........................................33
        5.10.  ⥪..............................................36
        5.11.  "SET Bliz" (⥬ ஭ ࣮)..........38
        5.12. ⥬ ଠ樨  裡  ᮢ᪮ 
              SEDAB...................................................39

    6. ⢥ .............................................40
        6.1. ...............................................40
        6.2.  ᪮.........................................41
        6.3.  ஬.........................................41
        6.4.  ..............................................42
        6.5.  "७"............................................42
        6.6.  ..............................................43
        6.7.  "-2"........................................44

    7. ᪨ FTN-ᮢ⨬ p ...............45
        7.1. FidoNet..................................................45

    8. 祭.....................................................48
    9. p.....................................................49
    10. ᮪ pp.............................................52
.
                                    - 3 -

                                 1. 

            쥧  祫, ᨮ ணࠬ-
          ⥬   ।⠢ ᥡ 業
        ࠡ  ᯮ짮 ⠪ 魮,  ⨢  㤮-
         ⠭  筠 ⥫䮭 ,      -
        ୠ  .      ६    ⠢騥 ᥣ
         孨᪠ ஭  ࣠樨 ଠ樮 -
          짮⥫ﬨ, ୠ  -   -
         ,  ꥤ ࠧ஧ ⥫ ஢ 
        , ⥬⨧  ࠢ 堮᪨ ।-
        묨 ॡﬨ   ᠬ    ஬  ଠ樮
        㦨,  ⠫쭮  ࠡ⪮ ᪨ ।-
        , 㣠 筮 䥤樠쭮 ९᪨  ..  ..
           ,   ᫮ ⭮    -
        ଠ樮 ⮪,  㦥 ࠪ᪨    ࠧ
        ⪮ ⢨ ᪨ ,  ࣮  ।-
        ᪨ , 㤠⢥ ०  㣨 ࣠権
         ᮢ६ ᫨⥫쭮 孨   ⥩. 
        ⨢ 砥 諮  ᮤঠ ᪨    -
        稪  㬠 㬥⮢  ஢,  祬  
         㭪樮஢ ⠪ ⥬  ࠢ 뫠  -
        ⥫쭮   ।⠢塞    묨
        ﬨ.     প  뫪    -
        ଠ樮 ᮮ饭  뫨  쬠 ⨬ -
            .

             ᫨ ⥬ ஭ 㭨権.  
        ன⢮     㢫⥫,    ᥣ,
        ᯮ ᫥  ⥭   ⥫㭨権, 㦥 
           室,     ଠ樮   ⮪,
        ஭  ,  ஭ ,  ஭ -
        筨, ஭ ᮪    㣮. -
         祭    ଠ樥    㦥
        ᥣ 㤭 ८業,   ,     ,  
         ᥡ  ࠧ.  ஭ 쬮,  ᫠ 
        ஭      ,    -
         ,  祬    .     -
          ४  ⥬  ⥫७樨  襩  
        ஭    ଠ १ ⪨ 㧭  
        ( ᫨,  筮,  ⮣ 祭  ).  ।⢮ 
        , ਬ,    ᪢    ࢥ 
        -થ  ࠡ  ଠ樮묨  ,  
.
                                    - 4 -

         ᮤন.  ,    ᫠ 䠪.   ᥣ 
         ᮫ ப᪠       -
        ⨢ 祭     ।  ଠ樨    ᯮ짮
          裡 ,  ᫥⢨, .
.
                                    - 5 -

                     2.       

             ᯮ   ଠ樥   -
        䮭  ,  室 ன⢮,  ஥  ਭ
        ᨣ  ⥫䮭   ८ࠧ    ஢  -
        ଠ.    室 ⮣ ன⢠ ଠ ࣠
        樨,    室 樨,      .
        祭   砥   ᨣ,  㯠饣
          ( ⠭ 㫥   ), ᪨ ᨣ-
          ⮩,  ᮮ⢥饩 ࠡ祬  ⥫䮭-
         .  ᪨  ⮩    ࠧ  
           ᮪ .     ਬ-
          । ,    ᮪    -  
        ਥ. ᯮ  ᯮᮡ ஢ ଠ樨, -
         묨     ⮤  FSK  (  Frequency
        Shift Keying )  ᪮ ।  300  (  - -
         ᪮ । ଠ樨,  ࠢ 1 / )  ⮤ PSK
        (  Phase  Shift  Keying  )   p , ᪮p
        p  2400 .
           FSK ᯮ p 뤥 .  p p -
        p樨 ᨣ ⮩ 1070  ppp  -
         ,   ᨣ ⮩ 1270  -  ᪠ .
        p p  ᮮ⢥ ᨣ 2025  ,      -
        2225 .
           PSK ᯮ  :   p  - 2400 ,
         p - 1200 .   p   , p ⮬
        p ⢫ p⢮ ᤢ 䠧 ᨣ.  -
         ᫥騥 ᤢ 䠧  p: 0 pᮢ 
        ⠭ ⮢ 00,  90 pᮢ  01,  180 pᮢ  10,
        270 pᮢ  11.
            ⠪  㣨  樨 (DPSK, QAM, TCM).
            믮    譥 p⢠,  p
         室 ᮥ  ⥫䮭 ,    p㣨  
        ⠭p⭮ COM-p p ( pꥬ RS232  p-
         CCITT V.24 ),     몭  ⭮  ,
        p  ⠭   設 p.  p
        p    pᯮᮡ   筮  ISA,
        ⠪   PCI 設.
           pp   - ,   p,  ᯥ樠p
        pp ⨯  SC1107    SC1108,   ᮤp騩   -
        pp來 ,    8 ,  128 , ⠩p, -
         pp,  pp pp뢠,  ⥪, p /뢮.
        ᫨   pᮥ  ⥬ 設 ,   p-
.
                                    - 6 -

         "p" pp SC1107. ᫨   p-
          p p⢮ RS232,   ᯮ "᫥-
        ⥫" pp  SC1108.    p p p
        pp 믮 pp 8031    譨    (i2732,
        2764)  p奬 74LS373.
.
                                    - 7 -

                      3. HH H 

           H襥 ppp    稫    ⠪    뢠
        HAYES-ᮢ⨬ ,    p-p⥫ 
         p .    ᯮ  AT-  (  
        ᪮ ᫮ ATtention ), ᮢ⨬  Hayes Smartmodem.
        p ⠭p⭮   Hayes-ᮢ⨬    p
          p⥫  ⤥쭮 p 짮-
        ⥫ p ᯥp ᯥ᪨ ,   ᨫ  
         ⮩ p (pp,  USRobotics,  Rockwell,  ZyXEL 
        ..).
           p ᮢ⨬  p    ᮮ⢥-
        ⢮  - ⠭p p p樨  ⥫䮭-
         .   ⠭p⠬  p樨   (
        㭠p  ⨢   ⥫p䨨  ⥫-
        ,   p.  CCITT  (   Comite   Consultatie    International
        Telegraphique  et  Telephonique ) .      
         ⠭p Bell,  ⢥ ⫨稥 p  
        CCITT  ᪮.
           H,   ⠡.1  p   ppp ⠭-
        p  .
           , ᮮ⢥騥  ⠭p⠬    ᪮p   2400
        ,  ᢮   p樥.    ⬥-
        ,   p  CCITT  V.32    ⠭p⮬ 
         ᫥ ⮣ ᫮,  ᪮쪮 p᪨  p-
         p⥫  ᪮p  2400   p-
         ⥫쭮 p    ᪮쪨  ᯥ-
        ᪨ p⮪  p .   ᯮ짮 
        ⮫쪮 p 裡  , p祬 p ⮬ ⨣-
        ,  p,   ᮪ ᪮p p, -
        ⮩稢  p ᮥ.
           H ppp  襢 ( 祬  騬
        ᯥ宬  p⥭ 짮⥫ )  p⮪ HST (
        High  Speed Transfer ),  pp⠭ p USRobotics  
         80- .   p ⮣ p⮪  :
        H96,  H14, H16, H19, H21, H28, p稥 p ⮨  
        ᪮p p p樨, p ᮮ⢥⢥ ⠢-
         9600, 14400, 16800, 19200, 21600  28800 . p -
        襢, p  p樨  ᮪ -
        ⮩稢    ᪮p    p⮪  HST 짮⥫
        p pp p     USRobotics,
        ⠪  Sportster, Worldport, Courier.
.
                                    - 8 -

           p ppp 稫 ⠪  p  ZyXEL,
        騥  ᯥ᪨ p⮪  ZYX,  騬 
        p   ᪮p 19200   㯫ᮬ. -
          p    ZyXEL pp  砫 90- 
        ᪫⥫쭮 - 㯭  ⢥ 㯠-
         p㣨 p .   ⮪ - ᮪ 業,
        㣨 p p p⥫.  H,  ᬮp    ,
        ᪨  pp  㤠p⢥ p,  室 
        ᫮襩 p樨, p   ⮩ p.
            ppp, 쬠 p,  騥 ᨫ
          ⮩稢  ᨣ,  ᯮᮡ pp  
        䨫p,  ⠢騥     ᯫ⭮ 짮-
          .      p Telebit p TrailBlazer 
         p⮪ PEP (Packet Ensemble Protocol).
           ࠪ᪨  ᮪᪮  ᮢ⨬   
        묨 ⠭⠬.
.
                                    - 9 -

            1.  ⠭p CCITT  Bell  p  p樨
                        ⥫䮭 .
        Ŀ
         ⮪    Bit rate  Baud rate        
                     (+/-0.01%)(+/-0.01%)                
                     bps       baud                  Hz         
        Ĵ
         V.34        28,800    2400      --------   ----        
         V.33        14,400    2400      128-TCM    1800        
         V.33        12,000    2400      64-TCM     1800        
         V.42bis     14,400    2400      --------   1800        
         V.32bis     14,400    2400      128-TCM    1800        
         V.32bis     12,000    2400      64-TCM     1800        
         V.32bis     9,600     2400      32-TCM     1800        
         V.32bis     7,200     2400      16-TCM     1800        
         V.32        9,600     2400      32-TCM     1800        
         V.32 uncode 9,600     2400      16-QAM     1800        
         V.32        4,800     2400      4-DPSK     1800        
         V.29        9,600     2400      16-QAM     1700        
         V.29        7,200     2400      8-QAM      1700        
         V.29        4,800     2400      4-DPSK     1700        
         V.27ter     4,800     1600      8-PSK      1800        
         (Bell 208B)                                            
         V.27ter     2,400     1200      4-DPSK     1800        
         V.26bis     2,400     1200      ------     ----        
         (Bell 201)                                             
         V.23bis     -----     1200      ------     ----        
         V.23        -----     600       ------     ----        
         (Bell 202)                                             
         V.22bis     2,400     600       16-QAM     1200  Orig. 
                                                    2400  Ans.  
         V.22        1,200     600       4-DPSK     1200  Orig. 
         (Bell 212A)                                2400  Ans.  
         V.21                                       2025/2225   
         (Bell 103)  -----     300       FSK        1070/1270   
                    Ĵ
         G3 Fax       ᮮ⢥⢨  ⠭⠬                 
                     T.30, V.17, V.29 and V.27ter.                 
        
.
                                    - 10 -

                4.      

           ᫨    ࠡ     祫,  
          㦥   ᯮ짮    -
         ଠ樥   㣮.    設,  묨
          ६  ⪨,     ⭨ 祫,  
        ⮣ ।ᬮ७ ᯥ樠 ணࠬ, 騥 짮-
        ⥫  ।  ᮮ饭  ,    -
         짮⥫    ⥬.
           ⮨    ⮬,    ⮫쪮   -
         ꥤ ᪮쪮 設  ,  짮⥫ 墠-
             ⮫쪮  ⮣, ⮡ ᯮ짮
         㤠 設,    ⮡   ᢮ -
        饭.   p pp,  讣  p    p
        p祭 ⭮  ᮧ 筮 쭮 -
           ⠭p⮢ Ethernet   Arcnet      ꥤ
        ।⢮ ⠭ .  H  p 室  ᮥ-
         p,  室  pﭨ    
        p p  p㣠,   ⠥  p㬭
        p:  祬   ᯮ짮 ⠪ p  pp
        p⢮ 㭨樨,   ⥫䮭 ?    
         ᥪp,     p  pאַ ᫥ ᫮ "⠭"
        ﬨ  ⥫䮭  .  H祭      -
        p ᨣ p .   ⮣  p-
            筮 p⢮ 樨/樨,  -
        p   p p    ᨣ  p
        .  p ⠪ p⢮ 뫮 p⠢ pp-
        稪  ⠭p⨧   1964 .
           ࠫ쭮   묨  ⥭ﬨ 砫 室 
        ᢥ  ணࠬ ࠧࠡ⪨, ᯥ稢騥 㤮, -
            ⮩   楯窥 --祫.  
        ணࠬ,  ।祭   ᮮ饭ﬨ 짮-
        ,  室  ࠧ 設. - ࠧࠧ -
        ஢,  樮 ⥬, ᯮᮡ ᮥ 設  
         楫, ᫥㥬  ⮬ 쬨,  ணࠬ 
        筮     ᥣ ᮢ⨬  ᮡ. p-
        ᪨    pp ᯮᮡ ᮧ  "-
        "   p  뫮  ᮧ p .
            ࠧ   諨  ,   ᫥
        । ,   ࠩ ,   ᭮ 㣨,
         ।⠢  ਮ⥭ .
                                                                      .
                                    - 11 -

                                 4.1. 

                            4.1.1.  

           ᫨  ⨬ ⨢ । - 䠩 襬 -
          㤭  ⮪,     㯨  
        ᯮᮡ.  -  ।    䠩  ᪥,
        㯨   ᠬ,       -
           ᪥  ⠪- .   - ࠧ㬭 
        ਮ  ન COURIER  USRobotics    ⠭
        ,  ᯮ    ਫ筮 ०
        ⥫䮭 , ।  室  ⮪ -
        ଠ.  ⮣,  ⥫䮭 , 室 
        , ⠪  騩      ਫ筮   ०,
          ⥩ 㭨樮 ணࠬ.


                     4.1.2. HH  H

           ,    㣠,  ⮨  ᯮ짮  
            ⠪  뢠  ஭ ᮪ 
        (Bulletin Board  System,    쭥襬  BBS).  ᪨  
        ।⠢ ᮡ 筮  ,   ࠢ IBM-ᮢ-
        ⨬,    486  Pentium     ᯥ樠
        ணࠬ ᯥ祭 ( Maximus,  Remote Access,  PCBoard 
        p. ),   १  祭  筮 ⥫䮭 -
        .  BBS ᮤp 讥 ⢮  (   祭
        )  pp p⮢ ᠬ p p ᪨
        p  ⥬⨪.    ⥬  p on-line,  
             ᯨ᪮ p 䠩  "p-
        "  ᢮ p  pᮢ襥 .  ⮣
          BBS 㯭 ppp 筮  㡫筮 p᪨ 
        짮⥫ﬨ  ⠭樨.   p   p
          p p,    p᪥ ,  p檨
         ᫠,  ⠪  ᭥      p.
        ᥬ  p,   pp    -
         ⥬ pp (  쭥襬 Ꭿ )   -
        襣 㯠  BBS.
           p樯 "  -  ⥡" 室 p p  -
        ⥬ p ᮪ .   ppp
        짮⥫ 砥  p  p祭  Ꭿ  
        p p  p樨 ᢮ p  . ⮣
         뢠 筮   ⮣, ⮡ p C᮪
        㯭   BBS 䠩 ( Filelist ). 짮⥫ -
.
                                    - 12 -

         楫p p p Ꭿ,  p
          p᭮  p ,  p    -
        pᮢ,   ᫥ ,  ᯫ,  ⠪
           㣮 .  ᫥ ⢨ -
         ⢥      ⨥  p 㯠 ( Access
        Level ) 짮⥫   BBS.
           室  䠪 ⢮ p ᮪ ,
         p    ⮪  㯨 p -
        : ,     BBS    p⥫    ᪢  
        ppp 짮⥫      p 
        室  ⥬,   ⠢ 室 䠩   ppp
        p㧪 짮⥫.  ᢮ p, ᪢,  㤮 
         p, 筮    BBS  p p
         ⮪᪨ ⮢p饬 ( p㤭 ) 䠩.
            ⢮ 䨪権 㧫  BBS.    뢠
        ⥫᪨  pᨮ묨,  p᪨  ᯫ-
        묨, 24-ᮢ묨     p祭  p  p  (  
        p ,      ᮢ ⥫䮭 ),  p-
        筮 ᮢ⨬ 樨 p (TTY, ANSI-BBS, VT102,
        VT52, AVATAR, ANSI)  p⭮ p.
            pᨮ BBS ⭮  p㯭  ⥢  pp
         Elvis, Izhma, Kiae, Simte, Chci  p.    Relcom,
         ⠪ 訥 p᪮-p  ⠭樨.    
        ⫨ - p⠢ 㯠   ,  24--
        ᮢ p䨪 p, 让 롮p p , p-
         稢 Ꭿ  ..
               ᨬ,  p  p,  , 
        ᨬ  p⮣  BBS ⠭p 樨  p,
        p ᮫⭮ -p.  p拉 p᫥ 
        ⠭p⮢ 襥   ppp   稫   ANSI    
        ANSI-BBS, p,  p樯,  ᮢp襭 ⥫
        ⫨   饬 ᮢ⨬.


                           4.1.3. HH 

           p,  p᭠  㤮 㣠 -  p
        .   㭨pᠫ쭮 p⢮ p -
        .    p뫠 ᮮ饭  (䠩,  p)
        p᪨    設  ,  ⠪  設⢮ -
         ,  p  p  ⥬,    p.
        p   -    쭠  p ᮮ饭,
          ꥤ p ᠬ p 䨣p権
.
                                    - 13 -

         ᮢ⨬⥩.    묨   ⫨⥫묨   ᮡﬨ
        p   BBS :

           -   p  p  짮⥫,      
             p   饭, p  ᪠.
             筮,  BBS ꥤ  p祭 p ᢮
             짮⥫ ( । 300),    墠
             ⪨  ⭨  p  ᥬ p!
           - p  p off-line,   p ﭭ
             p⢨  ⮢ 㧫 Ꭿ. 筮  㪠-
              ᯥ樠쭮 pp-⮢ (Mailer) p -
             ⥬ ᮡ⨩  p,  ᫥ p , 
             ⠫쭮 p ⮬᪨!
           -   ⥫p (Echo Conference)
           -   䠩 ⥫p (File Echo Conference)
           - p  p㣨 

           ,  p, ⮨  ᪮쪨 ⮢, ᯥ-
        稢  p⨢     p樥  
        p   .  訩  p  ⠢  p
        Hub-㧫 (. Hub - 業p  p) (筮 p--
        p   pp).  ⥬  ᫥ p,  p 
        .. Hub-㧫. ᫮ p  ⢠ Hub-㧫, p-
         pp   p⮩ pp .   ⥢ "-
        ", 筮 騩  ᮢp p,  p
        p㣫筮.     Hub-㧫  pp  Non Hub-㧫
        (Node), p騥  ⠭ p  (ZMH  -  Zone  Mail
        Hour) .   Node,      ᢮  p,    ⠪  
        Point-⠭樨, 騥  ᠬ      㯥   ⥢
        pp娨. ,    p  ⠭ 砥  뢥
         (Uplink),   p ⤠ - 㭫 (Downlink).
        ppp㥬 p 奬  p1.

           .1 奬 ⥢ pp娨   pﬨ Hub-㧫

 Points  Points  Points  Points            Points  Points Points  Points
                                                        
  Node1   Node2   Node3   Node4             Node5   Node6  Node7   Node8
                                                              
   2-Level Hub 1  2-Level Hub 2              2-Level Hub 3  2-Level Hub 4
                                                                
  Node9    1-Level Hub 1  1-Level Hub 2 Node10
                                                                 
 Points  Points   1-Level Hub 3       Points
                            Ŀ
          2-Level Hub 5         2-Level Hub 6       2-Level Hub 7  Points
                                                          
         Node11    Node12      Node13    Node14    Node15    Node16
                                                      
         Points    Points      Points    Points    Points    Points
.
                                    - 14 -

             ,  Hub-㧫 ⫨  Node    ⥬,  
           ⢥  㭫   ⮫쪮 ⠭樨 Points,   
        Node.   p 堡,  ⥬,   p,   
        㭫   Point    Node,  ⠪  ᭮ p㧪
        p 㧫   Hub-㧫  p.
           p pp 筮 p  p -
        筮 ⮩  ⭮  ⭮  (pp,  p).
          ⮩  ⠪ ⭮ﬨ p室 p  
         Hub-㧫 (p  ,    
         饭  p㣨 , ﬨ, p).
            ,  p 奬 쭮 p饭 
        p⠢ ᮡ pp  p⨭  pp⨧樨    
        FTN-ᮢ⨬ ,  p 㤥 p᪠ .

           p樨     p⢮  饭  
        童 .    p pᬠp   ᪮
         (Echo Conference),   p⨢ ᫥ 砥:
            㧫 㪭㫮 -  ⠫ ⮧.  ⨬,
        50%  ⭨  ᨫ쭮 ᯮ p ⢠ p-
           .  㦤 ⮩ ⥬ ᮧ ⠪ -
        뢠 p,    ᠢ訩     
        㡫筮  ᪠  ᢮  ,  ᮢ⮢ p饬,
        pp 㦤饣,  p祬  ᫨ 㢨  -
        騥  p.    ⥫p樨  
        宦       ᯫ  -
        ,  ⮫쪮    ⮩  p楩,    ⥫p  
        p⨢  ⠢ p樨     㦭  室  
        ⮢  騪.  ୠ  ७    
        ⥬,   㧭   ⮢,   䨫쬠, -
        १    祭  㤮 ࠭ ଠ  祭
        訡  ணࠬ   ᯮᮡ  ࠢ,   -
            ⥫      ⥬  ᢮
        諥   㣮 ,  ,  筮 ,  
         ᨩ.    ७樨  㦤 -
         ⥬  ⠪ , ᮡ    -
          筮 ᥤ ⮨  襭   ।᪠㥬
         ६  ᨫ.  ᮪  㯯  -
        쪮  ࠭.      㯯  ᯥ樠⮢ 
        ॢ᪮    ⥫ ப-모,    -
        㦤 ᥪ    㫨묨 楯⠬,  
        ࠢ 騭  㯯, 饭 ࠧ  ࠬ.
            p室 筮 p.    p
        ᯨ᮪ pp襭  㯭 ⥫p権 (Backbone), -
.
                                    - 15 -

        p 易⥫쭮 p   Hub-㧫    p-
        . Hub-㧫    p   Node-㧫,   ᨬ 
        p塞 p    ⥫p樨    -
             祭.    p ⠭ 
          p樨  㭫 ⠪ 㧫.  H  p  
        쬠 宦     ⭮   襬 -
         裡?  쪮   p ⮢ 騪 誨
         ᬮ 믠 p ᭥,  諥 -  p
        ,  p ᥤ - .

            ⥫p樨 ⫨       ⥬,
          ⢥ ᮮ饭     쬠,   䠩.
        Hpp, ᮧ 䠩 ⥫p,  饭 -
        몥,     䠩 (, pp, ⥪-
        )   ᠭ  p .

            p   楫 p p㣨 -
        ⥩,  p⠢塞 童 .   ᫠   
        뫪    p  䠪.  ⠢  筮 p
        쬮,  p  p,   뫠    p
        p  㧫,  饣  䠪ᨬ묨 pﬨ.
         ⮣ 쬠   䠪 㤥 ⠢   䠪ᨬ-
         p p.
             p  p   p⨪  㣠
            짮⥫    p   ,  
        p 뫮 饭  p拉 ⢥  ⥩.    
           p  p᫥ p樮 p,  
        㦥   ⢥  pᨮ   ⢥
        pp pp⪨, 騥 p  㤮 ᯮ짮-
         .     ( ⮬⨧p ⥬,
        .᪢)     ᯮ    -
         㪠,    ᪠   娬᪨  p㫠
        p , ᪠ 䨧᪨ pp, ᪠  -
         p.  p⠢  祭 p-
        樨   p㡥 p,  pp⨨.   p-
        p    樭,  ᥫ᪮ 宧, p-
        ᪨    (pp⨢  쭮⥪),  pᮢ
        p⠬,  p⠬, ᬮ, ⨪, ᯮp  ..
               pᯥ⨢  p  ᯮ짮
          裡   p ⥩  p
        p.  쬠     p    ᪠  
        p⭥p, ⠢騪 ⮢p/p, 㯠⥫ p樨  p.
.
                                    - 16 -

          ⮨  p祭  p p p
            襣   ᫠   ⥭樠  짮⥫  
        pp⪠  室饣  㤮 pp  -
        祭.
            ᫥ ,      p  砫
        p᪮  ppp        
        p ⥩.     ⥯p  p -
        ,  p ,  ⪨   ⠥ -
            p: "᫥ p ...  -
          pp ...   ... ". p祬 p ⨩ "..."
          楬 ⠭  p  p.

           p p  p ⥩ p 
        p  pp樨 ,   p p,  ᮥ  
        p   ᮮ饭ﬨ.    ࠧ ᯮᮡ
        ᮥ 設   㣮, ᪮,  ன ।-
          ᮮ饭,  ⥬,   ன 設  ,  
        ᮣ襭ﬨ  ⮬,      ᮮ饭 (-
        , ᨬ ࠧ 쬠,  ਭ ஭
        ,      訬  묨 㪢). 
        ⮣,  ⮡ ᫠ ᮮ饭  設,  祭  
        ,  設  㣮 , 㦭  ஬ -
        ,  祭   ,  १  ᮮ饭  .
         設 뢠  (Gate)  ⨬ ﬨ.  -
        ,     ﬨ   ᪮쪮  (-
        祬,      ᮢᥬ,   ⮣  ᮮ饭ﬨ ,
            १ ஬ ,   ன   
        ).  ਭ ᮮ饭   A, ९뢠  
        ,  ਭ   B,  ࠢ १  B   -
        設,  ன  ।祭.  ᮦ,  ⠪ -
        砥  ⭮   p 祭 p⮬ ᮮ饭,
        ,   p,  p    p⪨ p-
        ⮪,  짮 㣠 筮 "㬠" .
.
                                    - 17 -

                             5.  

           ⮢ 㦡   ࠧ 設 ।⠢ ᮮ饭 
        ࠧ ଠ,     ᮢ⨬.   ,
        設⢮ p᪨ ⥩  ᥬ      ଠ
        ᮮ饭,  뢠,    㬥,  ஬  -
        ᠭ,  RFC822 (Standart for the Format of  ARPA  Internet  Text
        Messages,  David H.  Crocker). ࢮ砫쭮  ⠭ 
        ࠧࠡ⠭   Internet,   ᥩ ਭ   -
         .  ⮬ 㤥  ᫮ p  , 
        ஬ 쬮  ࠪ᪨     .
           饭 ⮨  ⥪,    । -
        ,  ,  ਯ뢠  砫 ᮮ饭,
        ⤥  ⥪  ⮩  ப,    ᮤন  ᪮쪮
        祪 室 ଠ樨  ⮬ ᮮ饭:  ࠢ-
        , ,  , ⥬ ᮮ饭,  㣨.
            ஭  ⠪  p . -
        p p⥩訩 pp p:
 
                               avg@hq.demos.su
 
            ⮨   設   , ஥ ⤥-
          "@".    @ ⮨  ,  筥,  
        䠩-⮢  騪   設,   ண  ࠥ
        쬠. 筮 짮⥫ 뢠 ᢮ ⮢ 騪 ⥬ 
        ,     ॣ஢  ⥬.   ᥣ
          (ਬ,  den), 䠬 (zenkin),  樠 (avg,
            襬 砥).   ࠢ  @ 뢠  
        뢠 ⮭宦 ⮣ ⮢  騪  (設  
        ࣠).
            饬 p    p㯭  p᪨  -
        p ⥩  ᯮ짮 p  1992 .
.
                                    - 18 -

                 5.1. H  "" ("GLASNET")

           a. ᯫ 樠 짮⥫ ୮ 
        () "፥"

           b.  "፥"  ⢥ ꥤ  ࠦ-
           㤮 ⨢,  ᮧ  楫 ࠧ  -
        ⨧樨 ⥫㭨権  ᭮ ᮢ६ -
         孮.
           "፥"  童 樠樨 ணᨢ 㭨-
        権 ( - --,  -࠭᪮,  ),  ।⠢ 
        ᥡ  ଠ樮 ,  ꥤ  -
         :  PeaceNet & EcoNet (),  Alternex (ࠧ),  Web
        () Pegasus ()  PNS  ()  Comlink  (ଠ)
        GlasNet ()
            "፥"   ଠ樥  짮-
        ⥫ﬨ ᠬ ፥  㣨 ⥩,  室  --, 
        ⠪    짮⥫ﬨ    㣨  ⥩  १  
        --.
            :  Applelink,  AT&T LandMail,  Bitnet,  BIX,  CARINET,
        CGNET,  CIGnet,  CONNECT,  COSY,  CSnet,  DASNET, DEC (Digital
        Corp.)  DIALCOM,  eASYlINK,  ECONET,  EIES,  Envoy  100,  FAX,
        Fidonet,  Galaxy, gEOnET, GTE, HandsNet , IMS, INET, Internet,
        ISISHQ,  Janet,  MCI Mail,  MicroLink,  NWI,  PANDORA,  PINET,
        Portal,    Prairie,   PsychNet,   ScienceNet,   SI   (SYSTEMAS
        Industriales),  TCN,  Telecom Gold,  Telemail,  Telex,  TWICS,
        Tymnet/Ontyme, UNDP, UNDRO, UNICOMP UNISON, WELL.
            ᨨ: RELCOM
            ᯨ᮪  ⥩   ⥫  㤥 -
           㢥祭 ⥩  "፥".
            ⠭    ⮢.
             ஭  "፥"  ⢫  ⥬
        אַ  ⥫䮭   த: ᪢, -
        ⮪, -, ଠ, , .
           ᯥ⨢ ࠧ :
           - ᯥ祭 㯠   ;
           - ࣠  㦡 ጥ - ⮢ 裡   
        訬 :  祭 ஭ ᮮ饭    -
        稪 ।  筮 ⮩,  뫠 
        䠪,  ந 㢥  ⥫䮭 (㦥 -
         ᯥਬ⠫ ਠ); - ᯮ짮 ⮪ -
          .25 (  1992.).
.
                                    - 19 -

           c. ।⠢塞 㣨
           - 㭨樮: ஭ , ஭ -
        ७樨; 䠪; ⥫.
           - 樮:   祭   짮   ୮
        ; 祭 ࢨ 몠 ࠡ  ஬; 孨-
        ᪨ 樨;  樨  ᯮ짮 -
         .
           - 孨᪨: ⠭   ணࠬ ᯥ祭;
        ஢ .
           - ଠ樮: ଠ樨  饬 .
           - :  ࠧ饭 ४  ஭ ७
        "፥".

           d.   "፥"   ⥫㭨樮  
        ।  15-20% , 祬   RELCOM.
             㡫  ⮫쪮 ଠ, ࠢ 
        㡥.  室 ଠ,   ⠪  ଠ樥 
        ࠭   , ந .
.
                                    - 20 -

                        5.2.  "" ("IASNET")

           a.  ᯫ  ⮬⨧஢ ⥬  -
         (訩 ),  ॣ஢ 㭠த 
        裡 (ITU)  ⭠ ਧ ᯫ  -
         (RPOA).   稫  1991  裡  業-
          ।⠢    裡   ᯫ-
          .

           b.     -  ।   樥 -
        ⮢,  ।祭 ᯥ    ,   ⠪
        㬥⠫       ᨨ  㣨 㤠
          । 襣 , ⠪   㡥.
            裡 ७, 뤥 裡 .
            ⥪   ஢ , -
            ।    㭪樮  -
        ⥬ ࠢ, ᡮ ⨪, ⮢ ⮢  . .
        孨᪮ ᭮ ⥬ ।    㭨-
        樮 ,    㧫 樨 ⮢  -
         । ,     뤥  ⠭
        ⥫䮭    裡.    ॠ ⮪ .25,
        .3, .28, .29, .75 , ।騥 ࠢ 㭪樮-
          ⢨ ⥩  饣 짮.  
        ⮢   ந    ᮮ⢥⢨    ४樥
        .121 . 孨᪨ ।⢠  ࠧࠡ⠭  ᯮ짮-
         㡥   ய୮    Z-
        80. ।  ⢫     ᪮ﬨ
        2400 -4800 /.
           ஢ ୨    ᭮ ᯮ짮
        ⥫㭨樮 㤮    ALCATEL,    ᢮
         ७⭮ᯮᮡ  ⥫㭨樮 -
        㤮  Siemens.

           c.  祭  ,  ।⠢塞  짮⥫  
        , 室:
           - ஭  "᪨ "  ,  -
          ࠧ  ᮮ饭  ᪥ ,  ঠ
        ,  ॠᮢ ᮮ饭,    ⠬
        ஭ ,   ⠪  楬 㤮 -
        , 稢    ⠢;
           - ஭      RELCOM     । 襣
        , ⠪    ।;
.
                                    - 21 -

           - ⮬⨧஢  ࣠樮-筠 -
        ⥬ ⥫७権 ();
           - ⠢  ⤥ ࠬ ⮢ ⥢ -
        : ନ 業஢, 業஢ 樨 -
        ⮢,  業஢  ࠢ ,   ⠪ 樮 ண-
        ࠬ;
           - ࣠  㯠    ⮬⨧஢  
        ()   ᨨ, ⠪    ।.
.
                                    - 22 -

                   5.3.    ""

           a. "૨"  - ᮢ⭮ ᮢ⪮-ଠ᪮ ।-
        ⨥,  ०  1989 .   ।⠢  
          ।   ࣠樨 㯠  㭠த
         . ।⥫  ଠ᪮ ஭  ଠ
        PROFIN GmbH,  ᮢ᪮ -  ࠫ쭮 ᪮ -
         ⢠ 裡 (  裡).

           b.  ଠ᪮ ஭ ।⢥ ⭥஬  "-
        "   ।⠢  ⥫㭨権 
        ଠ GTCC - Geseelschaft TeleCommunication Consalting GmbH.
            ࣠樥     ଠ  ଠ GTC -
        Gultacker TeleCommunication (ࠧࠡ稪  ணࠬ-孨-
             ঠ⥫ ᪨ ࠢ  ணࠬ
        ᯥ祭  孨᪨ 襭 ).
           "૨"      ࣠樥    "-
        -GTS"  襬    ᭮ אַ  㤭⢠  
        GTC  ࠧࠡ稪  ஬   ࠭
        ᨨ ணࠬ ᯥ祭 ⥬ ஭ .
            "૨-GTC" ஥  ॣ쭮 ਭ樯.
            饥 ६  ⮨  10 㧫, ᯮ 
        , ᥬࣥ, ਨ  ᨨ.
            㧥 ন ᨬ묨 ﬨ  -
        , ࠧ騬  ஭  "૨-GTC".
            "㧫"  ਮ⠥      
         業  ⥢ ணࠬ ᯥ祭  室
        孨᪨ ।⢠.    ᮡ  -
          ।⠢   ।   -
        樮 ࢨ (, ⥫, 䠪, "on-line").

           c.  :

           - ஭ .
           ⠢   ⢫         "-
        -GTC", ⠪   㣨 ⥬ ஭ , ਬ,
         Internet.
                 ᮭ  ஭  ⮢
        騪,    ६ ਭ  200  ᮢ
         ᮮ饭. ப ⠢   ⥬   㧥
         -   20  ,    ࠪ᪨    
.
                                    - 23 -

        ஭    ᮮ饭    .
            ⥫ ࢨ:
           뢠 ⠢ ᥬ  ।  㧫 ;
           ⠢  । ६;
           ୮ ⥭  । ६;
           㢥  ਥ ᯮ⮬ ᮮ饭;
           ⢥  ⭮ ;
           ⮪ । 䠩 XMODEM  ZMODEM.

           - ᪠ .
            㧫  ন 讥 ᫮ ᮪ ,
          ଠ樥  ᪥  ࠧ 筨-
         (⥬⨪:  ணࠬ ᯥ祭, ୠ 孨,
        䨭,    ..).

           - ᪠ 䠪ᨬ ᮮ饭.
            䠪ᨬ  ᮮ饭 ॠ ⠢  ⥬
        "૨-GTC".  ⮢ ᮮ饭,  ࠢ  
        㧫 ,  ।   । ⥬ 䠪-
         ࢥ஢   ⥫䮭  ( 祭  
         䠪ᨬ ).
             ⠭  䠪ᨬ ࢥ:
            ⣠  (  । 䠪ᨬ ᮮ饭  ଠ-
        ),   ᪢ ( ।  䠪ᨬ  ᮮ饭  
        襣 ),   ᥬࣥ ( । 䠪ᨬ ᮮ-
        饭   ⥫䮭   ⠫ ࠭).

           - ⠢ ⥫ ᮮ饭.
            ᮮ饭  ।  ਭ ।-
        ⢥     ஭ 騪.   짮⥫ 
        ⮣ 砥 㠫 ⥫ , 㦨
        ⠭  ᥬࣥ ⥫ ࢥ஬.

           - "on-line" 㣨:
                  ⥬ ⥪ ଠ, ࠭樨;
                  ᫥  ;
                   .25 १ ଠ 樮  
                Datex-P.

           ૨-GTC"    ᪮쪮  ⪮    
        (२⢥  ଠ).
           "૨-GTC" ।⠢           
        Datex-P   ࠡ   ०  "on-line"    㣨
.
                                    - 24 -

        묨  ⥬,  祭묨   ॣ 
        .25.
            ०  "on-line"   ࣠ ।⢥
        饭 짮⥫  ०      ७樨  
        ᯮ⮢  ࠧ 㧫 .
            ⬥  ⠪    ᢮⢮  ⥬  "-
        -GTC",  筮. 짮⥫᪨ 䥩 (-
        ,  ࠢ筠 প) ॠ   몠: -
        , 檮, ᪮, ࠭᪮.
            । ⥬ ॠ  ⠢ -
        樨   㧥 ⠪     몮.

           - 樨  ᠬ:
           ⠭ ⠬ ணࠬ   孨᪮  ᯥ-
        ;
           롮 ணࠬ ᯥ祭  ࠡ    ⥪⠬  
        ࠧ 몠;
           ᯮ짮 । 㭨権.

.
                                    - 25 -

          5.4.    HH ("Infonet")

           a. ।⠢  ࠭᭠樮쭮  Infonet
         ਨ 襣  ᮧ ᮢ⭮    䨭  
        "䮪" (ࠪ  ⮬ ᠭ ஭ 28  1991.).
        ।⥫ﬨ  "䮪" :   "᪮᪠  -
        த᪠ ⥫䮭 " (24% ⠢ 䮭);  (27%  );
        /  (19,5%  );  / - (19,5% ); -
           ⥫㭨樨 ﭤ( 10% ).

           b.  1992 .   Infonet ᮧ  ᪢ ᮡ⢥
        ⠭ 쭮 প,  ⮣ 짮⥫ﬨ  ᬮ
            ࣠樨  ਨ 襣 .
           ᯫ஢ ⠭  㤥    "䮪"    ᫮
        ७.    ⠭樨  ⢨ "䮪" 㤥 ᯥ-
         室   Infonet १  ⠭   -
        .    裡  ।⠢     ।⥫ -
         ਪ ⮬⨧஢ ⥬.(뭥  )
            Infonet ᮧ  1970 . 樮 - ਪ᪠
        ଠ MCI  10 㤠⢥ ⮢  ⥫㭨樮
        権  ࠭  ய,  ࠫ,   
        .   3 ॣ 業   40    㭪⮢
        প.   -  200 . ஢.
            1992 .     ࣠樨, ᯮ  -
        ਨ 襣 ,  㡫    짮 -
          㯭襩      ୮  ଠ樮  
        Infonet.
            ⥬  㠫  -  ⪨  쭮
        ,  뤥  ᪫⥫쭮 짮   -
        쪨 ⮢  ᪫騥 ᠭ樮஢ .
           ଠ樮  Infonet ।⠢ 㣨  ᯥ-
        祭   ⠬  120 ࠭ .

           c.  "䮪" ।⠢ ᫥騥 㣨:
           ᯮ짮 ஭  ,  ࣠  ஭
        ७権, । 䠪ᮢ, । ⥫ᮢ,   
        .25,  .400,    Infonet, ᯮ짮 㭠த-
          ⥫䮭  裡,  ।⠢  ⥫㭨樮
        㤮 ( த,  ७), ଠ樮 㦨-
         짮⥫, ⠦    ᯫ । -
        ⥫쭮  孨  ⢥  㡥 ந⢠,
        ࠭⨩  ᫥࠭⨩ 㦨 孨.
           㭨樮 㣨 ।⠢ 㣫筮.
.
                                    - 26 -

                      5.5.    "COMPNET"

           a.  "" (.᪢)  筮-ந⢥ ।-
        ⨥  "଑ࢨ"  (.) 㦨 
         COMPNET.

           b.     室    㭠த    
        -- (),  ।⠢ ᮡ  ଠ-
        樮 ,  ꥤ  㣨 , ⠪,  -
         (ࠫ),  ୥ (ࠧ),  (), ਭ
        (⠭),  ࠮ (ࠣ),  ।᭠ (),
              ().    ஬    
         ਨ IBM PC AT/386,  ࠡ騩  樮 -
        ⥬ UNIX.  ஥   ⢥ ந-
        ⢠ ⠨.    ᪫砥  祭   
        १ HAYES-ᮢ⨬ .
            饥 ६   㦨   1000  ⮢,
        祬 10 ⮢  ন  ६.
            COMPNET ।⠢     ଠ樥
          ࠧ묨  ࣠ﬨ  ⤥묨 ᯮ⠬
          ࠭, ⠪  ਪ, ய  .
           ஬ ⮣, १  ⠭樨  室  -
          RELCOM, IASNET.

           c.  ᯥ稢 ᫥騥 :
           ஭ , 䠪ᨬ쭠 , ⥫᭠ , -
        ७.
            ⮨  室 ⠢ ᯥ樠쭮 ணࠬ
        ᯥ祭.
            ࠡ⠥ 㣫筮.
.
                                    - 27 -

         5.6.     
                               ()

           a. ⢥ 樠  ।   -
        ⮬  ॣ쭮 ⥫㭨樮  ᪮
        ଠ樨 (),  ஥  ᭮ ਪ᪮ 孮-
        .

           b.   36 ॣ ᨨ   ࣠ 業,  ᮥ-
         뤥묨  裡,    ꥤ-
          500 ⮢.  業   ᯮ-
          ᪮᪮ ., -ࣥ, த᪮ ,
        ࠤ᪮ ., ᪮ ., ⠭, ᪮ .,
        फ᪮ .,  ᪮ ., ᪮ ., ᨡ-
         .,  ஢᪮ .,  ᪮ .,  ᪮ .,
        ᭮᪮ ࠥ,  ⨨,  誮⠭,  ஢᪮ .,
        ஭᪮ ., ⮢᪮ ., ᭮᪮ ࠥ, -
        -થ᪮ .,  ⠢ய᪮ ࠥ, न-ਨ,
        ⠭,  ஢᪮  ࠥ,  ਬ᪮  ࠥ,  堫᪮
        ., , 쪮, , ᨨ, 誥, -,
        .  ᭮ ࠪ  ਪ᪮ ௮樥  
        ⠢  ⠭ " "  室 -
        㤮   ⥬᪮ ᯥ祭.  孮 
        ᮮ⢥ 㭠த ⠭  .400/ISO MOTIS 
        ࠭ ᮢ⨬  ᥬ ᮢ६묨 ﬨ  -
           㡥.

             室:
           ஭ ,  ஭  묨,  ஭
        ঠ.

           c. ⠢ ⮬   ᬮ:
           - ஢  㯠⥫  த;
           -    㯫, த;
           - ᭨ ⮢⥫ ⮩   த樨;
           -   ଠ  設⢠   ⢮  ࣠;
           - 客 ᤥ;
           - ⢮  樮;
           - ࠧ ४;
           - ஢ થ⨭ ᫥;
           - ନ ᪨ ।;
           -    ࠭ᯮ ॢ  ᮯ஢ 㧮;
.
                                    - 28 -

           - ஭஢   ⨭;
           -    ਮ⥭ ⥢;
           - ࠧ   ⨯䨨;
           - ⢨ 㬠  ଠ樥  ⭥ࠬ;
           -  ਤ ;
           -  ଠ  業  ஢ 뭪.

             ।ᬮ७ ஭ ,  -
        ⠬   १ .
.
                                    - 29 -

        5.7. HH HH    H MAXLINK

           a.  RRC   MaxCom  USA,  Inc.  ।⠢
        㭨ᠫ  㭠த    裡      
        MaxLink. ᯫ ࣠  ᨨ  RRC.

           b. 짮⥫ MaxLink  뫠 ᢮ ᮮ饭 -
        筮    ⥫䮭   祬  600 -
         .  ⥩ MaxLink 墠뢠 ஭
        ,  뫪 䠩, ⥫, ⥫䠪, ᨭ⥧   -
         㣮.  ⮨⢮  裡  ꥤ -
        㭠த   ஭      ⥫᭮    䠪ᨬ쭮
        .
              ᯥ樠쭮 ணࠬ    ⮬⨧-
        ஢   ᮮ饭ﬨ   ६ ࠡ  
        .    㯭  ᨨ    ஢  IBM  Apple
        Macintosh.
           MaxLink ন 6 몮:  ᪨,  ᪨, ࠭-
        ᪨, ⠫᪨, 檨, ᯠ᪨.

           c. 짮⥫ MaxLink   ⥫ᠬ   -
         ⥫-設   אַ  ᢮ .  
         MaxLink 砥  ⥫    ,    
        ਭ ⥫ אַ  ᢮ .
           饭   ᫠  ⮢   ᯮ-
          . ᮪ ⮢   
        (  짮⥫ MaxLink ),   ନ஢ ᠬ 짮-
        ⥫.
            뫪 䠩  짮⥫  -
         ஭묨 ⠡栬, 䨪, ⨭  ..
           MaxFax  뫠 䠪  ।⢥    襣
           䠪 設  .
           짮⥫  ࠭ ᢮ ଠ ᯮ
        "  "  .   ஭ ୠ "
        ᥣ",  㯭 짮⥫  ⥫  ,
        ᢥ頥 䨭, , ᯮ,    㣨 ⥬.
           ᯮ 祢  ᨭ⥧    MaxCom    ⥬
        MaxTalk  ਭ ஭ ᮮ饭  ⥫  -
        䮭 ⥬ TouchTone.
.
                                    - 30 -

                          5.8.   (Relcom)

           a. ᯫ ࣠ -  "".

           b. 1990 - ᮧ  (   ⮢    -
        ).  짮⥫ 2- UNIX 設  ଠ樥 
        ࠧࠡ⪠   樮 ⥬.
           1990,   -    砥 30 ࣠権 - 童 -
        ᪮ ࣠樨 짮⥫ UNIX.    
        ᮮ饭ﬨ  ய᪮  EUNET.
           1991, ᭠ - 祭   ।ਭ⥫᪨ -
        . 砫 ᯮ樠쭮  ᫠ ⮢.
           1991,  - ⠬  ⠭ 㤠⢥ -
        ०  (⢮  ,  䨭ᮢ,  ᡠ  .)
        祭       ᨬ   ଠ樮   :
        (Interfax, POSTFACTUM, ,   .)
           1991, ᥭ RELCOM ⠭ ਧ   ।-
        ⢮  ⢨ ।ਭ⥫᪨,  ᫥⥫᪨ 
        ࠢ   ᥩ ਨ .
           1992, ᭠ -  樮୮ ⢠ RELCOM.
            (RELCOM)- 60  짮⥫  2500 ࣠権
         260 த. 400    ७ 䨪, 40 -
         - 㡥.
           RELCOM -   । ᮮ饭, ꥤ ⮢
        設  ਨ ᥩ ࠭.  ⢥ 樮쭮 
        RELCOM   ய᪮  EUNET, ⮬  -
          RELCOM ࠭ ᮣ襭   -
        묨 ᮮ饭ﬨ, 騥    EUNET  ⠪-
          㭠த묨  ﬨ     INTERNET,   UUNET,   BITNET,
        compuServe  .,  ⮬ ᫮ ⮢ ஢ ⥩ 
        1000000.
           "" 設,  ᯮ  㯭 த, ᯥ-
        稢  쬠  ࠭ ᮮ饭  ᢮  -
        䮭 ॣ.
            業 RELCOM ꥤ 뤥묨 -
         裡,  㥬묨  筮 ⥫䮭  
        ᯮ  ᯥ樠஢ ⥫䮭  -2.
           짮⥫᪨ 設 뢠  ॣ 㧫 
        㥬 ⥫䮭 .
            孨᪮  ஭ RELCOM ।⠢ ᮢ㯭 -
         設,    ᯥ稢  ᮮ-
        ﬨ  ᢮ ⥫䮭 ॣ  । 㣮த -
        ࠢ 㣮 ॣ쭮 設.
.
                                    - 31 -

           ⭠     ᪮᪨ ॣ 業஢ 
        ᯥ稢  ࠡ  300 ⥫䮭  ,  
        ⢥ 㧫 設 ᯮ  ⨯ MicroVAX.
             ॣ 㧫  ᪢, , ᨡ᪥,
        ୠ㫥,  ,  , ஢ ᮧ 㧫  
        10 㣨 த.
            饥  ६  15 .  ⮢  80 த ࠭
         ஭ ⮩ RELCOM.
           ஭  ।⠢ ᮡ ਠ쭮 -
         ⥬ ⠢ ᮮ饭   ⭮  -
          UNIX -to-UNIX.  । ᮮ饭   ⢫
         㥬   ० ,     -
         ࠡ 짮⥫ ⥬  ० ॠ쭮 -
        .    Relcom   ᯮ짮 -
        ᫨⥫       㡥  B  (ਬ,
        INTERNET, BITNET).
           C। ६   ᪠ ᮮ饭ﬨ, ᪨-
         ࠦﬨ, ணࠬ ⠢  ,   
         ᮢ   窨 .
           稢  RELCOM,  짮⥫ 砥  
        ९뢠    ஭    㣨 ⠬
        RELCOM, ⠪   ⠬ 㭠த ⥩.   -
          ᮮ饭 ⥫७樨 USENET  騬  -
          ࠢ ᢮ ᮡ⢥ ᮮ饭  ⭨  ⥫-
        ७樨,    㡫 娢, 騬 
          設   RELCOM, ⠪   㣨 易-
             ᥬ .
           B 饥 ६    Relcom ᮯ殮   
        4- ⮢ , ॠ  B  樮 -
        ⥬ UNIX.

           c. ।⠢塞 㣨:
           - ஭ 
           ஭  ⠭      ᮮ饭ﬨ  
        짮⥫ﬨ  RELCOM  㣨 ⥩, ᮢ⨬  -
         ᮮ饭   INTERNET. 饭   -
        , ᮤঠ饣 㦥 ଠ,  ⥪,  ஬ -
         "" (㪢 ᪮  ⨭᪮ 䠢⮢,  
        , 䨪). 饭 짮⥫  ஭ ⮩ -
        室   ⮢ ⥬  Mail,    
           뫠 ᮮ饭,  ஢ ,  뢠 
        娢,  ந   娢   㣮.   
        짮⥫    ,  ஬ ⮢ ணࠬ
.
                                    - 32 -

        ।, 㤠 㦭 ⠢ ᮮ饭  .
           - ७ USENET
           ७ USENET 㦨     ﬨ  
        짮⥫ﬨ  ᥬ .  ,    USENET,
           ᮮ饭  ᫠  ᠬ.  ⮡ -
            USENET,   㦭  設,  易 
        襩  饩   ⥫७樨.  १   㤥
          ࠢ ᮮ饭. 饭, 묨 -
         ⭨ ⥫७樨.    ,   -
         ᮮ饭,   ᮤঠ    ⥫-
         . 饭 ⥫७樨 ࠧ  㯯  -
        ᠬ  -  "news-㯯".     ᪮쪮 ⥭
        "news-㯯",  ꥬ ଠ樨   ⠢  5 -
            .  ணࠬ  ⥭ ⥩  ⭨
        ७樨   㯯,    .
           - ஭ ⥭ ⥩
           ஭ ⥭ ⥩ - The Teleputing Hoteline. 
         RELCOM  ᪠  ஭ ⥭ ⥩
        The Teleputing Hoteline.  ⥭ 室   -
         (1  -  18 ),  ।  ⫠ ()
          (). ᪠  The Teleputing Hoteline -
        室  ᢥ १ 5 ᮢ ᫥    . Hte
        Teleputing Hoteline ⮢    ⥩,  ⠢塞
        ᨬ  ଠ樮  ⢮ Newsbytes News Network
         ᠬ ࠧ ஭  ୮ ஬諥
         裡.
.
                                    - 33 -

                             5.9.  SprintNet

           a.  ᯫ ᮢ⭮ ।⨥ "ਭ-",
        ᮧ ௮樥 Sprint International ()   ந-
        ⢥ ꥤ "ࠫ " (᪢).

           b.  ।   樥 ⮢ "ਭ "
        ᮧ    楫  ।⠢ ᨨ  㣨 㤠⢠
        襣  ᮢ६      ।    
        ᮧ 㤮   ॠ樨.
            SprintNet    ⭮  樨  (
        .25),   ᯥ稢  ⮢   100 -
         .
           "ਭ " 砥  ᥡ:
         - 㧫 ⭮ 樨,  ᯥ稢騥   ᯥ-
         । , 業  롮    -
         ⥬    ।;
         - ।⢠ 樨,  騥  ஬ ࠫ쭮 .
         ⢫  ਬ ⢥  ⥫-
        ,  ᯥ稢  ய᪭ ᯮᮡ  -
        । ;
         - ।⢠ ࠢ , 騥 業ࠫ -
         䨣 ᮢ  ,  ⢫ ⠭-
          ⨪,    ⥪騩 ஫  ࠡ⮩  
        ॠ쭮 ⠡ ६;
         - ⥣஢ ࠭ᯮ   ।⢠,  ।騥  ,
          ࠦ   ᮪䥪⨢  -
        筮 ࠫ.
            饥 ६   ᯫ 㧫 ⭮ -
        樨 "ਭ "  த:  -, , -
        ஢, , , ᨡ, ᪢.
            祭 1992 .  ।ᬠਢ ७ 㧫 -
        樨 ⮢,  易  業ࠫ 㧫  ᪢,  ᫥-
         த ,   ਭ,  ,  ,
        ஧, 室.
           "ਭ "   ᬥ  ࠭ -
         ,  ᯥ祭 ᥪ⭮  ᭮  -
          묨,  㬥⠬,  묨 ⠬,
        ஥⠬, ⢫ 䨭ᮢ 樨  ᥬ .
           "ਭ " ᮧ  150 ᠬ⥫ ⥩. -
        ⠢塞  ⠭  祬  30 ࠭ . 
           ⥩ ਭ  ᯫ ⮢묨,  ⥫-
        䮭묨  ⥫묨 㤠⢥묨 ﬨ  裡
.
                                    - 34 -

         ࠭  ᭮   饣 짮.
           "ਭ  ᯥ稢 ⢨    ﬨ  饣
        짮 筮 ⨯  묨 ⥬,  ন-
        騬 ⮪ .25.
           ⥫쭮    ॠ ⠭  㦡 -
        ଠ樮   ,   ⠪        ஭    
        (SprintMail),  䠪ᨬ쭠 㦡 (SprintMail Fax), ⥫᭠
        㦡 (SprintMail Telex)  .
           "ਭ "  ।⠢  짮⥫ 뤥 
        裡  । த ᪢  祭 筮 -
        㤮    ९     㧫 -
        樨 .   ⮬    ।   ⠭-
          ⮫쪮    ᨬ  ꥬ । 
          த⥫쭮 ᥠ 裡.  ⠭ -
          㣨 ﬨ,  ꥬ ४஢ ,
        稢 ⠪  த⥫쭮  ࠪ.
           "ਭ " ।⠢ 짮⥫  । ⥬
        㠫 뤥  ,    㤮  ᯮ짮,
        ਬ,  ᮥ  ᫨⥫ ⠭  -
        訬 䨪   .  㠫쭮 -
          ᮥ ।⠢  ⠭ ᮥ-
           㣨 ⠬.  ⠪ 㣨  
        த⥫쭮  ࠪ.
           "ਭ " ।⠢  ⠭  ᮥ-
           㧫 樨 ⮢   㥬 -
        ᪮ த᪮ ⥫䮭 .  ⮬ 짮⥫ -
        砥    㯠  ᢮ ନ,  ᮭ쭮
           쭮 ᫨⥫쭮    室
         , ᫨⥫ 設  㣨  -
        ⥬,  뢠  ᪮  ⥢   -
        ⢥⢨    ४樥  .121.   䨪樨 
        ⮢ ᯮ  ⥢  䨪  짮⥫.
            樨 ⮢ ஬  㥬 -
        䮭  ᯥ稢   ᠬ      ⮩
        ⮫쪮 த⥫쭮 ᥠ 裡 ᨬ  ꥬ -
        ।   ᪮  ।.

           c. "ਭ " ।⠢ 㣨 "஭  ".
        ⥬  "஭  "  ᯥ稢   
          ᠬ ࠧ ଠ,    "⮢묨
        騪", ⠢  ⥫  䠪, ⮢ ⠢ ⢥म
        .
            ᮧ  ᯮ짮  ⥬ "஭
.
                                    - 35 -

        " ஭    "᮪ "  
           ⠪  ਬ  ଫ ,  -
        ࠢ த,  ।⠢ 䨭ᮢ ⮢. "ਭ
        "    饥  ६ ਬ  祬 20 ࠭ 
        ⢥ ஭  饣 짮.
           "ਭ "  ᯥ稢  । ଠ樨  ஬-
            ࠭  ᮪ ⥯ -
          䠪  䠪ᠯ  ᥬ .  ।ᬮ७ -
         ࠢ ଠ樨 ࠧ  ᪮쪮 ᮢ.  -
         ⠭  㯭   ࣠樨  訬 -
         䠪ᨬ쭮 ।  ᮪ ॡﬨ   ஫
        ⠢ ଠ樨.
           "ਭ " ।⠢ 㭨樮  㣨  -
        襭 ⢠,   㣨  ।⠢ 뤥
        ()  裡  .
            "ਭ " ஥  ॠ " " -
            ।   ਨ  -
         襣    㡥,  ᭠ ᯥ樠-
         㤮    ணࠬ  ᯥ祭    ।
          ꥬ  ଠ樨  㤠묨  ᪮
        ⭮襭 ࠩ.  ।⨥ ᯮ ᥬ  室
        孨᪨ ᥭ,  ।祭  ஥ ⥩ 
        樥 ⮢,   ன⢠ 㯠    -
        業樥  㧪,  㧫  樨 ⮢,  
        業 ࠢ   樮 ⠭樨.
.
                                    - 36 -

                     5.10.   

           a. ᯫ  ࣠ 樮୮ ⢮ -
        ⮣ ⨯ ଠ "⠪".

           b.  "⥪"  ࣠ -  ꥤ  ஢
        権 ॣ ⥫ଠ樮 㧫.   -
         ନ  ᭮ ஢   ""  
          ॣ 㧫.
            "⥪" ᮧ  業஢     筮-ந-
        ⢥  ମ  "".   ""  
           ᥬ ⥫ଠ樮묨 㧫 .
            "⥪"    孨᪠  ⥬  ।⠢ ᮡ
        ꥤ ॣ ⥫ଠ樮  㧫,  易
         ᮡ १ ࠧ 㭨樮  ( 
        饣 짮) -  ᪨  짮⥫ (ନ-
         ),  砥  ॣ 㧫 १ 㭨-
        樮  饣 짮.
            "⥪"    ।    ॠ樨 㬠
        孮 ࠭  ࠡ⪨ ஭ ଠ樨, -
        ஢ ன ⢫  ଠ樮 ⢠ 
        業 樨  ,   ।⢥  筨-
         ଠ樨 (ন, ).
           짮⥫ ⢫   ଠ樮  ᠬ
        㧫    ଠ樮 㣨 १ ᪨ 
        (ନ),  ᮥ  㧫 १ 㭨樮-
          饣 짮.
             ࠧ蠥 ந쭮 ᯮ 㧫. -
            ᫮ ᯮ 㧫  -
        稥 祪 祭  㭨樮 .
            ⠢  ᪮ ନ 易⥫쭮  室
        㭨樮 ணࠬ FAST+.
           ⥬ ।⠢  ᢮  ⠬  㣨 ஭
         ⥣஢  ஭ ⮩     -
          짮⥫ ⥫७樨 .  -
         ⥣  ﬨ TELEFAX  TELEX.
            ⢥ 㭨樮 ⥩  "⥪" ᯮ:
        - ⥫䮭  饣 짮;
        - 뤥 㥬  "";
        - ⭠    (.25).
            㧫 ⥪ ࠧ饭  , -, -
        ,   㪠,  ࠤ,  㫥,  ஦, ,
        ᪢,   த, ⮢--, ᠫ, 䨨. 
.
                                    - 37 -

        1992 ᫮ ⮢   ⠢  500.

           c.  "⥪" ।⠢ 짮⥫ ᫥騥 㣨:
           - ⨢ ᢮    ᨨ;
           - 祭 ஢  ப᪮ 㦨;
           - ஭  -  ⥪⮢, ᪮  㣮
             ଠ樥 ( 쬠,  㬠  ..)
           - ᪨  ;
           - ஭  ;
           - ࠧ筮 ணࠬ ᯥ祭;
           -  ਥ  ࠢ 䠪ᨬ,  ⥫  
             ⥫⠩ ᮮ饭.
           㭪樮    ⥬  -
         ந쭮 ᫠  㧫, ᭠饭  WM.
           ᫥饥 ࠧ⨥  । ⠯  ७
        ᫥ ᭮  ਪ ଠ樮 :
           - ଠ樮 ࠢ ⥬  ᭮  ࠪ⨢
        ()  ,  ।⠢ 짮⥫  -
        ⨢ ० 㣨   ᥪ  ஭  ଠ-
        樨;
           - ஭   ⥫७権;
           - ஭ । ᪮ ଠ樨;
           - ᪨ ⥢ 㦡 (஭  ଠન,  ন,
        ਭ).
           ஬ ⮣ "⥪" ᯥ稢   ଠ樨    -
        ᠭ樮஢  㯠 (ਯ⮧ ଠ樨)  ࠭-
        ஢ 䨪    㬥  (஭
        ).
.
                                    - 38 -

             5.11.  "SET Bliz" ( HH )

           a. ᯫ ࣠ - ⮢⢮   ࠭祭-
         ⢥⢥ -  " ".

           b. ⥬ ।⠢ ᮡ 業ࠫ  ,
        ࠭騩 ᢥ  ।ﬨ ⮢. ⥬ ॠ-
              쭮  ᫨⥫쭮    室 
        譨 짮⥫ १ 㥬 ⥫䮭 .

           c.  " "  ⠬:
           - ⢫    ᤥ    
             १⮬;
           -  ଠ  ﭨ   뭪;
           -  㣫 ࠡ   窨.
            "  " ।⠢ ⠬  -
        㯪 ᥩ ⥬.
.
                                    - 39 -

        5.12.         SEDAB

           c. ମ  "OCTOPUS-Varioline"  (ଠ)  ﭢ 1992 .
          ᯫ ⥬ ଠ樨  裡   ᮢ-
          SEDAB.

           b. ⭨ ⥬ SEDAB    ।,
          ⮬ ⥫䮭   ᪢.

           c. ।⠢塞 㣨:
           - ।⠢  ஡  ଠ樨    祬 100000
        । 襣    ࠭ , ।
        㤮, ⮢  㣨;
           -  ᪠ -ந⥫   祬 40000 -
          ⮢஢   (஢  ⮢஢ 
        ᭮ ମ஢ ⥬);
           - 祭 ⨢    ஢  㯭
        ⮢ ঠ ;
           -     ଠ樮  থ  ⮢஢   
        ७ 뭪;
           - ⠭ אַ 裡   ମ ,  ᯮ
        ᮢ६  裡,  ⠪  㭠த ⥫䠪, -
        ⠩  ஭ .
.
                                    - 40 -

                            6. HH 

           ⢥  p      ᯥ祭
        p⨢   p樥  p p㯭 p権,
        pp⨩,  p⥫⢥ p, p  ..
          쬠  pp   pp  ᯮ  
        ᯥ᪨ 㦤 p ⥬.


                               6.1. 

            ꥤ  裡    -
        ᨨ    ࠭ .    (訩 ) 
        .
           ᭮ 楫 ᮧ ⮩  - ᯥ祭  짮-
        ⥫ ࣠権     .  ଠ樮 --
        ᫨⥫묨  ᠬ     㡥 ⥩  
        ० ⨢ 짮.
            -   த   樥 -
        ⮢, ॠ饩 ⮪   .
        ᭮ 
            - 㭨樮 㧫,  ନ  ࠡ稥
        ⥬. 㭨樮 㧫  ନ ⥬ ॠ-
            -, ࠡ稥 ⥬ -    .
            ⮢  㡥  ᯥ稢 -
         ᯥ㧫, 室騬  ⠢ . ⢨
        ⠢  㧫    ⢫  ᮮ⢥⢨ 
        ⠭⮬  .25.   裡 뤥,  ७㥬 
        裡 .
            饥 ६  ।⠢  ᮡ  ਤ
        ,   ᯥ稢 ஧筮  ,  -
        稢 筮 ⢠ ଠ樮 ᮢ. -
        楯  ࠧ   ᮣ  楯樥 ࠧ-
         ।  ,   ⢥ ⨯  -
            ,     ᬠਢ 
           ᮧ ॣ ⥩,   -
        楯樨 ࠧ .
            ⮬ 室  楯樨   
         ⮩ ,  ᮢ⨬  ⮪  ⠤⠬
        /,  ᯥ稢饩  祭    
            ⢥  㡥 ந⢠,   ⠪
        짮⥫  㣨   ப ᯥ஬  ணࠬ--
        ᪨ ।, ⢥ ॡ   ⠭⮢.
.
                                    - 41 -

                            6.2.  

              ᪮,  ᮧ  1982 .    ⥬
        ⥫ࠡ⪨ ᪮ ଠ樨  ()  ।⠢
        ᮡ 㠫쭮-⠣ࠬ  , 㭪樮  -
         ।    ,    ⢨  뤥묨
            ﬨ  ࠭.  殮  㣨 ﬨ,
        ஥묨  㣨 ਭ樯  ⮪,  ⢫
        १   ,  ⢫ 室
        ८ࠧ ଠ樨, 䥩ᮢ  .  ᯥ稢-
         祭      裡 - -50, - (-
        饣 짮), -200,   .,  㥬 ⥫-
        䮭  ⥫  裡.   ᭮ ࠧ -
        ⥪   楯 ⥪     -
        樨  ࠧ , ⨯ 樮 ।  ᯮ㥬
         ᫨⥫쭮 孨, ࠧ   ।⢠ -
        .
           ⨥  -  ᮧ    ᭮  -
        ᮢ  設,    ப ਬ  ⥬ ᪮
        :  ,   ⨯  1840  ஭-1715,  ⠪ 
         ⨯ -1600.
           ࠪ᪠ ॠ ⥪ 쥩  ।  
        ᯥ稢  室   ᥬ஢   ⭮-
        ⥫쭮 楯樨 ᯥ祭 ⥢ ⢨ ࠧ-
            楤 㯠.
           ⠭⮬ ⮪ 裡    ।   -
         ⮪ SDLC, ন ⥢ ணࠬ -
        祭        ᮮ⢥⢨  ⥪ன .
           ⠭⮬ ⮪  裡  ⢨   -
         ﬨ  㤥  쭥襬 ⮪ .25.


                            6.3.  H

             ஬ ᮧ  㤮, 㯫 
        ࠭᪮   - (砥 ࠭᪮ -
        ன GOFO).  ⮩  ॠ ਭ樯 樨 -
        ⮢.
            樨 ।⠢  ᥡ      
        MITRA-252. ⥢ 㧫 樨 ⮢ ᮥ  -
         ᮪᪮묨 ﬨ 裡   뤥 ப-
           (48 /)  ᯮ짮 ᯥ樠 -
          ஫஢.
            裡  ⢥,    筮 ७ 뤥
         裡.
.
                                    - 42 -

           㣨        㧫 樨
            ᪮ﬨ 4800 /.
           ⨥   GOFO  ।ᬠਢ  室 -
        ⢨   ,  祭      .  ।⢠
        ᮯ殮      ᯥ稢 㭪樮஢   
        ⢥ ᪨ 設 ⮩        ஭⠫
        ஢,  砥   GOFO ।⢮ ⠭
         ⮩  䥩ᮢ,       - ।⢮ ᯥ-
        樠 䥩 ।, 㫨 ⠭ -
        ਩ ன⢠  .


                               6.4.  

            ।   뫠 ᮧ   -
        ⢠ 䫮    饥 ६ ⮨    -
         SRS -5030, ᯮ  த ࠤ, , 
         ᪢ (2 㧫).
             ॠ   䨫  "
        樨 ⮢",  ᮮ⢥⢨   짮⥫ -
             ⮪ .25  ࠡ  ᨭ஭-
            ᮮ⢥⢨   ४ﬨ    .28,
        .29, .3  ࠡ  ᨭ஭ .
            㧥   ந⥫쭮 100 /   ॠ-
          㭪樨 業 樨 ⮢  ⭮ 
        .
            SRS5030   16 ⮢ (8 ᨭ஭  8 ᨭ஭
        ⮢).
                室  樮  樨.  -
        ⢥ ⪮    ⢨  ப
        ࠭   饥 ६ ⥢ 㦡 (஭
        ,  ⥪  ..).
            饥 ६ 祭 짮⥫   
        쬠 ஡  ᨫ  ⪠  ᢮  ⥬
        ⮢.


                              6.5   "H"

             "७" -   ⢠ ࠦ᪮ -
        樨  ।祭  襭  ஢, ࠢ
        孮᪨ ᠬ  ⮬⨧樨 믮 ࠧ-
         ࠡ  ,  ⮬ ᫥ 権  த  ஭஢-
         ⮢  .
.
                                    - 43 -
            ᮧ      ࠧࠡ⠭   "᭠ "
        ᮢ 孨᪨ ।  業஢ 樨  ᮮ-
            ⮢ ࠧ ஢.  "७"   
             ⭮ 樥, 墠뢠  ࠩ-
         .   ﭨ  砫 1990.    㭪樮஢
        浪 180-  ( 㧫 樨  業樨)  
        浪  2000 ନ.    ᯮ짮 -
        ⢥  裡  뤥   裡  裡 .
            饥 ६   "७" ॠ ᯥ樠-
         ⮪,  ᯥ稢騥 室 孨᪨  -
        ࠪ⨪  ப  ।⠢塞 짮⥫ -
        䫮 .
             ᭮ ࠢ ࠧ  "७"  -
          ࠧࠡ⪠  ணࠬ-孨᪨  । "" 
        㤠 ⢨ १  "७" ࠧத  
        ( ,  ,  ),  ⠪  (ਠ)
         㣨 .  ᯮ짮  "" 
          ᮧ     "७" ⥩ ࠧ -
        ,   "ᬮ",   ,  -
         ⢠   ⢠ 樨,    
        ⮬ ⠭権  ..,   ⢥ ᮪頥  
           ⮫쪮   ७  ᯫ -
         뤥  裡,    ६,  ⠪ -
        ਠ     ࠧࠡ ணࠬ孨᪨ ।
        㭨樮 .   㣮 ஭,   । -
        ⥫ ॡ   "७"  ᯥ祭  -
        ⢨ ᮮ⢥騬 ⥫묨 ⠬  ॠ-
         ⮣ ⢨.


                               6.6   

             ᮧ   ⥬  ࠢ  ⠬-
        묨 ⥬  ॠ 㭠த ⠭  -
         ⥫㭨権.
            ⮪    ᯫ  䥢ࠫ 1992
        .   த ,  ࠤ, ஢.   樥
        ⮢  ॠ    ᭮ 4- ⮢   ந-
        ⥫쭮 260 /.   ᮧ     ப
        PC/286    ॠ     짮⥫  ⮪
        .25.   ᪨ ⥬ 짮⥫ ॠ ࠭-
           ⮪,  ᮮ⢥騩  ४樨  ISO  8073.
        ࠭ᯮ ⮪ ॠ   ⤥쭮 , -
         ன ⠢ 30 .㡫.  ࠭ᯮ⭠ ⠭
        ন ६  32 ᪨ ᮥ.
              ।⠢ 짮⥫ 㣨 ஭
        ,  ॠ  ᮮ⢥⢨  ⮪ .400,  -
        ।, 㯠  ࠢ 䠩 FTAM (ISO 8571).
            ᮡ        ᯮ짮
.
                                    - 44 -

        ஢ ⭨ ⥬ 裡.   孥 ஢
        ⥬ ᯮ ࠫ쭠  ⠭ (), 믮-
         㭪樨 ࠢ ⥬.  ஬ ஢ ᯮ-
          ⠭樨. ,   ஢ 娨 -
          ਩ .  祭 짮⥫  
        ⢫ १ ਩ . ਩  ॠ-
          ᮮ⢥⢨  孮 VSAT ( ઠ ⥭
        ࠢ 2 ).   ࠧ饭 ࠫ쭮    -
         , ⢫騥 ⨧   -
        । .  ⭨ ⥬ 裡 ᯮ
        Ku- (14/11 ).


                            6.7  "-2"

            "-2" 뫠 ࠧࠡ⠭  ᯥ祭 १ࢨ-
        ஢   ஦ ࠭ᯮ .
            ⢫  ⨢ ࠢ ࠡ⮩  -
         ⥬ १ࢨ஢   㭪樮஢  
        ᠦ᪨ ॢ  楫.
           ।       13052-74 ( -
         ASC-11)  ᪮ 1200 /,  ᯮ짮 -
         横᪮ .   ᮯ殮     裡
        ᯮ  ⨯ ।  -8410,   -
        ࠢ ⠭ 樮 ⥬     ᯮ짮-
         饣 ⥫㭨樮 ⮤ 㯠 ().
             ᯮ ਭ樯 樨 ᮮ饭.
            裡 ⢥   筮  裡 .
           孨᪨ ।⢠  ⮪ ⥢ ⥫ࠡ⪨ -
            騩     "-2"  ᯮ 
        裡      ⢨   ⠭   ணࠬ-孨᪨
        ।,  ᪠  ஬諥  ন c-
        ஢ ⥢ ⥪, ४㥬   .
            1988 .     ࠧࠡ⪠  ⥬ -
         ,  ਥ㥬  ᯮ짮   ஢-
         ⥪,  ॠ㥬 ⠭⮬ .25  ᮮ⢥⢨ 
        ४ﬨ ,  । ᯮ짮 ४-
        樨  .75,   ࠡ  ᯥ祭 ᮯ殮  "-
        "  樮묨 ⥬ १ࢨ஢  ஦-
         ⮢ 㣨 ࠭.
.
                                    - 45 -

            7.  FTN- H 

            쬠  ppp  ⠭p,   p ᥩ
        pp ⭨ ⥫᪨  p᪨ ⥩  ᥬ
        p   p⥫쭮 ,    1984 ,  p-
        쭮   p㯭襩   p  ⥫᪮  
        FidoNet.   쭥襬  ᮢp襭⢮  p⨥ FTN ⠭-
        p p室 ᨭp    ⮩  쭮  p
        .

                                 7.1. FidoNet

           ,   魥訩 ⥫ pp,  쭮 p
        ᢮ ᮧ⥫ p  .
             pᨮ  pp -      (Tom
        Jennings)  -p᪮    (John Madill)  -
        ⨬p, 訥  訬  栬,  뫨  㡮 祭
        ᫮ p楤p  饭. , 寧, p室 -
          p p  BBS,     ,   
        p on-line ᮮ饭, ⮬ ᭮    ⢥.
         p    p  ,    -
        殢, ᮬ  ᠭ p p⨯  FTN-ᮢ⨬
        ⮢ (Mailer), p訩 off-line p,  让
        pp  ᮮ饭 (Message).  ⮢ 뢠  
        ᢮   ⨬p,     p楤p "p㪮-
        " (Handshaking),   ᮤp ᭮  p  
        뢠  ⠭,  ⠭  ⮢  (Mail
        Session),  祭 p ⮬᪨ p -
         ᮮ饭.
            쭥襬  pp⠭ ᯥ樠  p  ᮮ饭,
        ⫨   RFC822,    稢訩   Fido/*.MSG-Style
        Messages.   뫠   ⥬ ᠭ pᮢ.
        Hpp,  p 2:5020/275.909 砫,  짮⥫
        室   2-    (+p  +),  
        (Network) 5020 (.᪢),   Node p 275, p浪 -
        p 909.   짮⥫,  ,   뢠  Point.
        Point'  Node   祭 .
           p襭⢮ ⮢,  p祬  ᥩ  p  -
          ⪨,   ⭨.  ᫮ ᫮ Node  
        Point ⠭権      ᭮ 砫 ꥤ .  
        ⮫쪮 p  ⢮    뢠  㦥
        20 Node-㧫,  p   뫮 㦥  50.  
        p室   p ⥪ .    
.
                                    - 46 -

         ᮧp  㤥᭠      奬 pp⨧樨
        .  ⠪  p饭  奬    뫠  p  
        p.1. 뭥    㧥   ᢮   㭫,
        뫠 p p ⥬  Hub-㧫    
         ᯮ  ᮢp襭⢮ FTN-ᮢ⨬ .
           ᮪  Node-㧫 ᮤp   ..  Nodelist',  
        ⪮ 뫨 㪠 ,  ⮭宦 ⠭樨,  -
        Ꭿ,  ⥫䮭  p  㧫,  p    p⮪
        p   ᯥ樠 䫠 (pp,  MO (Mail Only)
        砫 ⢨   㧫 BBS;  CM (Continuous Mail)  -
        p㣫 p p).  p  Point-⠭ -
        㫨p    Pointlist'.  Pointlist',  
        p,     ppp  p p祭
        ⭮, ⠪ ,   pp,  짮⥫  H 
        ᮢp襭   㦭   襣 p   pᮬ
        2:5020/275.909, p饣 ᢮    宫  ᪢.  p
          p  ᤥ 䠩 p (File Request)
          ⠭樨, ᮤp饩 Pointlist  (Network) 5020.
           p ⥬ pp⨧樨 , 믮  p-
         ⨧,  pp  pp᪨  ⭮襭
         㧫    FidoNet  p  뤥  p
        p㣨 ⥩. 稢 ᪮p 宦 ᮮ饭, -
        蠫  祭  p⮬   쬠. 
        ⠭ ⠪ 뢠 ⮢   (Zone Mail Hour, 
        쭥襬 ZMH),    童  易  -
        ⥫쭮 p祩  .  ᫨    ⮢ 㧫 㭪樮-
        p BBS, Ꭿ  易 "p㡠"  ⥢ -
        ⥫,         p    p宦   p䨪
        (.Traffic - ⮪, ).
           ᪮p, p쭮      ppᨢ  㢥祭  ,
        p쭮 ᮧp p  ᮢp襭⢮ ⥬ 饭 童-
           ᮡ.   ⮣ p, ᫨ 짮⥫
        , ⮡   蠫 ,   p室  -
        p ᢮  ᮮ饭  n-p (Carbon Copies),  
        뫮 ,  ᥣ, .  ⮬   p  -
           pᮢ ,  p p -
        p    p.     p  ᮧ-
         ⥬᪨ ⥫p権 (Echo Conference),  -
         㪭襣    .   ⮩ 楫  뫠
        ᮧ ᯥ樠쭠  p㯯  pp      p
        (. Toss  -   ,   pp뢠).   p   (Squish,
        Fastecho, Gecho   p.) 뫨 p  짮⥫ -
         뫠 ᮮ饭   pp  ⥫p樨,
.
                                    - 47 -

        ᮮ⢥騬 p  p,  pp  pp
        ⮢  㪠    p  pp    
        p ⥢ p,   짮⥫ 砫
        ᮮ饭  ⮩ p樨. p 뫮  ⮫쪮 ,
        ᪮쪮   ,   ,   ⭮,  筮 뢠 
             ᨨ  .    p
        p  楫 p ⠭p⮢ ᮤp Echo-  -
        .   p   뤥 Squish, HMB (Hudson Message
        Base), JAM  Fido/*.MSG-Style ⠭p, ᫥  p,
         p稭 p筮, ᪮p ⠫ ᯮ짮 ᪫-
        ⥫쭮  筮 p᪥.    p pp뢠
         ᮢp襭⢮ pp Echo-p権 (GoldEd, Great
        Wall  p.)   p 짮⥫  p  㤮
        짮 㣠 ⥫p権.
           Backbone 㯭  ⮫쪮  ᪢ Echo-p権 -
        뢠 ᪮쪮 ⥭ .
            㧥      ᪮쪮  pᮢ  (AKA,  .
        Also-Known-As - -⥭-),    짮-
         pﬨ  ᢮ .   뢠  ⠪,
            pp ᥪ -ᨭp,    -
        㭫 p  ⥫ 㤤.   㤤 ᫥
          p㣮 ,   뫠  㯭 ⥫p-
        樨 ᮮ⢥饩 ⥬⨪,  ⠢ 饣 -
          .
            p p   ᠬ ,   p
         p樨 (File-Echo Conference),      ⢥
        p   㯠   ᮮ饭,  ,   㦥 -
        p ,  䠩.  ᠬ 童 , ᠢ訩,  
        ,   pp,    p᫠   p⢮
        䠩 p樨 ᥬ   ᠭ. p, -
         ⮪  (Traffic)  ⠪ p ⠢  
         ᪮쪨 ⮢  ,  騥   -
         魮    p   ᮡ 
         ᨫ.
.
                                    - 48 -

                                8. H

           - ᪠:  "᫨   㬠,    ࠧ  -
        -஡  ⢮".  H  ,      ⮫쪮  ,
        ,  祫 ⎨ ﭭ p  p
        p   ,  ᮢp襭  pᯥ-
        ⨢.   । ஭      
        ਫ,    ࠧ  ⠪ ,   ,  
        易  ।祩 : ᬮ , ஭ -
         䮭,  饣, 譨 , ।-
         ࠡ⪠ , ஭  묨 (㦡 EDI) 
        ⠪ .     室 ,  -
        ,    ᪮ ,  ⠪   ⠭  
        ஢.   ⠥,    㦠 .
.
                                    - 49 -

                                  H

            p 祫 ᢮ ⭮襭  p,    
         롭  p ᢮ ,  ﭭ ⨪-
        p p㪠?  ,   ᮦ, p  㬠  p
         p,    뫪,    ᪠?   ⮣ 
        pp⠭  p  p⨪ 筮   㡫筮  p᪨
        p p,  p  樮쭮 ﭨ 祫 
        㤠 p.


                   C HH H ()

                             ᭮ 

    :-)         ᭮ 롪.  ᯮ  ࠦ  -
                 ⬥⪨ 筮 ⢥ত, ..   -
                 ⮭樨     ᮬ.
    ;-)         롪. 뢠 / ઠ᪠
               롪.॥ 砥 "       ,    
               ⮫쪮  ᪠".
    :-(        筠 롪.    ࠢ ᫥ ⢥ত-
                  祭 祬-.
    :-I        ᨬ 롪.  祬 ।,   ⠪ -
               ,  ⫨ 롪.
    :->        ஠, १, 娤 롪. 㦥 祬 :-)
    >:->       -饬 ஧ ਩.
    >;->        ஧  䨧.


          p p⮢  ﬨ p⮢ ⢥p

    :-E        p ,     pp  
                쪨 .
    :-F         p ,   㦥   㬥p p,
               ᪮  㡠   (/p⠭).
    :-*         ꥫ   -  ᫮    蠫  ᮢp襭
               p .  p  ⭮襭  p-
                , p 祬   楫.
    :-Q        娤 뢠  ᢨ⥫   ᬥ諨
                pp饬 ⭮襭 祫  p.
    :-?        ᯮ  p  ⮫쪮   -
                ᫨.
.
                                    - 50 -

    :-P        Hᬥ諨  .
    :-S        ᮣᮢ ⢥ত.
    :-D        ⥫⢮ p,   p⭮ ᬥ ⭮-
               ⥫쭮 㦤 p.
    :-X        ⠭ .   p ",  "  "
                 ".
    :-C          ᮢᥬ .  襢 pp⢮, p-
               ,  p⨥, ᮣᨥ  ⮬.
    :-/        ᪠ 業  祫.
    :-o        ! !   p 砥 "H 祣 ᥡ"!
    :-0         㦨  p 㤨,   p p-
               ⠡,   p饬 砥.
    :-`        롪,  p      "
                p".
    :-$           .
    :-%         (騩  騩).
    :-q         ஭   몮.
    :-a         ,   㣮 ஭.
    :-e        ஢.
    :-\        ⥫쭮
    :-<          ᠬ p p .
    :-v         .


                 p p⮢  ﬨ 

    %-)        ⠢  ࠭ 15 ᮢ .
    8-)        p pp  ᬥ誨,  롪  p
               稢 
    B-)        롪 祫,  饣  窨 ( ᮫楧-
               ).
    O-)        p ᢮   p    ᬥ宬  eao  
               横o.  ᯮ  砥,  ᫨ 祫 -
                p p  ᪥   .
    .-)        Ooa.
    ,-)        oa騩 ooa.


          p p⮢  ﬨ   ᨬ

    |-I         騩 (Homo  Slipius).  㦨    p
                p ⭮⥫쭮 㦤 p,
                                      .
                                    - 51 -

    |^o         pa騩 (Homo Snoritus). pp  ,  
               p饥,      p  ⮪
               ᫨  㯮⥩.
    |-O        ea騩. ᯮ  砥 pp 㤫
               ᫨  祫  楫.
    :')        , 騩 p ᮬ.
    %-6        祭 騩 p,  ᢨ⥫騩  
                p  p  祫  ⮫-
                p⨨ ᫨.
    8-|        p pp, ᬥ蠭   㤨-
               .
.


                               


           1. ⮭ .   RELCOM  p .  - .: -
              , 1991.
           2. p .. ⠥  . - .:  "", 1992.
           3.  . p p . - .: H㪠  孨,
              1993.
           4. p筨 "p  ᨨ. 㣨 㭠p-
               裡". - .:  ".", 1992.
           5. .p. .  .p. p殮 稪
               p    p IBM  PC.  -  .:
              p, 1992.
           6. Sportster   Modems   Installation   &   Troubleshooting.
              U.S.Robotics, Inc., 1993.
           7. Jennings    T.    FidoNet    History    and   Operation,
              San-Francisco, 1985.
           8. FidoNet Policy, v4.06, 1989.
