
                  WINDOWS FOR WORKGROUPS



                                   


       

      
       ணࠬ ⥢ ᯥ祭  ................................
        饣 㯠  .........................................
       ஭   ..............................................
       ஥ 䠪  ................................................
         .....................................................
       ⥢ ਪ ணࠬ  ...................................
          ࠢ  ......................................

      
        㯯  .................................................
          .................................................

     
       ᭮ 㭪樨   ..........................................
       । ଠ樨    .....................................
       ⠭⨧  OSI  ...................................
       ।   ࠪ⨪  ....................................
       ⥢ ணࠬ ᯥ祭  ................................
       ணࠬ த  ⥩ ⨯ ࠢࠢ   ..........

                           

     3.11 ணࠬ Microsoft Windows  for  Workgroups  (  WFWG)
⠥    㤠筮 㭨ᠫ쭮 ᨥ ப ⭮  ୮
樮 ।.  ᭮  ⫨稥    筮  ᨨ  Microsoft  Windows
 ,   ணࠬ  ⥣஢ ⥢ ࠩ, 騥
ᯮ짮   ⮫쪮  ⤥쭮 饬 ,     .  ஬ ⮣,  
樮  ।  祭  ᪮쪮    ணࠬ,  ⥫쭮  
ᯥ 䠩 -   ᫠   ।  ᨩ,  ७  ᯥ
   ஥ 䠪.    ணࠬ "樮 ।  ࠡ
㯯" 砥 ,   ணࠬ ।祭  ࠡ    ᪮쪨  ,
祬 ࠢࠢ 짮⥫, ꥤ  ࠡ稥 㯯.
    ᥣ譨   襥 ᫮ 짮⥫ ᮭ  ஢
ᯮ  Windows   ࠧࠧ ࠭ ਪ ணࠬ  ᢮
ࠡ.  ।   ਧ  㦨      প  
⢥  㭨ᠫ쭮 ᨥ 樮 । Windows.

                                   

   ⥢   Windows for Workgroups 3.11    뢠 
㣨 ⭨   짮 ଠ樥 饣 㯠.
      ᭮  ⨯  :    ⤥쭮  뤥 ࢥ஬,  
஬, 㦨騬 ,   ࠢࠢ ,   Peer-to-Peer.
   ᯮ  WFWG  3.11,          䨣  ,
ᯮᠡ     㦤 襣 ०.    ⥢ ᨥ WFWG
3.11,     ଠ樥  ,   ᯮ ᮢ⨬
⥢  ணࠬ,  ⠪  Novell NetWare  VINES  Banyan.   
ࠡ    ⮬      ⤥쭮  饬  ,      
室    ᮧ  ,        Windows for
Workgroups 3.11 ,   ᥬ 室묨  ⢠    ᯥ祭
ᯥ譮 ࠡ  ᭮묨 ਪ묨 ணࠬ MS-DOS.

                        ணࠬ ⥢ ᯥ祭

    ⮣,   ⮡    䨧᪨  ᮥ    ᮡ  ,
室 ᯥ樠쭠 ணࠬ.   ணࠬ  祭  ࠩ      
ਪ  ⨫,  騥  ⢫  묨.    室 
 ⠢ 㭨ᠫ쭮 ᨨ,    室      ⠫樨
㪠 ⨯ .

                              饣 㯠

      ᯥ  䠩    ᯥ       짮
ᠬ 饣 㯠,  ਬ ⠫  ਭࠬ,  ᫥  ⥬,
  ᯮ    .  ᯥ  䠩    ⠫    襬
 㯭묨   짮⥫ .  ६    ⨬    
砥   ⠫ 饣 㯠 -   㧭  ᨬ,  
ࠦ  砫 .   ᬮ ப஫஢,  㦠 䠩 
।⠢塞   饥 ᯮ殮 ⠫.
     ᯥ    뤥  ਭ,  室
  饥  ᯮ殮,  ⠪         ࠢ ࠢ ᯮ짮 
짮⥫ .  ,   ਭ 饣  㯠  祭    
    襬  ,   ᬮ  ,  ࠦ ண 
। 騬 楬.    ᯥ   㢨 ᯨ᮪ ।
뢮      㬥⮢  - ।     䠩  䠩 㣨
짮⥫.

                               ஭ 

   ਪ ணࠬ Mail - ஭ ,    
䠩  ஭묨  ᪠    ⠫묨  ⭨  .    
।  ᪨   ,  ࠭   䮫    浪,  
⠪ ࠧ᪠  . ᯮ 㭪 裡  ७ ꥪ⮢ OLE,
   ⠢  ᪨ ࠧ ,  ⠪  祩 ஭
⠡, ⥪, 㭪  ..

                                ஥ 䠪

   樮 ।   Windows   for   Workgroups   3.11   ᮤন   ணࠬ
䠪ᨬ쭮 裡, 뢠 Microsoft AT Work PC Fax  砥 ᨬ,
ࠦ  ண      砫 .  뫠   䠪 
 ᨬ    ⮣,  ࠡ⠥            ⤥쭮  饬
.  PC  Fax  ࠡ⠥  筮 ணࠬ ஭ ,  ⠪ 
᢮   ணࠬ    ⠢  㤠.    ࠡ        
⢨  䠪-    㣨 짮⥫ﬨ  뫠 ᪨,   
䠪,  -  ஭ .      ਭ  䠪,  ᫠  
ࠧ  䠪ᨬ ன,   ⠪  ஢,  ᭠饭 .
 ।⠢ 롮:  뫠  ਭ 䠪   ࠭    ࠭,
      㬥    ᯥ⠭  .    襬  ᯮ殮  ⠪
᫥ ⥫ 㤮⢠,  ⠪,  ਬ,   ࠭ 
প  ६ 뫪 䠪,   ⥫䮭   㦥,  
㢥祭 ࠦ  .
   ⢮ ।⢠  ,    ।  㯠 
뫠  䠪 ᮮ饭   ,  ஬ . ⮡ 
᢮  ⢮    뫠  㬥,    ᯮ짮 "஭
".

                                   

   ணࠬ  Schedule+ ।祭  ⮣,  ⮡  
 祭 ,  祭       ⠢  ⮪.
᫨          ᥡ ᯨᠭ 襣 ࠡ祣 ,  
 ᯥ   㤮   ଠ.  ஬  ⮣,      ᬮ
      㤭,    室   ࠡ祣 ⮫,  
⠫  童  ࠡ祩  㯯    ᢮  ᯨᠭ,  ⮡      
ᮣᮢ ᢮ ᯨᠭ  訬.

                          ⥢ ਪ ணࠬ

      ⠢   WFWG   3.11   室   ᪮쪮   ਪ   ணࠬ,
।祭     ᯮ짮    .      ਢ    ᨬ,
ᮤঠ騥   Network  ⪮ 襬  祭.

   Chat
      ⮩  ணࠬ      ⠭  ६  ᥬ
㣨 童 ࠡ祩 㯯 ।⢮   ᪠.
   Net Watcher
    ணࠬ ᯮ,  ⮡ ஢,   㣨 童 ࠡ祩  㯯
ᯮ    饣  㯠  -  ⠫    ਭ.   ⠪ 
,     ᮢ ᯮ   .
   WinMeter
    ணࠬ ।祭      㭪樮  ﭨ
襩  ⥬.    뢠,      室 
襭 襩       㣨 童 ࠡ祩 㯯.
   WinPopup
     ⮩ ணࠬ    ᪠  㣨 殬  
  ஬,    ⠪  뫠 ᪨ ६ ᥬ ⭨ ࠡ祩
㯯.  ஬ ⮣,  ணࠬ ᮮ ,    ਭ    
㬥.
   Log On/Off
   ।⢮ ⮩ ணࠬ        ,  室
 Windows.  ⨬   㣨 짮⥫    ଠ樨
  襬   ,  ,     訬 ᠬ  
室 ஫.
   Network Setup
     ⮩ ணࠬ          ,    ன  
ࠡ,  ⠭     ᯮᮡ ⢫ 䠩  ਭ஢,  
⠪  ࠩ ⥢    䨣, ᫨ 﫨  
뢠  襬 .
   ClipBook Viewer
    ணࠬ   ।⠢         ,  㤠    
ଠ,   㦭 ६,  ࠭   ᯮ짮    
㣮 ,    짮  ᢮ ஬   ࠭, ⠪ 
ࠬ 㣨  ⭨  ࠡ祩  㯯,    ⠪  ࠧ  ଠ
㯭      ,    ⠭   ⠪  㬥⮬,    
७ ꥪ⮢ (OLE),    ࠭    
 ଠ 饣 㯠.

                              ࠢ

   ᯮ⥫ ணࠬ,  祭   ࠢ   
⪮䨣஢   ⮬ 襣 㤮    饣  ணࠬ
ᯥ祭.
   ᯮ  Network ()   ࠢ ( ᨬ   冷
 砫 )  :
  - ᢮      襬      ࠡ祩  㯯,   ன 
ࠡ⠥;
  -   ਩  ⭮⥫쭮 襣 ,    
㣨 ⭨ ࠡ祩 㯯  ६ ᬮ  ᯨ᪠  ஢  ࠡ祩
㯯;
  -  ஫  室   ⥬;  -  ⠭  ।  
襣     ਪ ணࠬ   ᮧ ଠ樨 饣
㯠;
  - ᫥,    ᯮ  ଠ  饣  㯠;  -    ᯨ᮪
ணࠬ, ᪠   Windows for Workgroups.

   ᯮ   Fax  (䠪)      ࠢ   :
   -   뫠  ਭ 䠪.

    ।   㦥  ࠧ ⠫  ⠪ ࠦ  "稥
㯯"  (Workgroups),  ஥,  ᪮॥  ᥣ  室         
祭,    - ७  﫨   .   ᠬ  
᫮⠭ ࠥ  ᥡ 楫  䨫,    ன    ᭮  
㭨ᠫ쭠  樮 । Windows.

                              

   祩 㯯  뢠  ᪮쪮  易    ᮡ  ஢,
ꥤ    襭      .  ਬ,  ࠡ  㯯 
 壠   ᮧ  ᮢ⭮ ࠡ   㤭
ᮮ⢥饣  ࠧ.  ୠ       
᪮쪨 ࠡ 㯯.
      ࠡ祩  㯯    ᢮  
   ந쭮,   筮  ᢠ   祫,
  ࠡ饣.
    㯯      ନ஢         ࠡ        
஥⮬.ਬ,    ࣠ ࠡ 㯯,    ।,
㤮  ᯥ樠    䨭ᠬ,    ⮢    䨭ᮢ
 .      ࠡ  ࠧ ⤥,    ⠢
६ ࠡ 㯯,  ,  ,  , ⮡  
ଠ樥 饣 㯠  ࠡ  ⮬.
    ଠ樥  ந室   ࠡ稬 㯯,  ᨬ 
⮣,     㪠 ᯮᮡ  뫨 ନ஢,  ଠ樥
  ࠬ  㤥  ந室    ॡ,      
易.
   㭪樮஢ ஢  ० ࠡ祩 㯯 砥 짮⥫,
室騬   ⠢,    ⢫ ᠬ.   㦭 䨧᪨
६  - ⮡ ନ஢ ࠡ 㯯,  筮 ᢮
ᥬ ࠬ,  室騬  ⠢ 㯯,    .        
⠫樨 ணࠬ  ,   ⮬  室.

     㦥,  ୮,  﫨  ࢮ  ,  ࠧࠡ稪    ᨨ
樮 । 뢠,   ।,  ⥢ ᯮ짮 ⮩
ᨨ.  ,   ⫨稨 , ᪠, Windows 3.1  Windows NT,  ⮦
ࠡ    ,      ࠧ㬥  뤥  饩   
⤥ 㯯 짮⥫.

                                  㯯

   뤥 ஢      ࠡ稥   㯯   ந室    ⠤  ࢮ
⠫樨 Windows for Workgroups.  ᫥ ⮣,   ணࠬ 㦥 ⠭,
   ⮯   ࠡ祩  㯯        ࠢ,  ⨢
ਪ ணࠬ Network ().   ࠡ祩 㯯   ᨬ
 15 .

                                  

         ᢮ ,  ஥     15
,   ᢠ  ⠫樨 ணࠬ.  ᫥ ⠫樨  
    Network ().
   ꥤ ஢  ࠡ稥 㯯  ࠡ    ᨥ  Windows
for Workgroups 3.11 । ࠪ  묨.   ࠢ:
   -    ,  ᨬ   ꥤ  ࠡ稥  㯯,
    騬 ਭࠬ  騬 ⠫;
   - ⠪   ਪ  ணࠬ,  :  Mail  (஭  ),  Shedule+
(),  ࠡ ⮫쪮  ।   ࠡ祩  㯯.    ⮣  
  ࠡ祩 㯯 ᮧ ⮢ ⤥ (ଠ Microsoft ࠧࠡ⠫
⥫ ,  騩  । ᯮ짮 襭
ਪ ணࠬ.  ⠢  ⤥쭮  ᭮ ணࠬ).
    襬 砥 ।⠢  奬  ࠡ ᫥騬 ࠧ:
㬥, ⮢     ,  祭  1    ࠡ祩  㯯
"壠",    ᯥ⠭  ਭ,  祭   P1
ࠡ祩 㯯 "".
   ।   ।⢮  ணࠬ  Mail  ⮫쪮  । 
ࠡ祩 㯯.
   : ᫨   ꥤ      ᪮쪮  ஢,    
쪨    ।  ଠ    ࢮ ⢥  ணࠬ ४
뤥  ࠡ 㯯.   쭥襬  㢥祭 ᫠ ஢, 
  ࠡ 㯯.

                               

    ࠧ⨥    ᮢ६    孮   蠥   ஢   ॡ,
।塞  ୮ 孨.   ⠥  ꥤ  
  㧥    ࠧ    ந⥫쭮,   ⮥
襭 ⮩ ஡ 砥  ꥤ ஢   .

                             ᭮ 㭪樨 

   ᭮묨 㭪ﬨ ୮  :
   -  묨;
   - ᮢ⭮   ᯮ짮   ᮢ   (ਬ   );
   -   ଠ樨.

   設⢮ ᯮ㥬  ᥣ      ⤥쭮  騬.  㣨
᫮   ।⠢ ᮡ 祭 ⥬,   ᢮ ஬,
⥫  ଠ樨,  騬  ன⢮.
        ।⠢      室 ਪ
ணࠬ,   ᯮ   ࠡ.       ࠡ⠥
ᨬ    㣨,      ਭ樯 Stand Alone.᭮ ஡ 
⮬   묨  ࠬ,  ᪮  ࠧ 室
ᯮ짮 ஬ ⥫ ଠ樨, ਬ ᪥, ਬ  ..
   ஬ ⮣,  室,   易      ஥      ୮
⥪   筮   ᮪   -      ஢  ॡ  
⭮  ணࠬ ᯥ祭.
    ᯮ짮 ⠭ ⥩  㤭⥩  .  
짮⥫  頥  業ࠫ쭮  १ ᢮ ନ,  
㦨          뢮  ଠ樨,  ᭮  室  易   
ਮ⥭ 魮 ࢥ.  ⢥,   ⠪ ࠪ ꥤ
    짮⥫  㯭      ணࠬ,    ⠭   
業ࠫ쭮 .
   ⥩訬 襭 ⠢ ஡ 뫮  ꥤ  ⤥쭮  
஢        (Local  Area  Network).      
। ࠭祭  㤠 ஢    㣠  ᨬ쭮
ﭨ   -  ।  .  易  ᮡ 
  ਩ ன⢠   묨.    ⫨稨
  ⥪    뤥  ࢥ     २⢮ - ᫨  
室     ஢    ந室  ᡮ    ,      
ࠦ  ࠡ ⠫ ஢.
       砥   ᯮ짮   쭮      뫮   ᮥ
㭨᪨  ஢    ᪨ ஢.     ⮬
 ⨯ ᮥ 稫  "஢".
    ⥫  㤮⢠  砥  짮⥫    ࠡ    ?
-,      ᪨  ன⢠,  ਬ,   ᪮   㣨
஢,    ⮬  祭  ᪨ ᪮ 쬠 ந쭮.
, ᪠,  䨧᪨  :    ᥤ ஢ 㤥 
祭 :,   㣮 :.
     ᠬ ⭮   騬 ன⢠.   稨 讣 ᫠
짮⥫      室   न஢   ⢨   .
 襭  ⮩    ࠧࠡ⠭  ᫥   ਪ   ணࠬ.
ਭ樯 । ଠ樨  ᬮਬ  .

                           । ଠ樨  

    饭            ᪮쪨  ⭨    
⢫   ࠧ  ஢.  ᭮  ᫮  ଠ쭮  饭
,    ⭮,  .      ᬮਬ  ⮬ ਬ ᭮
㭨樨  .
   ।⠢ ᥡ,      १      ᢮  㡮
ﬨ   ⮬.   ᮦ,      ᨨ,  㣮 -
  .   ⮬       த  몥.  ।  訬
ﬨ      ஡.  室 騩    孨᪮ 襭
஡ 裡 ᨨ  .
   筥   ⮩ 孨᪮ ஡.  ⠭       
।.  ⮩  㤥 ந室 । ᫥,  ..   
⨪  㣮.  襭 ஡ 몠 ਤ ਡ   
ॢ稪.
   । ॢ稪  ⠥      ஡  -    몥  
  ᮡ.   १⮢     祭, ᪮
   㤥   ॢ稪  ᢮ 몥. ६  ⨬,
ॢ稪 ᮫⭮  ࠢ,      ⥬      १,
 - ⮡ ࠡ⠫ ।⢠ 裡,    ⥫䮭 ,  ⭨
  - .   㦥  孨᪮ ᯥ祭.  
  । ଠ樨   ⭨   㣮 ⢫
 ਧ⠫   ᪮,   ᠬ          ⨪  
᭮  । ந室  ᠬ  ᪮.
    奬 ।  뫠    ᭮  ୮    
ਧ  ⠭⭮.  ᫨      ⭨    㤥 ਤন
᭮ ࠢ,  ।  奬,        ஡
㭨樨.

                          ⠭⨧  OSI

   ஢ 奬   ।   ଠ樨       뫠  ⠭⨧
㭠த ࣠樥  ⠭⨧樨 ISO (International  Standartisation
Organisation).  ⠭⭠  奬 ⮨  ᥬ ஢ ⠪ 뢠 
OSI (Open System Interconnection).

   7. ஢ ਪ ணࠬ:
      ਪ ணࠬ  ⨫; 㦨 ᯥॡ ;
   6. ஢  ।⠢:
      ।⠢ ଠ樨; ன   樮 ।;
   5. ஢  :
      ࣠  ᨭ஭ ;   ଠ樥;
   4. ஢ ਥ-।:
      ᯥ祭   ଠ樥  묨 짮⥫ﬨ;
   3. ⥢ ஢:
      䨣 ⥫ ଠ樨  ᮥ ⪮ ;
   2. ஢ 裡:
      ᯥ祭  । ଠ樨  ⪥ ;
   1. ᪨ ஢:
      । ⮢ ଠ樨 १ 䨧᪨ ⥫.

    ஢  -  䨧᪨  -  । ।⢠ । ଠ樨.  
設⢥ ᮢ६  ⥢  ⥬  ,    ࠢ,  ,  ਬ
⥫䮭  ᨠ.
   ன ஢,    ஢  裡,  ।  ᯮᮡ      
⥫ ଠ樨,    砥  -  .
   ⨩  ⢥ ஢,  ⥢  ࠭ᯮ,  ⢥  "㯠" 
"࠭ᯮ஢" .   "㯠" 砥      ⤥
⮢  ଠ樨    ᡮ    ⠪ 뢠 .  楤 "㯠" 
ᡮ ଠ樨 뢠  ⮪      ᯥ  ᯥॡ
। ଠ樨.
   ஢   ⮣  ᥤ쬮 ⢥  ਥ,  ஢  뤠  
⠥  筮 ॡ⥫.

                          ।   ࠪ⨪

    ࠪ⨪ ⥢ ᮥ ।⠢,  ࠢ,  ⨯ ⥩:
Ethernet  TokenRing.   ⨯ ᮥ, ⭮騥  ࢮ  ஬
஢ ⠭⨧ ,   騬  뭪.   ࢮ  砥
  ᮥ  ᯮ  ᨠ  ,   ஬ - 妨
 ⨯ IBM-1.    ࠡ  -᪨  裡.
    ࠡ       ᯮ짮 ࠧ ⮪,  롮 
,  ᭮   ணࠬ ।. ᠫ쭠 樮
। Windows for Workgroups ন ࠧ ⮪,  ⮬ ᫥: IPX,
SPX,  NETBIOS,  NETBEUI,  TSP/IP,   ⠪    㣨,  ᭮    
⠢ ⥬ ࠢ ,  㦨  ⮣  ᥤ쬮 ஢
⠭⨧    ।      ,  騬   ந⥫
ࠢ ⥢ ⥬  ୮ 뭪 ਧ ଠ Novell,  
뢠 60-70% ॡ⥩ 뭪.
    ਪ  ணࠬ,    ⮬  ᫥  ᠬ । Windows,  室 
ᥤ쬮 ஢  ,  .  ,   ,   쭮 ਠ,   
ࠦ - 孨᪨ 㤭  ஢.  ᮦ, 
 ᥣ ⠪.

                        ⥢ ணࠬ ᯥ祭

   ।  뭪 ⥢ ணࠬ ᯥ祭     ᢮  ᭮
    ਭ樯.  ᭮ ⫨稥 砥  ⮬,   ⥢ 
ন ணࠬ ᯥ祭,  ⨯ 饭    ⥢  ⠬  
   樮  ⥬      ᭮  ணࠬ  த,  
ꥤ ஢     奬  ࠢࠢ    ᯮ,  
ࠢ, MS-DOS,  ࠭祭  ⪨ 樮 ⥬, ⢥,
ࠦ  ந⥫쭮 .   ⠡  3.1  ਢ    ᭮
ணࠬ த,  ᯮ㥬  ꥤ ஢  襭
奬.

             ணࠬ த  ⥩ ⨯ ࠢࠢ 

   Artisoft LANtastic
   ணࠬ LANtastic  Artisoft  ᠬ 襢  㤮  ⮬,
ࠡ騬  DOS   Windows   ⨯ Peer-to-Peer
   Novell Netware Lite
   ணࠬ Novell   Lite   (祭)    "訬  ⮬"  魮
⥢    Novell  Netware  2.xx/  .xx,  ।祭    ⥩  
뤥 ࢥ.   ࠡ⠥   DOS, ⠪   Windows.
   Microsoft Wondows for Workgroups
    ணࠬ    ஡ "஬"  Microsoft  뭪 ⥢
ணࠬ ᯥ祭.  ࠡ⠥ ⮫쪮  । Windows.

      뤥 ࢥ 室 ࠧ  樮  ⥬
ᯮ  ࢥ   祭   ⠭. , ਬ, Novell
ᯮ ᢮ ⨬஢ 樮 ⥬,      ন
⠭樨, ᯮ騥 ⠪ ⥬,  DOS, OS/2,Apple Macintosh  Unix.
