
                           
                   ࠡ  ⥬:
            "ࠡ⪠  ᫥ ⥬
              祡-᫥⥫᪮  "
                ࡠ  ᠭ஢,
        㤥 .-53, ᯥ樠쭮 "孨"
         쭥筮 孮᪮ .

     ।⠢   業  ࠡ ᮤন -
᭨⥫   ꥬ 102  ࠭  ⭮  ⥪,
 37 .,  7 ⠡,  14 .   6 ⮢ ᪮
ਠ ଠ 3.
      饥  ६  ஬諥 ப ࠭-
 稫 ࠧ ⥬ ⮬⨧஢  ஥-
  ().   ⭮,   ஥஢  
() ப ᯮ ⥬ P-CAD,  ࠧࠡ⠭  ମ
Personal CAD System.
      ⮢  ᯥ樠⮢  ࠤ孨᪨  ᯥ樠-
⥩  楫ᮮࠧ  ࣠  祡 ᫥⥫
ࠡ 㤥⮢  ⥬ ⮬⨧஢  ஥஢-
 ஬諥 ஢.
      裡  ⨬,  ।⠢  業  -
  㠫쭮.
      ࠡ ਢ  ᮢ६ ⬮, ᯮ-
㥬  ࠧ ⠯ ࠤ孨᪨  -  
⨢ ꥬ ,          
஢.   ਬ ࠧࠡ⪨  ,  ⫨
⠢ ⭮  ,  ந  ᫥  -
⥩ ணࠬ  P-CAD.  ਢ ⮤  
⮬᪮  ࠪ⨢ ० ணࠬ PC-PLACE, -
।  ᫥⥫쭮  ⢨ ,  
 ᨬ쭮 ᯮ짮 ᮢ  ⭮  .
  ࠢ⥫    ⬮  ஢  ணࠬ
PC-ROUTE.  ᪮ 䥪⨢   ਬ-
   㡥⥫쭮 뢠 ᭨ 㤮
ࠡ ஥஢騪  祬   ࠧ.
      ᠬ⥫쭮 ࠧࠡ⠭ ணࠬ,  ᮤ-
 ᠭ 讣 ⢠ ,  
⨢  ꥬ ஥㥬   ࠧ ⭮
,    ᤥ ⥬ P-CAD.
     ᭨⥫쭠 ᪠  ᮤন 讥 ⢮ -
,  믮 ।⢠ ୮ 䨪,  ⭮
  P-CAD, Picture Maker, Paint Brush  .
     ᪨ ਠ ।⠢ ⠬,  ᯮ묨
   ࠢ ணࠬ PC-PLOT. ⮢ 
樮 ᫠,   室 ᯥਬ⮢  -
來 ⮡ࠦ १ ᫥.
      ࠡ - ⮤ ᫥   ᯥ-
ਬ⮢ -   ᯮ짮  ࣠樨  -
 ࠡ  ᭮  P-CAD,   ⠪   
ࠧࠡ稪 , ᯮ騬  ⥬.
      ࠡ 㦨 業 "⫨筮",   -
 ࡠ .. ᢮ 䨪樨 ࠤ.




     砫쭨 ⤥ 
      ਬࠦ஥                      ..类
.

           쭥 孮᪨ 
       䥤 ࠤ஭  ୮ 孨


                                             ""
                                             .䥤ன
                                         ____________________
                                        "___"__________ 1993.






                              
                   ஥஢
            㤥 ࡠ  ᠭ஢


     1.   ࠡ:  ࠡ⪠    ᫥  ⥬
祡-᫥⥫᪮  .
     ⢥ত ਪ   No 191/1  22.03.93.
     2. ப ᤠ ࠡ  01.06.93
     3. 孨᪮   ࠡ
        3.1. :  ᫥    ࠧࠡ⪠  ⥬   
쥢 祡-᫥⥫᪮  .
        3.2. 蠥  :    ⬮     ⮤
஢    ;  pp⪠ pp p
p⨢ ꥬ ; ᫥ ⬮, ᯮ-
    ⥬  ⮬⨧஢ ஥஢  ᭮
  P-CAD;  孨-᪮  ᭮   p
pᬠp   p諥 p⢮.
     4.   ।⠢ ᭨⥫쭮 ᪮  p-
᪨ p.
     5. ঠ ᭨⥫쭮 ᪨:  ; p -
p⬮, ᯮ㥬    (p p⨢ -
,  ⭮ , p   pp
 ); ᫥ ⮤ pp  p-


,  ᯮ㥬     ᭮  P-CAD; -
᪮ ᭮ p pᬠp   p諥-
 p⢮; p (pp p p⨢-
 ꥬ , pp   pp).
     6. 祭 p᪮ p ( ଠ 3):
1) ਬ I.  䮭. 奬  ᪠ ਭ-
樯쭠;
2) ਬ I.  ᪨ ⭮ .
3) ਬ I. ஢  ᫮ COMP.
4) ਬ I. ஢  ᫮ SOLDER.
5) ࠬ - ࠢ 䥪⨢ ⬮ ஢.
6) ࠬ - ᭨ 㤮  ७ .
     7. ⠭  ᪮ ࠧ ࠡ
        _______________________________________ 襭楢 ..

      뤠   10.03.93.
     㪮⥫  ஥஢

        _______________________________________ ᭨ ..

.

                          

ࡠ ..

             ࠡ⪠  ᫥ ⥬
              祡-᫥⥫᪮  .
         ࠡ. , 1993, 102 ., 37 .,
                   7 ⠡., 14 ., 6 .

        ࠡ  -   ᫥      ࠧࠡ⪠
⥬  쥢 祡-᫥⥫᪮    ᭮-
  P-CAD,  ⭮ ணࠬ   ஢
 ,   㤮  㦤饣  -
⨧樨 ⠯ ஥஢ ࠤ஭ .
      ࠡ ਢ  ᮢ६ ⬮, ᯮ-
㥬  ࠧ ⠯ ࠤ孨᪨  -  
⨢  ꥬ  ,        
஢.   楫   ⨢  ꥬ
஥㥬   뫠 ࠧࠡ⠭ ணࠬ RTN (IBM PC,
Clipper),  ᮤঠ ᠭ  2000 ⮢ -
 ⭮ .  ਬ ࠧࠡ⪨  ࠧ⨯
 ந  ᯥਬ⮢  楫  ᫥  -
 ணࠬ  P-CAD.  ਢ ⮤ 
 ⮬᪮  ࠪ⨢ ०  ணࠬ  PC-PLACE,
। ᫥⥫쭮 ⢨ ,  
 ᨬ쭮 ᯮ짮 ᮢ ⭮  .
  ࠢ⥫    ⬮  ஢  ணࠬ
PC-ROUTE.  ᪮ 䥪⨢   ਬ-
   㡥⥫쭮 뢠 ᭨ 㤮
ࠡ ஥஢騪  祬   ࠧ.  ७ -
  ⥬    ஬諥 ।⨨ ப 㯠
⠢ 2-3 .
      ࠡ - ⮤ ᫥   ᯥ-
ਬ⮢ -   ᯮ짮  ࣠樨  -
 ࠡ  ᭮  P-CAD,   ⠪   
ࠧࠡ稪 , ᯮ騬  ⥬.
.



                          

                                                     4

1.                           6
1.1.  ⭮   ᪨ ᮥ      6
1.2.                         11
1.3.  ஥஢ ⭮ ⠦             19
1.4. ᮡ ᮥ ⠪⮢                           39

2.  ,     P-CAD   41
2.1. ⠭                                       41
2.2. ਬ I.   䮭.                      41
2.3. ਬ II.  楫 .                         65

3. -    P-CAD  81

                                                  90

                                            92

ਫ I. ணࠬ RTV.                                93
.


     

      㢥祭  ⥯ ⥣樨 ᮢ६ ࠤ-
஭  () ⢥ ⠥   㤮
 ஥஢.  易  ⮬ ࠧ୮ , -
蠥   ࠧࠡ⪨.  䥪⨢  ।⢮  襭
⮩ ஡  ਬ ୮ 孨  
⠯ ᮧ .  ᫥ ६ ⮤ ⮬⨧஢-
 ஥஢,   ࠤ஭  楫, 室
 ⠯ ६⥫쭮 ᮢ襭⢮. ᪮ ᮪-
䥪⨢  ⠫  ।, ⮤ 設-
 ஥஢ ⥯ ॢ  㬥,  -
   ࠪ᪨ .
       ࠤ஭  ⮬⨪  ᫮  -
᪮  ᭠饭  ⥫㠫쭮  ⥫쭮  
᢮  ।⢠ ⥬᪮  ணࠬ -
஢   襭  ஥஢  ᯫ樨 -
   .  ⮬, ࠢ 祭 ᯥ-
⮢    ᯮ짮 ୮ 孨  ணࠬ
ᯥ祭    ,    쬠   㠫   
᫮  ப  ७    ࠪ⨪ -
 .
      饥 ६  ஬諥 ப  ࠭-
  稫 ࠧ ⥬ ⮬⨧஢ ஥-
 ().   ⭮,   ஥஢   
(),  ਤ ⥣ࠫ 奬 (),  ᡮப () 
㣨    ⨢  ப  ᯮ  ⥬
P-CAD,  ࠧࠡ⠭  ମ  Personal CAD System.   業
ᯥ樠⮢ ⥬ P-CAD  ᮬ ஬  ।
㣨  ⥬  筮  祭,  㭪樮  
ᮭ   IBM PC.
     C⥬ P-CAD (Personal Computer Aided Design) ।-
祭   ⮬⨧஢  ஥஢    .
  砥  ᥡ ।⢠, 騥 짮-
  ᮧ  ᠭ  ࠤ஭  ⮢  (),
᪨  ਭ樯  奬,     ⭮
,  ⠢     ,  ⠪  ⮬-
᪨,  ⠪ ந ஢ ⭮ . -
   뤠  ਭ, , 蠡.

                            - 5 -
                              $$$
      ⮢  ᯥ樠⮢  ࠤ孨᪨  ᯥ樠-
⥩ 楫ᮮࠧ    ஢  ( -
 ) ࣠ 祡 ᫥⥫ ࠡ
㤥⮢   ⥬ ⮬⨧஢ ஥஢ -
諥 ஢, ᫥  ⮬ ᫥騥 楫:
     - ନ஢ 筮  ।⠢   ᭮-
 ,    ਭ樯 㭪樮஢ ஬-
 ⥬ ⮬⨧஢ ஥஢;
     - ᯮᮡ⢮ 祭 ᢮ࠧ "㭤" 
饭  쭥襬 ᢮ 㣨 ஬諥 ⥬ -
⮬⨧஢ ஥஢.
     室 ࣠樨  ⠪  ࠡ 짮⥫ 
।⢠     ० ⠢    ࠧ-
⪨ 祡 ⥬  ஥஢, ਥ஢-
  ᯫ . ᬮ७ ⥬  ᭮ -
  P-CAD ।祭  ஢ ࠧࠧ -
ன   祭 ⮤  ⬮ ⮬⨧஢
஥஢.
         ࠡ  ᫥ ࠧ-
 ⬮  ⮤,  ᯮ㥬 ⮬  P-CAD  
襭   ࠧ饭 ࠤ஭ ⮢  -
஢  .    ⠢ ᭮  ⥬
祡-᫥⥫᪮ , 易  ᠬ -
  ⮯,    㤮  㦤饣  -
⮬⨧樨 ⠯ ஥஢ ࠤ஭ .
.
                            - 6 -
                              $$$
     1.     

     1.1.  ⭮   ᪨ ᮥ

     ᯮ짮 ଠ ⮤ ஥஢ ⮯
஢    ⠦    ॡ 襭 ᮢ 
୮ ।⠢  孮⥩ ᫮ .
     室 ᫮   ४⭮      ⠦
࠭⢠  ॡ  ⭮  ⮡ࠦ  
  䠪஢, ।   ࠭祭 ம-
  ஥஢ ⭮ ⠦.    ᭮ -
ࠬ஢  ᫥ ⭥: ᫮ ᫮  ࠧ 
᫮ , न   ⠪⮢, ⨬ 
  ஢       ,  
  ஢.
     襥 ࠭  ࠪ⨪ ஢ -
 ⮣쭠   . ᬮਬ ࠢ -
 ⠪ .
        ᫮ ,  饩 ⠪, ஢
  ,    ॣୠ ⪠,  ࠧ-
 ⢠  ⨪    ਧ⠫    
  祥 ࠧ஬ (dx x dy) .
      祩 ᮮ⢥   ਧ,  祭
ண     ᫥ 権:
- 祩 ᮤন ⮪ ஢,    ⠪-
  ,    祩   १  ⨬ ப
  ஢;
- 祩  ᮤন ᫥  .
      dx    dy  롨    ᫮:   dx >= Hmin,
dy >= Hmin,  Hmin - 쭮 ﭨ  ﬨ 
ࠫ ᨣ ஢.
      ,  뢠 ⠦ ࠭⢮ ᫮
, 㤥 뢠 ⭮ ⪮.
     ᠭ ⭠  筮  ନ
 ।⠢  ୮       㬥୮
᫮  ᨢ-,     ண -
-筮 ᮮ⢥  祩 ⪨.  ⢥-
騩 祩 㫥  砥,   ᢮  ப-
 ⭮ ஢, 㫥  ⠭  

                            - 7 -
                              $$$
ப.
          ᫮ﬨ ⠦ ணࠬ ।⠢-
     嬥୮ ᨢ-  M( x, y, z),  
祭  z ᮮ⢥ ࠬ ᫮ .
     ⪮ 筮  ⮡ࠦ   ⠦   -
࠭⢠   让 ꥬ ୮ ,  -
㥬  ।⠢ ⮩  .      饣
६  ⠥  ୮.
     ᬮਬ   ࠧ饭   ୮ -
   ⥬  樨  ⮢.  㠫쭮 
 易  襭 த⢨ ⬮ -
஢, ᯮ   .   設⢠ ᮢ-
 ஢ ࠪୠ ୠ   ।⠢-
  ᨢ ( ⭮, 嬥 M( x, y, z).
   M( x, y, z) ⭮⥫쭮 砫쭮
  V । ࠦ

         kj = (zj - 1) * Xo * Yo + Xo * (yj - 1) + xj    (1.1)

 kj -   V;  Xo, Yo - ᨬ 祭 -
ᮢ x  y   M.
     ।⠢ 奬 樨 ⮢   -
 V    ⢥ ⮪.  ⢨⥫쭮,  
࠭  ஭ (..1.3.6)   -
樨 ࠡ⪨ ।  믮  ﭨ
  ᮮ⢥⢨  . 1.2.
        砥  ᬮ७ ⢫   
᫮, ਬ Zj = 1. ᫨   ⥪饣 -
  M( x, y, z),  Xj  Yj,    V   
 kj  ᮮ⢥⢨  (1.1).   1, 2, 3, 4
(. 1.2)       V  ᮮ⢥⢨ 
᫥騬 ࠦﬨ:

                      1.   kj = kj + Xo
                      2.   kj = kj + 1
                      3.   kj = kj - Xo
                      4.   kj = kj - 1
.
                            - 8 -
                              $$$

            Zj = 1                      Zj = 2
            Ŀ               Ŀ
          3  G  H  I              3  P  R  S 
            Ĵ               Ĵ
          2  D  E  F              2  M  N  O 
            Ĵ               Ĵ
          1  A  B  C              1  J  K  L 
                           
       Yj  /  1   2   3            Yj  /  1   2   3  ]
              Xj                          Xj

                  )                          )

   V
    Ŀ
  A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  ...  R  S 
    
   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10  11      17  18
  Kj
                              )

     . 1.1.    ᯮ  ⮢  
୮ :  ,   - ᫮ ।⠢ ⮢
 M( x, y, z) (Xo = Yo = 3);   - ᯮ ⮢
 M( x, y, z)  ୮ .


                            Ŀ
                             1 
                               
                     Ŀ
                      4 <  O  > 2 
                     
                               
                             3 
                            

     . 1.2. 奬  ᥤ ⮢.
.
                            - 9 -
                              $$$
     祢,   ⠪ ᯮ ⮢  -
 㤠,  ⠪  ॡ     -
⮢   饭  . ࠪ⨪ ஢
뢠,  樨 롮ન   ⮢  -
࠭    ஭    ।  -
⢨ ⬠.  ⮬ 㠫쭮 祩  
 ਠ⮢ 㯠 ⮢ ᨢ  ,  -
 ᮪ ⢮ 饭  ᫥.
        襭  ⮩        쭮
।⠢  ࠡ祣     ୮  [1],
 㯠 ᨢ ந  ᫥饩 㫥:

kj = [(xj + yj)*Yo + yj + (zj - 1)*Xo*Yo] mod( Zo Xo Yo) (1.2)



              T,       T <  q
T mod(q) = {
             (T - q),  T >= q

      1.2  ।,      嬥୮  
M( x, y, z)   ᫥ :

                       x E [ 0, Xo - 1]
                       y E [ 0, Yo - 1]
                       z E [ 0, Zo - 1].

      . 1.3  ।⠢  㯠  ⮢
 M( x, y, z)   V.
      (1.2)   뢠,   㯠-
 룮 ⫨砥  ।饩 ⥬,   , ᥤ-
   ⥪騬 (.1.2)   ࠭  
஭, ᯮ  ୮  ୮  ᥤ-
.  ᯮ ⮢  ᮪ ᫮ -
饭           ६ 롮ન 
ᥤ   ⮢.   騩   ⥫   䥪
।⠢ 㯠 ⮢   ,  ணࠬ
᪠   ⮤  室  "",  
 ᫮ 室  ⥪騩 .  室  

                            - 10 -
                              $$$

            Zj = 1                      Zj = 2
            Ŀ               Ŀ
          3  G  H  I              3  P  R  S 
            Ĵ               Ĵ
          2  D  E  F              2  M  N  O 
            Ĵ               Ĵ
          1  A  B  C              1  J  K  L 
                           
       Yj  /  1   2   3            Yj  /  1   2   3  ]
              Xj                          Xj

                  )                          )


   V
    Ŀ
  A  R  B  D  S  C  E  G  J  F  H  ...  N  P 
    
   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   10  11      17  18
  Kj
                              )

     . 1.3.   ᯮ ⮢    
୮      쭮 ।⠢ ࠡ祣
.


  ᫮  㣮 믮 ᥣ ४⭮   㢥-
祭 zj  .
     , ,  쭮  ।⠢   ࠡ祣
  ⢫ 䥪⨢ ஫   ᮬ
࠭  ஭,   祭 
 室  ࠭ ࠧ ᨢ.
.
                            - 11 -
                              $$$
     1.2.    

     1.2.1. 騥  ࠪ⨪ 

         -   ࠧ饭    ࠭⢥    
᪮ ,   ᪨ ᮥ  ᮮ⢥⢨
  ਭ樯쭮  奬,   ᯥ祭 ⨬ 㬠
ࠧ  ⢨,          祭
 室 ࠬ஢ .
     ࣥ᪮ ᮢ襭⢮   ८ࠧ -
 筨 ⠭  ࣨ 室 ᨣ ( ᥣ
 = 10e-3...10e-10) - 稭    ⥯뤥,  
⢮    ॡ  ࠧ⨥ 孮 権 
᮪ 䥪⨢ ⥯⥫.
       ⨢   ॡ  ଠ쭮 -
 । ࠭⢠,   ஬   ࠡ -
 ᪨   .    ॡ
㢥祭 ꥬ 樨   ᯮ짮 ᯥ樠-
 ࠭.
      ᫮  ᯫ樨,  ࣥ᪮   ᮢ-
襭⢮  ,  室       "ꥬ"
᪨    - 稭  ᫮  ஡
    ,     ।騬 䠪஬
 롮 ⮣   筮 襭 .  ⮬
묨  ﬨ     楫   -
᪨   ,  , ᪨ 騥
 ᮢ㯭  ᢮.    뢠 饭-
 ᪮  ().
        ꥬ        [2]  -  稭
ᯮ짮  ࠪ⨪  ࠡ 饭 -
     ⠭ ꥬ V  頤
S .  V (S) - אַ㣮 ࠫ  (אַ-
쭨),  ᠭ    ⮬  ᨬ -
 ࠧ஢,  ॡ  ⠦  ॣ㫨஢   -
⥫ ꥬ  ࠭⢠, ᯥ稢  -
 ࠡ   ⥯뤥, ᪨  -
 ⢨.
       (V  S) - 㭪 ਨ      
०  ࠡ.    樥 㧪 ()  -

                            - 12 -
                              $$$
 (0.1...0.3)   ᯮ짮  饭  ᮮ⭮襭
  ᫥ V  S  ନ஢ ⠭ ࠧ-
ࠬ (.1.4):

               V = 1.5 * Amax * Bmax * Hmax
               S = 1.3 * Amax * Bmax

      祭   > 0.3...0.5 ᫥ V  S -
㤭,  ⠪  室 ᫥ ꥬ  ᪮
  ᫮묨 ࠧ騬 (.1.5),   ॡ  -
砫  ࠭ ᫮.

     1.2.2. ᪠ 

      ᭮ ᪮   ࠦ

       Vs = Kv * SUM( Vi) = ( 1/Kv) * SUM( Vi)
       Ss = Ks * SUM( Si) = ( 1/Ks) * SUM( Si)

 Vs (Ss) - 㬬 ꥬ (頤) ;
    Kv (Ks) - 樥 㢥祭  ꥬ  (頤),  -
              騥   祭   ᫮ ᯫ樨 
              ࠢ 5..1 (3..1);
    Vi (Si) - ⠭ ꥬ (頤) i- 
    Kv   - 樥    ꥬ (0.2...0.1)
    Ks   - 樥 ᯮ짮 頤 ,  
              .. (0.33...1).

     ꥬ         筮            ।
0.4...1.6 /^3.

      ⨢  ꥬ   襨 -
⮤ ॠ  ணࠬ RTV,  饩 ᪮  ࠧ-
⪮ (ਫ I). ணࠬ ந  ꥬ -
  頤 ⭮ ,   ⠪  ᮮ頥 ४-
 ࠧ  .      ணࠬ 뢠 
2000 ⮢ ⢥ ⭮ ,   㤮-
   ᯮ짮.   ⮢  ᯮ짮
.
                            - 13 -
                              $$$
 ࠧ ⠯ ஥஢ ,   ⭮ 㦨 
⢥ 室 ଠ樨    .


     1.2.3.     

       砥  ᮧ   ᫮
  ᫥饣  ᨭ⥧  ⮯ ᪨ ᮥ
 믮 ᪨  孮᪨  ࠭祭.
  襭     讥 ﭨ 뢠 ⨯
஥㥬 .   ᨬ  ⨯   (஢,
    ஠)   ࠧ  
।    ⮤  襭.
        ६ ᪨ ꥪ-
⮬ Ti( Xi,  Qi),  Xi, Qi - ࠬ ⠭ , 
⮬ 奬 ᮥ.    ⮨  -
樨 業 ⢠ ( X1,  Q1,  1,...,  Xn, Qn, n), 
᫮ 祭 ᪨ ꥪ⮢,  ᮮ⢥-
   ⮢  ᯮ    -
 .
        ࠬ᪮ 祩  ⨬-
樨.  ᪨  ᨬ ⨬㥬 
 ࠬ஢  ⥭,   裡   ⨬  襭
  饩 ⠭ .   ࠧ-
    ,  ᮣ  ᯥ䨪
஥஢ 㡡 .
       ࠧ饭  㬬ୠ  ᮥ-
  ᨬ쭮 ᫮ ᮥ  祭 .  -
  ⥣  ⮨   祭 砫쭮 ࠧ饭  
᫥饬  襭   鸞 樮 -
, ਬ塞  ࠧ 浪.


     1.2.4. 饭, 騥 

      ࠪ᪨ ,   ஥஢
 ன ,   뤥 ᫥騥 ࠭-
祭, 騥 ⠭  㯠: ࠭⢮ -
஢ 㬥୮; 㣮  ⥬ न -

                            - 14 -
                              $$$
 ⭮⥫쭮 ⥬ न   ਭ -
: 0', 90', 180'  270'; न ᯮ ⮢
    㯠    ਭ  ⮫쪮  筮
⢮  祭;    ⨯ ⮢,   ᪨
ꥪ,   אַ㣮쭨.


     1.2.5. ᫥⥫   㯠  ⮢  
               ⪮ ᠤ 

       ⢮ A 室  k  T1, T2, ...,
Ti, ..., Tk.     䨪஢  
.   㯠 ந  ᫥饩 ᫥⥫-
:
      1.  ન   ᠤ   
⪨,  ⮬ ᫥ 뢠 䨪஢ ;
      2.  롮  .  ⢠ ⮢ A -
ࠥ   Ti.  ਨ 롮   ࠧ묨.
ਬ:  롮  訬 ⠬,  襬 -
 ⠪⮢,  襬  ⮢  ;
      3.  ந  ᫥⥫쭮-筠  㯠
⮢ ࠭        ⢮  ᠤ
.  ᠤ  ⬥;
      4. ஫ 㯠 ⮢    -
 ᠤ  㯠 ⮢.
      5.  ஢ઠ   쭥襩 㯠. -
      ᢮ ᠤ  㯠
⠢訥 . ᫨ , 室  ᫥饬 -
,   ᫥⥫쭮 㯠.
      6.    ᠤ , ⠢ ᫥
㯠     ⮢.  न  ᠤ
    쭥襣  ᯮ짮  ணࠬ
⠭.
      7.  ஢ઠ  襭.   ⮢ 㯠-
?  ᫨ , 室  ஬ 蠣,  㯠 -
襭.
     ᬮ७       ॠ樨,   ॡ
讣 ꥬ ୮ ,  ६    -
.
                            - 15 -
                              $$$
    ⢠  ⮢  ࠪ᪨  
 ⢠ ⮢   .


     1.2.6.   ⮢         ⪨
            ᠤ 

       砥  室   ⮬᪮
஥ ⪨ ᠤ .  ࠭⢮ ஥஢
뢠 ⪮ ⮢ t1 x t2   ஥஢  To
।⠢   㯮冷祭  ( t1, t2) ᮢ -
   ⮢ - 権.      -
஢   ⠭   Ti( Xi,  Qi),
 Xi=( t1i, t2i), Qi={ 0, 90', 180', 270').
      㯠  ᢥ   (୮). 
  ᯮ짮  襭 ⮤ 楫᫥-
 ணࠬ஢,   ᪮ 祭 १.


     1.2.7.   ⮢ ⮤ 

      襭  㯠   ⪨  ᠤ
  ᯮ짮    אַ㣮쭮-
   אַ㣮 ⮢,   ண ⮨  
᫥饬:   ᪨  ࠧ஬ X  Y  m אַ㣮-
 頤 ࠧ஬ xi  yi, i = 1...m. ॡ  -
襥 ⥫쭮 襭 㭪樮쭮 ࠢ:

f(x,y)=MAX{ max( f(i,y)+f(x-i,y)), max( f(x,i)+f(x,y-i))} (1.3)
           i=0..x                 i=0..j

ᯥ稢饥 ᫮

f( x, 0)  = f(0,y) = 0,   f(xi,yi) >= Ci,                 (1.4)

 Ci - ⮨ i- ⠫.
.
                            - 16 -
                              $$$
     㭪 f(x,y),   訬 襭 ࠢ
(1.3)-(1.4), 筮-ﭭ,  뢠  x  y  ᪠-
 ।⠢

     f(x,y) =       max  (  fj  ),
              j:xj<=x,yj<=y

 { xj, yj, fj} -   ஥ ᥫ.

      ⮤ ⮨  ᫥⥫쭮 ஢ -
 (1.3) ⥬   ஥  ᫥騬 ࠢ.
         ஥ (xj, yj, fj), j = 1..R.
ਬ,  xj<=X, yj<=Y   j1,j2 

     x'(j1,j2) = xj1 + xj2,
     y"(j1,j2) = yj1 + yj2,
     x"(j1,j2) = MAX{ xj1, xj2 },
     y'(j1,j2) = MAX{ yj1, yj2 }.

         ࠫ ᥫ n,  k  ᯨ᪠
n ஥ (xj,yj,cj),  ᯮ  ⠪,    ᫨  i=1..k  
j=i..n,   xi<x,  xi=xj  yi<yj.  k ஥ -
 砫 ᯨ᪠.  ⠡쭠  ᯨ᪠,  㤥
 ⮫쪮   㢥祭.    ᯨ᮪ 㤥
  n ஥,  稢.
      㯠:
      1.  砫쭮 ନ஢    砫. 
ᯨ᮪   騥 . ᫨ - -
 ࠧ蠥 ॢ稢,    ᯨ᮪,  ஬  ன
(xi,yi,ci),  砥  ன (xi,yi,ci)k=0. 室  蠣
4.
      2.  砫.  n-k ஥,  室  -
砫,  롨ࠥ ன  訬 x,   ᫨  ᪮쪮,
  ,   ன  y.   ன ⠢  k+1-
, k ᢠ 祭 k+1.
      3.    ᯨ᪠.     i=0..k ନ
ன:  (x'(i,k),  y"(i,k),fi+fk)  (x"(i,k), y"(i,k),fi+fk).
   ,   㤮⢮ ࠭祭,   
ᯨ᮪   n.

                            - 17 -
                              $$$
      4.   ᯨ᪠. ⢫  ୮
ࠢ ஥.  ᫨  ⠪ i  j,  xi<=x, yi<=yj
 fj<=fi,   j- ன ᪫砥  ᯨ᪠.  祢, 
   ஥ 砫  㤥 ᪫祭.  ᫨ ᫥  ⮣
᪫祭 ,   n=k,   蠥  f(X,Y) =
max(fj),  室  蠣 2.
      ⮤   ॠ樨   ॡ 讣
ꥬ .

      ⬮   ⠦    ᫥  ⠪
㯮    ᮢ⭮  襭    㯠  
⠭   ⮪  ᠤ  ,  ᠭ  
[1].    ⢫   ⠯: 㯮冷祭 -
⮢, 㯠 ⮢, ⨬ ࠧ饭, 祭-
  㯠.
     設⢮  ஬諥 ⥬   
ਬ ᠭ ⬮  砫 ஢ -
 ⥫ ⨬ 祭 ਠ⮢ ࠧ-
  -  ந  । ⮢  ஭ ,
祭 楯  ஫   뢮  ᮥ⥫,
७祭      ⠪⮢  ⠫.    
⢨   室    ⮢  
  ஢  ᫥饣  ⠯  ࠧࠡ⪨    -
஢ ⭮ .


     1.3.  ஥஢ ⭮ ⠦

     1.3.1.  ஢ ᮥ ⠦ 

        ᭮ ⠯ 孨᪮ ஥஢ 
  ப ⠪ ᪨  ᮥ-
      ⠦      ᮮ⢥⢨   묨
᪮-孮᪨ ࠭祭ﬨ       
ࠧ.      稫  ஢ -
᪨ () ஢.   ஢  㫨-
 ⠪:    ⢥ ᫮ ⠦  -
 ।   ᪨ ᮥ, ᯥ-
   㭪樮஢   ஥㥬  ஭  -

                            - 18 -
                              $$$
ன⢠.   ࠭ ਥ ⢠ -
஢  ( ⠪  । 䠧 ⠯ 孨᪮ ஥-
஢)  業 ( )  ࠧ  楯  
⭮襭     饬 .   拉 砥  孨᪮
஥஢  ᫮      ()   ⢮
஢ 業 ᫮ ᫮, ॡ㥬  ॠ樨
  ᪨ ᮥ.
      ஥஢ ⭮ ⠦  ᯮ짮
 㣨 ਨ ⢠,  ⠪  ࠭祭  -
᪨ ᮥ     楯, ᯥ祭 -
㥬 ࠪ⨪ த⢨ ஥㥬 ன⢠.
  拉 砥  ᯥ祭 ⮩稢 -
  ࠫ ⪮  ᯮ 
஢, ਭ ࠧ 楯.  ᫥  -
  饥 ६ ⠭   㠫묨    -
⢥ ࠧ  ᫮  ᨭ⥧  ஢-
  窨 ७ 㤮⢮७ ᭮  -
 ஢.
      ⮬᪮  ஢    ⠢
  ஢  ࠪ⨢ ०  ॠ-
 ᮥ.  ⮬  ࠡ祬  ஢ 
࠭   ஢.
      ᨬ樨  ᫠  ⮬᪨  ஥ 
室 । ஢ 뢮 ⮢,  -
    ᮥ. ᯥਬ⠫쭮 ⠭,
 ⭮ ஢ 㬥蠥  ᯮ짮 २-
⢥ ࠢ      ᫮ (  ᫮ ஢-
,  ᭮,  ਧ⠫ १,   㣮 - -
)  ஥   浪 㢥祭 ᫮.
      饥 ६   㭪樮 ப  -
 ⥬,  ᯥ稢  ⮬⨧஢ ஥஢
⠦ .      ⠯  ஢  
"㧪" ⮬  ⥬ 孨᪮ ஥஢. ᬮ-
    ᮢ६ ⬮ ࠧ饭 
஢, ஡ 祭 ஥⮢  ॡ㥬 ⢮
⠥ 襭.   ᫥騬 䠪ࠬ.
     1. ⠯ ࠧ饭  ஢  ᨫ   㤮
  ணࠬ  ॠ ࠧ  ᫥⥫쭮 -
塞 蠣.

                            - 19 -
                              $$$
     2. ⮤ 襭  ࠧ饭  ஢  -
  ᪨ ।뫪 , ᫥⥫쭮,  ࠭-
  㥬 ᮥ    -
⨢.
     3. 饥 設⢮ ᮢ६ ⮤ ஢-
  ஢ ⭮   ⬮ ᫥-
⥫쭮 ⨯,  ᯥ稢 믮 ଠ쭮 -
  ਪ-⮯᪨  ᨬ⥩  ᯮ -
  ⠪⮢     楫 ᪠  ⨬쭮
㪫 ᪨ ᮥ.
     4. ࠪ᪨    ᯫ㥬  ⥬  孨-
᪮  ஥஢    䥪⨢  ணࠬ
।⢠ ࠧ ⭮ ⠦  ⮬᪮ ०.
     ᫥ ᮡ  ।  ਢ  ⮬,  
஥, 砥  ⮬᪮ ०,  ॡ  ᥭ
ࠡ⮪ ஬    ᥬ  ⥪騬    ⮣ -
⪠.


     1.3.2. 室 ଠ  襭  ஢

     室   ஢ ।   ⠢-
  室   ஥஢   ᫥
믮 権   祭 (..1.2).  -
  室  ଠ    ஢ ।⠢ 
⠬:  ᯨ᪮  㥬   ⠪⮢      
।⠢  ⭮ .
     襭  ஢ ᮥ ।  ।-
⥫쭮 믮 ᫥ ᭮ ⠯:
1. । ᯨ᪠  ஢,      
   ஫  ࠬ ࠧ ⠪⮢.
2. । ஢  ᫮.
3. । ᫥⥫쭮  ஢  ஢  
    ᫮ (祭  ᮥ     -
   쭮 ஢).
4. ⢥ ஢ ஢.
.
                            - 20 -
                              $$$
     1.3.3.  ਬ

      ࢮ ⠯ 室 ,   ᫥⥫-
 ᫥ ᮥ ⠪  楯  (..  ⠭
祭 ஢    楯     ⠪⮢),
⮡ 㬬ୠ   ᮥ  楯  뫠  쭠.
  ᢮   ஥ 쭮 뢠-
饣 ॢ.  .1.6 ਢ ਬ ⠪ ॢ  -
 ⠪⮢.
     襥 ࠭   襭  ⮩    
  稫  ਬ [3].   ࢮ 蠣 -
⬠  ந쭮 ⠪  n 室  -
設  ᮥ ॡ஬.  ⠫ n-2 蠣  ⢠
ᮥ ⠪⮢ 롨ࠥ ,    室
  ᥣ    㯯  㦥 易 ⠪⮢  ᮥ
砩訬 ॡ஬.  .1.6  ࠣ ॢ ( x1,
x2,  x3,  x4,  x5) ᫥ ⢥⮣ 蠣 ⬠,  訩
⠪ x6  砩襥 ॡ ( x5,  x6),  饥 
 ।   ॡ,  㭪஬.   -
 祭    ஢  楯    .1.6  㤥
[(x1,x2) (x2,x3) (x2,x4) (x4,x5) (x5,x6) (x6,x7)].
      ਬ  ਬ  । ᫠ -
祭 ஢  業 ⢠ 襭  ࠧ饭.
      ⭮  ⠦  訥 १  祭,
᫨ ᪠ 쭮 ॢ  न⭮ ⪥; ⠪ -
ॢ  뢠  ⮣ ॢ (.1.6).
ᮡ  砥  ⮬,   ஥ -
 ᪠  ⥫ 設 x1'  x2',  -
 ॢ 뢠 ॢ ⥩.   襭   
 ⠭ ਬ ⮣쭠 ਪ  ࠧࠡ-
⠭ ,   ਬ.


     1.3.4. । ஢  ᫮

     ।   믮  ᯮᮡ:
.
                            - 21 -
                              $$$
     1. ᫥⥫쭮 ஢ ᮥ   -
। ᫮,  ᫥ 祣 室      ᫥饣
᫮  (  ⠪ 室 砥 讥 ᫮ ᫮  -
ࠢ୮  ).
     2. 뢠   ᫮ 祭 ஢,
ᮢ饭   ᫮,   ⥬ ஢  ।  
᫮.
       ᫠  祭  ஢  
⢨     ࠧ ।⠢ ᮥ 
⠪⮢  ᪮:
     1.   ।⠢   אַ १-
   祭 ।  ࠢ    
(.1.7).
     2.  ।⠢  ⮣쭮 ࠭⢥
  祭 ।  ࠢ , ࠫ-
  न (.1.7)    䠪  ४  -
 אַ㣮쭨,  ஥  ᮮ⢥ -
⠪⮢ (x1,x2)  (x3,x4)  .1.7.
      業   襭 ᫮  祭 
 ਬ୮  䥪⨢.


     1.3.5. । 浪 ஢ ஢

     । 浪 ஢ ஢   ᫮
易  ⥬,  ᯥ ஢ । ஢ -
⢥    䨣樨 㦥 ஢ .  
   ଠ ⥮᪨  ⮤,    
襭 ࠧࠡ⠭ ࠧ ᪨ .
     襥 ࠭ 稫 ⮤, ᭮ 
業  ஢.    室:
     1.  ஢  浪 ⠭  -
 ஢ ( ⢥ 業  ਭ -
砩襥 ﭨ  ᮥ塞묨 ⠪⠬).    ⮤
᭮    ⮬  ᮮࠦ,   ⪨ ஢ 
 䫨 権.
     2.   ஢   浪 뢠  -
, ⠪   ஢ 㤭 ஢.
.
                            - 22 -
                              $$$
      窨 ७ 쭮 㬬୮  ᮥ 
室  ਬ୮    १.  㣨  ⮤
㯮冷祭 易  ⮬ ⥯ ﭨ ஢ 
 㣠   頤  ४    אַ㣮쭨
(.  . 1.7),  ⮬ ᫠ ⠪⮢,   -
 אַ㣮쭨,   㣨 ﬨ.

      䥪⨢ ᯮ짮 ᮢ ᫮  -
⭮   蠥  ।  ஢-
  ᫮ﬨ.  ६  䫨⮢  
楯ﬨ   ࠭ ⥬ ࠧᥭ ᮮ⢥ -
 ஢  ࠧ ᫮    ⢥  -
 ⢮ ஢.


     1.3.6.   ஢ ᮥ  
            䨪樨

     । ⢠ ⬮ ஢ ᪨ ᮥ-
  ࠭     
( ).    ᮪ ⥯ 魮,  
ॠ樨   ப ᯥ ਬ  ஢
᫮, ᫮  ,   .. ᭮ 
"ᬮ"  ਠ⮢ 襭  롮    -
, 㤮⢮饣 ॡ ⠢ .
     襭   ᯮ짮  ⬠ ।-
  ⠯:   ࢮ ⢫   
襭 - ࠭ ,  ஬ 롨ࠥ 襭,
㤮⢮饥 ᫮ ⠢  - ஥  -
⭮ ᫥.
         ஢ ।⠢ ᮢ-
 ⮢ (..1.1).   ⢮ ⮢  D
ࠧ   ⢠ D'  D".  ⢮ D' -
  ᥡ   ,   ⨬ ᯮ-
  ப १    ஢.  -
⢮ D"  ⮨    ⮢,  १   ⨬
ப .     D ᢮    ᫠:
ᮢ 樥 Pj, ।騩 ᮡ ᯮ
j-    ;  ᫮ Aj, ࠪਧ-

                            - 23 -
                              $$$
饥 䠪        ࠭
᫮ .
        न⠬ (Xi,Yi)  (Xj,Yj) 㤥 -
 ᥤ, ᫨   믮 ᫮:

                  Xi - Xj + Yi - Yj = 1.

     ᥬ ⠬ D" ᢮ 祭 P,  ࠢ ஬
讬 .   奬  ⬠  ⭮
    ।⠢ ᫥騬 ࠧ.
      1. ⪠  ⮢  D'  A=0. 㫥
祥 ᨢ ஭⮢ X  Y.
      2. ᪠ 窨 "⮪"  (Xo,Yo).
      3.  Ao := Po; K := 1; X(1) := Xo; Y(1) := Yo.
      4.  Xj := X(1);  Yj := Y(1); ᫨ X(1) = Y(1) = 0, 
३  .6.
      5. ᫥⥫쭮     न-
 (Xi,Yi), 㤮⢮騬 ᫥饬 ࠢ:

                  Xi - Xj + Yi - Yj = 1.

     ᫨ ࠪ᪨ ᫠ 㤮⢮  ६
 ᫮: Pi <> OO  Ai < Pj + Pi,  K := K + 1; X(K) :=
Xi; Y(K) := yi,  Ai = Pj + Pi;  த  権  蠣  5
(᫨ Pi  =  OO    Ai >= Pj + Pi).  ᫥ ᬮ  ᮮ-
饩 ࠡ⪨ ⮢  蠣 5 믮 ᤢ  -
ন ᨢ X  Y   祩 .  ३  -
⮬ 蠣.
      6. 砭 .
     ਬ ࠡ  ।⠢  奬   ⬠
ਢ  .1.8.


     1.3.7.  ⮤ ஢

      ⮤ ஢ ।   ᠬ-
⥫ ࠢ 襭    ⮯᪮  ᨭ⥧.
  ⮤  । २⢠ । 㣨,  
  ⠪  ⪨.  襥 ࠭ -

                            - 24 -
                              $$$
  ⮤ 稫  ஥஢  ⥣ࠫ-
 奬.     ᪫砥  ᯮ짮  ࠪ⨪
஢ ⠦ .
     ᭮ 楩     쭮  ஢
 , ।⠢騩 ⢮ ᢮  -
஢  ⨪     ਧ⠫   -ࠫ,
ᯮ    鸞  饭  ஢ .
  ᥤ  ⢫  १  ⠪
뢠 室   १   ⠦.
      쭮   ஢   筮   ࠧ   
᪮쪮 ⠯ [ 4, 5].

      .

      ⮬ 蠣  㦥 ࠧ饭,    ࢠ  
   ஢  ஢ ⠭  -
,   室   ࢠ,    -
ঠ ஥  ࠭⢮    ஢ 㣨 楯.
  㦭 ᮡ   ਭ ࢠ, ᪮-
, ᫨      㤠    ࠧ ⥩  뤥
࠭⢥,  ᤥ ।   訬 
⮣,   稭      ࢠ  ⢨-
⥫쭮.
       ࠧ  ⮥ ࠭  -
⮢  ,   ।  ᫮  אַ㣮쭨
⮣ ࠭⢠. ᭮ 楫  ⮨  ⮬, ⮡
믮 ࠧ   ; "" ଠ쭮 -
। ⥬  ᫮,  ⮡   ॡ,  ࠧ
אַ㣮쭨 ,  뫠 쭠.   筮,  
樨   筮   ,  ⮬ 
 ਡ  ᪮ ⮤.   ⮩ ਬ
⠪ ᪮ ⮤:

1. த   ࠭ ⮢  祭 㣨 -
    ⮢  ࠭ 奬 (.1.9).
2. ᬮਬ  १ த , 稭  -
    讣.  塞 १,  ᫨   ᤥ 
    襭 אַ㣮쭮 .   ,  
.
                            - 25 -
                              $$$
    㤠 १ ࠭,  ᫨   㤠  ᮧ
   ,   㪢 L  T (.1.10).
3. ᫨ 室, 塞   ࠭ 奬.


     쭠 ஢

     饩 祩   쭠 ஢ 楯,
 ,  롮   楯 ॢ  ,  
  .    ᯮ짮  -
宦 砩襣 .    室  窠
। ࠭  ,  稭   稢  뢮
  ⮩  楯.


     冷稢 祭  

       ⠯ ந室 롮 祪,   ஢-
 ᥪ ⥭  , ⤠ ਮ 롮
 ஢  .


     ஢ ᮥ  

     ࠢ 樨   祪 祭 ⥭,  
஫   ஢     ⤥쭮,
,  ,       ,      
㣮.  ⮣,    㦭 ࠧ 窨  ࠭-
   窨 뢮 ⮢  窨 祭 -
. 筮, ᪮ ਭ  ࢮ砫쭮 롨ࠫ
᫮,  ࠭⨨,    믮 ॡ㥬  -
஢    ᠬ 㬭  뢠騬 -
.  ⮬  祣 㦠᭮,  ᪮,     
    ࠡ⠭,  ᫥ 㢥祭  
   ࠧ 稭 ᭠砫.
       ⮤ 쭮 ஢ 
⮤ ⢮   ⢥ [6].     .1.11.  
  ࠭祭,  饥  ⮬,      㯯
ᮥ⥫  ஢  ᮮ⢥  ਧ⠫쭠

                            - 26 -
                              $$$
 (⢮),   ⮬ ।,  ਧ⠫ -
஦ ᫥ ᯮ짮   砥,  ஢
⨪ ஢ (⢥)   ⮬᪨.
      砨,   쭠 ஢  ᯮ짮-
 ⮫쪮 ⮤ ⢮  ⢥ 뢠 .
,  ਬ,      .1.12,    
 ஢    ஫,    -
 - .  ᮮ⢥  ⮩ ⫨  -
,  ࠪਧ饬 ࠭祭, 易  ਥ樥 -
 (.1.12).  ࠧ, ᫨   -
,   ஢ 室 ।, ᯮ-
    ஢     (.1.12).  
⮬ ⥫⢥ ᭮ ⮤ ஢ ⨯ "",
騥    ⮫쪮  ।०   -
⥫,   ந ஢   㬥襭 -
⢮ ஦ (.1.13).
     ஢    祭  (.1.14)  ந-
    ᠬ ᫥ ⠯ ஥஢ ⮯,  ,
᫨  뢠 ,  ⮯ 室 ஥-
஢ ,   易  ⥫묨 ⠬. -
, 稢  襭  , 쭮 , 
  襭 室 ᯮ짮 , ᯥ稢-
騥 100%- 㥬.   ⭮,  ⮬ 砥 -
  ਬ   ।  ⪥  ᯥ-
 ,   뢠 ᯥ䨪 .


     1.3.8. 祢  ஢

     ⪨  ⬠,  騥   -
 த⢨  ⥫쭮 ꥬ ୮  ,
ॡ㥬   ।⠢   ⭮ ,  
⨬  ࠧࠡ⪨  鸞   ⬮  ஢,  
⭮ 祢.
     ᬮਬ ࠡ 祢 ⬠  ⭮ ਬ-
  (.1.15),   ॡ ।  ᪮
ᮥ  窠 A  B.
      祪  (⮢) 㥬   
11, 12  11, 12 (-  -⨯)   ⮢  

                            - 27 -
                              $$$
⮣  ⨯ ( ⠪    -⨯,   -
-⨯). ᫨ 㦥 䠪 祭 祩 -  -⨯, 
⠥,   ᮥ騩    .   ⨢ 砥
 樨 祩  ⨯  த.    ⮣
१ ࠭ ஥   ௥  -
, ᠭ .  ⢠ 祩 -   -⨯  -
: {11,  12, 21, 22, 23, 24}  {11, 12, 21, 22} 
.. ஥  22 ਢ   祭  祩  -  
-⨯.
     ।⠢     ᮪   த⢨,
ਡ⥫쭮      浪  ,  祬  ,  
஢ ᪨ 痢,  "⥭樠쭮"  -
 ᫮ ⮢ (1  2).  ᪥  ᫮ ᮥ-
  த⢨   ਡ   -
.
      楫 襭 த⢨ 祢 ⬠    
砥   ᮥ ⨬ ⮤ ᮪饭
"ᬮ" ਠ⮢.  祩  ண i 믮-
    窨 j,    蠣 d, 祭
ண  ணࠬ ஢ ⠭ 짮⥫.
     뢠 ᮡ  ६ ࠪ⨪  
祢 ⬮ ஢,     ࣠
⠯    ஢.     ࢮ  ⠯  ᯨ᮪
㥬 楯 ࠡ뢠 ।⢠ 祢 -
,    ஬ - ⠢訥 ࠧ묨 楯 
।⢠  ⬠,  蠥 業 ࠧ-
 痢.
     襥 ࠭ 祢  ⮤  稫  
஢     ॣ ᯮ-
 ࠫ.


     1.3.9. 稥 ⮤ ஢

      ⮤ ஢,  ࠢ⥫쭮 ,
 ⬥ ⢥  ⮤  ਩  ஢
[1]    ஥஢  ⮤ ४樨.  ᭮ ࢮ
⠢  ਭ樯,  ᮣ᭮  ஬   ஢   
㥬 楯  ᮧ " "  -

                            - 28 -
                              $$$
஢ ᫥ 楯. ⮬ ਭ樯 㤮⢮ ᯮ-
  ᨭ⥧㥬  ஢    ਨ    
஢.
     ஥஢ ⭮  ⠦  ⮤  ४樨
ᬠਢ ஢ ஢    樮  -
, ࠧ⨥ ண ᮯ஢ ﬨ  ﭨ
 .


     1.4. ᮡ ᮥ ⠪⮢

      饬 砥 㭮 ᮥ । ॢ
⥩,  騬  ᪮쪮  祪 ⢫ (.1.16).  
த   楫 㬥襭 প   -
࠭  ᨣ    ஢  ᭨ ஢ ࠦ
⥫쭮 ਬ   ।⢥  ᮥ  室
।饣   ᪮   ⨫    室  ᫥
(.1.16),    ᯮ 室 ᫥ ᪠ 
 設 (.1.16).
.
                            - 41 -

     2.  ,     P-CAD

     2.1. ⠭ 

         ࠡ  ᫥ ࠧ-
 ⬮  ⮤,  ᯮ㥬 ⮬  P-CAD  
襭   ࠧ饭 ࠤ஭ ⮢  -
஢  .    ⠢ ᭮  ⥬
祡-᫥⥫᪮ , 易  ᠬ -
  ⮯,    㤮  㦤饣  -
⮬⨧樨 ⠯ ஥஢ ࠤ஭ .
      ⮣,  ⮡ 㧭  ⬮,  ॠ-
  ணࠬ P-CAD,  ந  ࠧࠡ  ᪮쪨
ࠧ⨯   .  ᪮ ⮤ ஢ 
⥫쭮    ⭮ ,  ᯮ㥬  
஥ (⥣ࠫ 奬  ⠭ , 
  ࠢ᭮ ᮤঠ   㣨),   ᫥-
  롨ࠥ  奬.  ⭠  ࢮ (.2.1)
ᮤন ਬ୮ ࠢ ⢮  ⮢  -
奬.   ᮮ⭮襭  쬠  ࠪ୮  ᮢ६
ࠤ-஭  III  । ⥯ -
⥣樨,      ᨫ쭥   業  ᯮ짮
奬.  奬 (.2.2), ⨢, ᮤন  ᭮-
 ஢ ⥣ࠫ 奬.   ࠧࠡ⪨ ⠪ -
⭮   㦨 ਬ஬  ⮤  ஢
  ॣ୮ ன.


     2.2. ਬ I.  䮭

     2.2.1.  ⨢ ꥬ

     ⮡ ।  ࠧ  ⠦  ஥㥬
,  ந  ⨢ ꥬ.  -
   ணࠬ RTV.  ࠡ ணࠬ
ਢ  ⠡.2.1.
.
                            - 44 -

      2.1.
     ᮪ ᯮ㥬 ⮢
    Ŀ
      ⮢  ⢮  ,   
    Ĵ
     M_0125                    19        6x2.2x2.2  
     KM-5                         4        8x  8x  3  
     K50-6                        1       18x 10x 10  
     KT315                        1      7.2x  3x  8  
     K1553                      1     19.5x7.5x  5  
     K1551                      1     19.5x7.5x  5  
     K1555                      1     19.5x7.5x  5  
     1552                      1     19.5x7.5x  5  
     1553                      1     21.5x7.5x  5  
     5564                     1     21.5x7.5x  5  
     PK-172-TB-1                  2       13x3.5x 10  
     -1                        2       16x 11x  9  
     ꥬ                     13        5x  2x  2  
    

     㬬ୠ 頤 ⮢                1806 ^2
     樥                       0.4
     頤                              45150 ^2
      ஭                          60 x 75 


     2.2.2.  ⨢  

      ⠯ ࠡ 믮 ணࠬ PC-PACK. 室묨
묨      ᯨ᮪  楯  ᪮  奬
(NLT-䠩), ⥪ ⮢ (LIB-䠩)  䠩, ᮤঠ-
騩  ⭮    (PCB-䠩).    砭  ࠡ
ணࠬ ᮧ PKG-䠩, ᮤঠ騩 ᠭ   -
⮢, ⮢  ࠧ饭. ⢥ ࠧ饭
믮  ணࠬ  PC-PLACE,  ᯥ樠쭮 ।祭
 ⮩ 樨,   ஢   । PC-CARDS.
      砭  ࠡ  ணࠬ  PC-PACK   ਬ
 ᮧ PKG-䠩 (.  2.3).  ,  ணࠬ ⠥
⨬ ࠧ饭 ⠫   ࠧ஬ 205  225 ,

                            - 46 -

  ᮣ  ⠢묨  ᫮ﬨ  ਬ୮ 
 ࠧ  ࠧ஢, ४ ணࠬ RTV. -
⮬ 쭥訥 ⠯ ࠧࠡ⪨   㤥 ஢ 
 ࠧ஬ 60  75 , 祭   ⨢-
 ꥬ.


     2.2.3. 饭 ⮢

     饭 ⮢       P-CAD ந-
 ணࠬ PC-PLACE,   ᯥ稢   ࠪ-
⨢, ⠪  ⮬᪨ ० ࠡ.  ࠢ, -
᪮ ࠧ饭  ⮫쪮  ⠯  -
.  祭 । ᪫ ⮢,  믮 設 -
 㤮⢮⥫    ஭  ᮡ  -
᪮-孮᪨ ॡ,  ⠪   ஭ ᯥ-
  100% ᫥饩 ஢.

     2.2.3.1. ⮬᪮ ࠧ饭

     室 
     

     ⭠                                 60  75  
     ⪠ ਢ離 ⨢                100  100 DBU
     ⪠ ਢ離                           50  50 DBU
     । ࠧ饭 ⨢            DIP16
                                                     DIP14
                                                  MLT_0125
                                                      C-PF
                                                      CVAR
                                                     KT315
                                                     K50-6
                                                        ZQ
        PIN (譨 ࠧꥬ)   ⪮  -
        ,  ।⥫쭮 ࠧ饭 
     䨪஢   ⮬᪮ ࠧ饭  .
     (ਬ砭: 200 DBU = 5 )
.
                            - 47 -

     ⨪ ⮬᪮ ࠧ饭
     

      砭  ࠡ ணࠬ ⮬᪮ ࠧ饭
ᮧ PLR-䠩, ᮤঠ騩   믮 ⢨ 
१.

     ६ ࠡ                                     00:00:17
       痢 (mils)                         134511
     饥 ᫮  ⮢                               54
     ᫮ ⥣ࠫ 奬                                 5
     ᫮ ⥣ࠫ 奬 ( ⮢)   10.38
     ᫮  ⮢                           49
     ᫮ ᮥ⥫                                      0
     ⭮ ⮢                           0.69
        (     奬)

     ࠧ饭 ⮢                10
                   (MLT_0125                  7)
                   (C-PF                      3)


     ⮣ࠬ ⮬᪮ ࠧ饭
     

     ணࠬ ஥ ⮣ࠬ  ᫮ ᮥ-
  ⢮ ⠪⮢, ᥪ  
ᮢ,  砥  ⭮襭 ⮣ ᫠  㬬୮ 
  ஢  뢮 १    -
䨪 (. 2.4).  ⮣ࠬ ࠦ ⥯ ᯮ짮-
 :
      -             0-35%;
       -            35-50%:
      -   祬  50%.
      먣 뢠 ⭮⥫쭮 襭 -
ﭨ ⮣ࠬ     ࠧ饭.  -
 ࠡ 䠪 먣 .
.
                            - 49 -

      ணࠬ    ⮣ࠬ ।᪠뢠
⭮   ⮬᪮ ࠧ饭:

     ⨪쭠 ⪠ ⮣ࠬ ( X)
     뤥 128  ஢. ᯮ짮

     ᨬ쭮            40    ( 31 %)
     ।                  0    (  0 %)
     쭮              0    (  0 %)
     ⮣                    5    (  3 %)

     ⨪쭠 ⪠ ⮣ࠬ ( Y)
     뤥 218  ஢. ᯮ짮

     ᨬ쭮            40    ( 18 %)
     ।                  0    (  0 %)
     쭮              0    (  0 %)
     ⮣                   11    (  5 %)

      먣          0

     2.2.3.2. 筮 ࠧ饭

      ⮢,  ࠧ饭 ணࠬ
     

     饭  ࠪ⨢  ०    ࠧ
,     ᬮ  ࠡ  ணࠬ ⮬-
᪮ ,   ⠪  ᫮    ᫥饩
஢,  ⭮   뤥 .
 ⢥ ⢫塞 ⠭  㤨  ⮣-
ࠬ  䠪 먣.
.
                            - 50 -

     ⨪쭠 ⪠ ⮣ࠬ ( X)
     뤥 128  ஢. ᯮ짮

     ᨬ쭮            39    ( 30 %)
     ।                  0    (  0 %)
     쭮              0    (  0 %)
     ⮣                    5    (  3 %)

     ⨪쭠 ⪠ ⮣ࠬ ( Y)
     뤥 218  ஢. ᯮ짮

     ᨬ쭮            39    ( 17 %)
     ।                  0    (  0 %)
     쭮              0    (  0 %)
     ⮣                   10    (  4 %)

      먣          3


     ⠭ ᪨ ⮢
     

     ணࠬ PC-PLACE   ⢨  ⮬-
 ⠭ ⮢ ᪨ ⮢,  -
 ࠧ饭.   ⠯ ⢨ ⠭ -
᪨ ⮢  㬥襭 㬬୮  痢.
     ᪨  ⮢    ⠭,
᫨          ᯮ  ࠧ筮 ⠭.
⥬ ⮬᪨ 믮 樮    -
 ᪨ ⮢  楫 襭 ⥪饣 ਠ
ࠧ饭.  稢  ⨦ 쭮 -
⨬㬠    짮⥫.

     室 1.   痢 216519 mils

      R14    R18
      DD2.1  DD2.6
      R5     R6
      R14    R17

                            - 51 -

      R4     R7
      R20    R5
      DD4.1  DD4.4
      R20    R11
      R3     R16
      DD4.2  DD4.3
      DD1.2  DD1.3

     室 2.   痢 211305 mils

      DD2.6  DD2.5
      R6     R18

     室 3.   痢 208137 mils

      DD2.5  DD2.4
      R7     R18

     室 5.   痢 206106 mils

       ந

       痢           206106 mils
     ६ ࠡ               00:00:08

  ⮣ࠬ ᫥ ⠭ ᪨ ⮢:

     ⨪쭠 ⪠ ⮣ࠬ ( X)
     뤥 128  ஢. ᯮ짮

     ᨬ쭮            38    ( 29 %)
     ।                  0    (  0 %)
     쭮              0    (  0 %)
     ⮣                    4    (  3 %)

     ⨪쭠 ⪠ ⮣ࠬ ( Y)
     뤥 218  ஢. ᯮ짮
.
                            - 52 -

     ᨬ쭮            36    ( 16 %)
     ।                  0    (  0 %)
     쭮              0    (  0 %)
     ⮣                    9    (  4 %)

      먣          5

     祢,      ᯮᮡ⢮  襭
ࢮ砫쭮 ࠧ饭  - 㬥訫   痢 
⭮   .


     ⠭ ⮢
     

      쭥襩  ⨬樨 ࠧ饭 ணࠬ PC-PLACE
।⠢  ⢨ ⮬  -
  ⨯  ⮢   㬥襭 㬬୮ 
痢.
      稢  ⨦  쭮  ⨬㬠
   짮⥫.

     室 1.   痢 109141 mils

      R12  R15
      R5   R9
      R15  R6
      R13  R10
      R7   R3
      R11  R4
      R9   R8
      R2   R8
      C1   C6
      C4   C3
      R14  R16
      R18  R17
      DD4  DD5
      R4   R8
      C5   C8

                            - 53 -

     室 2.   痢  97583 mils

      R15  R2
      R5   R20
      R20  R13
      R18  R17
      R2   R7
      C1   C8
      DD2  DD4

     室 3.   痢   94207 mils

      R15  R3
      R3   R7
      R2   R14
      R18  R16
      R16  R17
      R11  R9

     室 4.   痢   93093 mils

       ந

       痢            93093 mils
     ६ ࠡ               00:00:08

  ⮣ࠬ ᫥ ⠭ ⮢:

     ⨪쭠 ⪠ ⮣ࠬ ( X)
     뤥 128  ஢. ᯮ짮

     ᨬ쭮            34    ( 26 %)
     ।                  0    (  0 %)
     쭮              0    (  0 %)
     ⮣                    4    (  3 %)

     ⨪쭠 ⪠ ⮣ࠬ ( Y)
     뤥 218  ஢. ᯮ짮
.
                            - 54 -

     ᨬ쭮            28    ( 12 %)
     ।                  0    (  0 %)
     쭮              0    (  0 %)
     ⮣                    8    (  3 %)

      먣         10

        襥 ﭨ   
痢  ⭮ .  ।,   -
 ந 쭥 ⨬    ࠧ-
.  ᮡ   ணࠬ PC-PLACE   १-
⮢, ࠡ  ⮬᪮ ०? ⮡ ஢ , -
⨬   ୮ ⨬樨 ࠧ饭 ᪨ -
⮢.


     ୠ ⠭ ᪨ ⮢
     

     室 1.   痢  198750 mils

      DD1.4  DD1.3
      DD2.3  DD2.1
      DD1-D  DD1.2
      R20    R10
      R11    R20
      R7     R3
      R15    R5
      DD4.4  DD4.1
      DD4.3  DD4.2
      DD5.2  DD5.1

     室 2.   痢  196477 mils

      R10    R4
      DD2.1  DD2.4
.
                            - 55 -

     室 3.   痢  196295 mils

       ந

       痢            196295 mils
     ६ ࠡ                00:00:15

  ⮣ࠬ ᫥ ⠭ ⮢:

     ⨪쭠 ⪠ ⮣ࠬ ( X)
     뤥 128  ஢. ᯮ짮

     ᨬ쭮            35    ( 27 %)
     ।                  0    (  0 %)
     쭮              0    (  0 %)
     ⮣                    4    (  3 %)

     ⨪쭠 ⪠ ⮣ࠬ ( Y)
     뤥 218  ஢. ᯮ짮

     ᨬ쭮            29    ( 13 %)
     ।                  0    (  0 %)
     쭮              0    (  0 %)
     ⮣                    8    (  3 %)

      먣          9

      १ ந   痢 ᫮-
 㬥訫,  ⮣ࠬ 뢠 㢥祭 ⭮
  .    ஡ -  १⮬
ᯮ짮  쭥襩 ࠡ.  ਥ 롮 
㦨 䠪,    室 ᯥ ० ᥣ -
㬥襭 㬬୮  痢    -
ࠪ⨪ ,   ᮡ    ஥஢  ᮪-
⭮   ᢥ᮪⭮  ,    㢥祭
⭮   㤭 쭥 ஢ -
 ,    ᮡ  ⥫쭮       ࠧ
᫥.   ⥯     ࠧ-
⪥ ᮪,   䨣樨  ᯥ樠 ॡ 

                            - 56 -

।, 楫ᮮࠧ    ਠ    쭮
⭮ . ⮬ १ ᫥ ⠭ 
ᯮ㥬.


     筠 ⨬ ࠧ饭
     

     쭥襣 襭   ࠧ饭   ⮢    
 ⮬  ⮢  180`  ⨬樥
祭 ⠪⮢ 譨 뢮.   -
 㢥 祭 䠪 먣  15.

     ⨪쭠 ⪠ ⮣ࠬ ( X)
     뤥 128  ஢. ᯮ짮

     ᨬ쭮            30    ( 23 %)
     ।                  0    (  0 %)
     쭮              0    (  0 %)
     ⮣                    4    (  3 %)

     ⨪쭠 ⪠ ⮣ࠬ ( Y)
     뤥 218  ஢. ᯮ짮

     ᨬ쭮            28    ( 12 %)
     ।                  0    (  0 %)
     쭮              0    (  0 %)
     ⮣                    8    (  3 %)

      먣         15

     쭥訥 ⪨   ࠧ饭      ᪮-
-   ⭮   먣,  ⮬    ࠧ饭
(.2.5)   ⥫  ᯮ짮  -
襩 ࠡ.
.
                            - 58 -

     2.2.4. ᫥ ⮤ ᮥ ஢

     ணࠬ PC-ROUTE, ⢫ ⮬ -
஢ , ⮢  । PC-PLACE,  -
 ன ணࠬ ⠪ ⨯      
 ⮤ ᮥ ஢:

     1. DAISY - ᮥ  ⠪⮢;
     2. MIN-SPAN - ᮥ  ⠪⮢  ;
     3. STEINER - ஥ -ࠧ ᮥ  ⠪-
        ⮢  ⮤ ⥩;
     4. STEINER-MINVIA - ஥ -ࠧ  ᮥ  
        ⠪⮢  樥 ᫠ 室 ⢥⨩.

     롮 ⮣   ⮤   ஢    
孮᪨ ᮡ⥩ ⮢ ⭮  /
室 ᯥ ६    ᪨  ࠪ-
⨪ ஥㥬 . , DAISY,  ஬ ந-
 ।⢥ ᮥ 室 ।饣 -
᪮ ⨫  室 ᫥, 楫ᮮࠧ ᯮ짮-
  ஢ த   楫 㬥-
 প  ࠭ ᨣ  ஢  ᭨-
 ஢ ࠦ. ᫨  ਬ  ⮤ -
⥫쭮  ᭨  業  ⮬᪮ ࠧ ,  
ॡ  ६ ࠬࠬ  ᮪,  -
  ᯮ짮  ᮥ  MIN-SPAN,   ஬
室 ᫥ ᪠ ᯮ   設.
     ᮡ STEINET  ஥ -ࠧ ᮥ -
  䥪⨢   筮 ४ ᯮ짮-
, ᫨  .  .1.16   
⮤.
     ஢ ᫥  ⮤,  । P-CAD.  
⢥ ਥ 業   
     - 業  ࠧ 痢,
     -  ஫ ஢,
     - ⢮ 室 ⢥⨩,
     - ६ ࠡ.
      ᫥㥬 奬 46 楯, 109 痢  166 ⠪⮢.
.
                            - 59 -

 ஢   IBM-PC 386DX 40MHz. -
  ஢ ਢ  .2.6.,    ⠡.2.2.  
⠡.2.3.

      2.2.
     ࠢ 䥪⨢ ⮤ ஥ ᮥ
Ŀ
 ⮤               DAISY MIN-SPANSTEINERSTEINER-MINVIA
Ĵ
業 ࠧ        100     100    100       100    
 ஢    107746  107025 100975    101575    
室 ⢥⨩     23      16     22        25    
६ ࠡ (.)  01.25   01.28  01.38     01.45    


      2.3.
     । ६  ஢
Ŀ
               DAISYMIN-SPANSTEINERSTEINER-MINVIA
Ĵ
冷祭             1       1      1       1       
஢             25      19     21      31       
⨬. 室 1.  23      19     22      25       
  室   5       4      5       5       
⨬. 室 2.  32      28     27      32       
שׂ   㣫       2       2      2       2       


     ᫮, 祭 १  ன ⥯ -
   ⭮ 奬  ⢠  ⭮ -
. , ᯮ  ⮣ ᯥਬ,    ᤥ-
  騥 뢮:
     - ஥     ⮤ ⥩  
த⥫.     ᭨  ⠬  ६  
 祪 ᮥ "⢥"  "ॢ" ;
     -    ⮤  ४    
룮    襭 ᫠ ࠧ 痢  㬥襭
 㬬୮ .    ਬ   ᯥ-
 100%  ࠧ 楯,  ⮤ ⥩, ⢨⥫쭮,

                            - 65 -

ᯥ稢  㬬   ஢.  DAISY,
   ।,  뤠 ᨬ쭮 ᫮ ஢,
  ᠬ ਭ樯 ᮥ  ⠪⮢  (⮫쪮
 裡   ⠪);
     - ⢮ 室 ⢥⨩ 쭮   ᯮ-
 MIN-SPAN.   ਬ  ᮡ , ⠪ 
  孮᪨   ⮢.
     ࠢ १  ஢,  ᪨ 
(.2.7 - 2.9)  ᪨  ,  ⮢-
      ன⢠ ᫥  ன ਠ
(MIN-SPAN),   孮 (.2.10 - 2.11).


     2.3. ਬ II.

     2.3.1.  ⭮ 

       ਬ ࠧࠡ⪠  ந   -
  ࠧ ⭮  뫨 । 稪 -
   ࠧ஢  ஥㥬  樨.  
⭮  ꥬ  ந ᭮ ࠧࠡ稪 -
.   ࠧ   頥.     ந-
  ࠧࠡ  ⭮  ࠧ஬ 6090 .  -
᪠ ਭ樯쭠 奬  ਢ  .2.2.


     2.3.2.  ⨢  

      砭  ࠡ  ணࠬ  PC-PACK   ਬ
 ᮧ PKG-䠩 (. 2.12). ,  ணࠬ ࠧ-
 ⠫  頤 ࠧ஬ 100110 , ,    ࢮ
ਬ,   ᮣ  ⠢묨  ᫮ﬨ. 
ᤥ 뢮,    砫쭮 ᯮ ⮢ ண-
ࠬ 롨ࠥ  樥 .   -
     㦨 ४樥  । ࠧ-
஢ ⭮ , ⠪  ⠪ ᪫ ⮢ 
ࠩ .   ஢ 쭥 ⠯ ࠧ-
⪨ ᯮ㥬  稪  ࠧ  ⭮  
6090 .

                            - 68 -

     2.3.3. 饭 ⮢

     2.3.3.1. ⮬᪮ ࠧ饭

     室 
     

     ⭠                                 60  90  
     ⪠ ਢ離 ⨢                100  100 DBU
     ⪠ ਢ離                           50  50 DBU

        PIN (譨 ࠧꥬ)   ⪮  -
        ,  ।⥫쭮 ࠧ饭 
     䨪஢   ⮬᪮ ࠧ饭  .


     ⨪ ⮬᪮ ࠧ饭
     

      砭  ࠡ ணࠬ ⮬᪮ ࠧ饭
ᮧ PLR-䠩, ᮤঠ騩   믮 ⢨ 
१.

     ६ ࠡ                                     00:00:16
       痢 (mils)                         188746
     饥 ᫮  ⮢                               53
     ᫮ ⥣ࠫ 奬                                18
     ᫮ ⥣ࠫ 奬 ( ⮢)   19.88
     ᫮  ⮢                           35
     ᫮ ᮥ⥫                                      0
     ⭮ ⮢                           0.43
        (     奬)

     ࠧ饭 ⮢                4
                   (K1555                   4)
.
                            - 70 -

     ⮣ࠬ ⮬᪮ ࠧ饭
     

      ணࠬ    ⮣ࠬ ।᪠뢠
⭮   ⮬᪮ ࠧ饭:

     ⨪쭠 ⪠ ⮣ࠬ ( X)
     뤥 88  ஢. ᯮ짮

     ᨬ쭮            81    ( 92 %)
     ।                  0    (  0 %)
     쭮             50    ( 56 %)
     ⮣                   45    ( 51 %)

     ⨪쭠 ⪠ ⮣ࠬ ( Y)
     뤥 80  ஢. ᯮ짮

     ᨬ쭮            57    ( 71 %)
     ।                  0    (  0 %)
     쭮             46    ( 57 %)
     ⮣                   36    ( 45 %)

      먣          0


     2.3.3.2. 筮 ࠧ饭

      ⮢,  ࠧ饭 ணࠬ
     

     饭   ࠪ⨢  ०   ࠧ
,    ᬮ  ࠡ  ணࠬ  ⮬-
᪮ ,    ᫮  ᫥饩 -
஢,  ᯮ 樨 ⠭  ⮢    -
᪨ ⮢,  ⭮   뤥 -
.   ⢥ ⢫塞 ⠭  㤨 
⮣ࠬ  䠪 먣.
.
                            - 71 -

     ⠭ ᪨ ⮢
     

 痢 = 167990 mils
室 1 .  痢 = 167990 mils
室 2 .  痢 = 151410 mils
室 3 .  痢 = 146788 mils
室 4 .  痢 = 140787 mils
室 5 .  痢 = 139182 mils
室 6 .  痢 = 139015 mils
 痢 = 138931 mils
६ ࠡ:  00:00:16

     ⠭ ⮢
     

 痢 = 146160 mils
室 1 .  痢 = 146160 mils
室 2 .  痢 = 138860 mils
室 3 .  痢 = 134839 mils
室 4 .  痢 = 129759 mils
室 5 .  痢 = 127235 mils
室 6 .  痢 = 123560 mils
室 7 .  痢 = 123252 mils
 痢 = 123252 mils
६ ࠡ:  00:00:18

      稫 ᮪饭 饩   痢,    뢠
᮪ ⭮  ⭮ , 室 -
쭮  ᫥ ஢. ਬ ⠭-
, ᯮ  ⢥ 室 ⨣ १.

     ⠭ ⮢
     

 痢 = 123166 mils
室 1 .  痢 = 123166 mils
室 2 .  痢 = 119388 mils
室 3 .  痢 = 118848 mils

                            - 72 -

室 4 .  痢 = 118476 mils
室 5 .  痢 = 118026 mils
室 6 .  痢 = 117792 mils
室 7 .  痢 = 117590 mils
 痢 = 117538 mils
६ ࠡ: 00:00:26

     ⠭ ᪨ ⮢
     

 痢 = 157613 mils
室 1 .  痢 = 157613 mils
室 2 .  痢 = 143600 mils
室 3 .  痢 = 142331 mils
室 4 .  痢 = 141548 mils
 痢 = 141548 mils
६ ࠡ: 00:00:14

     ⠭ ⮢
     

 痢 = 130695 mils
室 1 .  痢 = 130695 mils
室 2 .  痢 = 126391 mils
室 3 .  痢 = 119905 mils
室 4 .  痢 = 118569 mils
室 5 .  痢 = 118225 mils
室 6 .  痢 = 117975 mils
 痢 = 117975 mils
६ ࠡ: 00:00:23

     ⠭ ᪨ ⮢
     

 痢 = 157089 mils
室 1 .  痢 = 157089 mils
室 2 .  痢 = 142944 mils
室 3 .  痢 = 142651 mils
室 4 .  痢 = 141868 mils

                            - 73 -

 痢 = 141868 mils
६ ࠡ: 00:00:14

     筠 ⨬ ࠧ饭
     

     쭥襣 襭   ࠧ饭   ⮢    
 ⮬  ⮢  180`  ⨬樥
祭 ⠪⮢ 譨 뢮.   -
 㢥 祭 䠪 먣  9.

     ⨪쭠 ⪠ ⮣ࠬ ( X)
     뤥 72  ஢. ᯮ짮

     ᨬ쭮            63    ( 87 %)
     ।                 18    ( 25 %)
     쭮             48    ( 66 %)
     ⮣                   42    ( 58 %)

     ⨪쭠 ⪠ ⮣ࠬ ( Y)
     뤥 44  ஢. ᯮ짮

     ᨬ쭮            38    ( 86 %)
     ।                  0    (  0 %)
     쭮             30    ( 68 %)
     ⮣                   25    ( 56 %)

      먣          9

     쭥訥 ⪨    ࠧ饭     ᪮-
-  ⭮  먣,  ⮬      ࠧ饭
(.2.13)      ⥫    ᯮ짮 
쭥襩 ࠡ.

     2.3.4. ஢ ᮥ

     ந ஢ ࠧ묨 ⮤, ।묨
ணࠬ PC-ROUTE.  ᭮묨  ﬨ  業   ⢠
஢ 㤥 :

                            - 75 -

     - 業 ࠧ 痢,
     - ⢮ 室 ⢥⨩,
     -   ஢.

      ᫥㥬 奬 62 楯,  170 痢  318 ⠪⮢.
᪨    १⮢  ஢  ਢ  
⠡.2.3, ⠡.2.4.   .2.14, .2.15.

      2.3.
     ࠢ 䥪⨢ ⮤ ஥ ᮥ
Ŀ
 ⮤               DAISY MIN-SPANSTEINERSTEINER-MINVIA
Ĵ
業 ࠧ       99.4     100    100       100    
 ஢    150975  150222 139999    145439    
室 ⢥⨩     78      77     64        59    
६ ࠡ (.)  03.48   02.41  03.15     03.18    


      2.4.
     । ६  ஢
Ŀ
               DAISYMIN-SPANSTEINERSTEINER-MINVIA
Ĵ
冷祭             1       1      2       2       
஢            120      66    150      88       
⨬. 室 1.  65      57     70      73       
  室  10      10      9       9       
⨬. 室 2.   9      10      9       9       
שׂ   㣫       3       3      3       3       


     ⮤ DEISY  ᯥ稫 100% ஢ ᮥ, -
⮬  쭥襣 ᬮ७  ᪫砥.
     ஢  ⮤ MIN-SPAN ஢ ந ,
ᯮ 室 ᫥ ᪠   設.  -
  ᯮ㥬  ஢ 孨 ⮤ ஢, 
   砥  ᯥ稢 訥 १ - -
    ᨬ쭮 ᫮ 室 ⢥⨩.

                            - 79 -

     ⮤ ᯮ騥  ஥ ॢ ⥩ - STEINER
 STEINER-MINSPAN  訥 १.   ࠪ⨪ -
 ᮢ  ⥮ਥ, ᮣ᭮ ன  -
⥫ 祪 ᮥ 砥 ஥    (.  .
1.3.3).  STEINER-MINSPAN  ᯥ稢  ᫠ -
室 ⢥⨩,      ᯮ짮  㬬ୠ  
ᮥ  㢥稢.     । -  
 䠪஢ ।.     쥣 -
 ஢    ࠪ⨪ -
   宧饭,   ⭠   訬 -
⢮ 室 ⢥⨩ ᫮  ⮢.   -
   ஥   ᫥   ।   ஢    ⮤
STEINER-MINVIA, ⠪      ந ࠧࠡ ஥ 
 쬠  ࠧ,   讥 ᫮  室  -
⨩  ᨫ쭮 㤭  ⮢.
     ᫥㥬 ᨬ 䥪⨢ ஢  -
 ।⥫쭮 ஢ 楯 (..  1.3.5). 
ࠢ ਢ  ⠡.2.5.  .2.16.

      2.5.
     ࠢ ஢  ࠧ ஢
Ŀ
 ஢ 楯    ⪨-  -⪨   
Ĵ
業 ࠧ           100                100         
 ஢       145439             139772         
室 ⢥⨩        59                 40         
६ ࠡ (.)     03:18              02:30         


     ,   ।⥫쭠  ஢  楯   浪
뢠     먣   ⢥
ࠧ. ⢮  室  ⢥⨩ 㬥訫  -
⭠, ⠫    ,  ᮪⨫  ६  ࠡ
ணࠬ.   ਠ   訬  ᯮ짮-
  ⮢ .
.
                            - 80 -

     ஢ ᫥ ,   ஥஢
   祭    ⠢  ⭮
 ஥.   ࠧࠡ⪥   ࢮ ਬ, ᮤ-
饣 ਬ୮ ࠢ ⢮  ⮢   -
 奬,  ࠧ ⭮  롨ࠫ 室 
१⮢  ⨢ ꥬ (樥 -
 0.4).     ஬ ਬ (⭠ ,
 ᭮, ।⠢ 奬) 뫨  稪,
⭮  ࠧ饭  ⮢     ਬ ਬ୮
,  樨 ⨬樨 ࠧ饭, ।⠢塞
P-CAD,    襣 १  ஬ -
.  ,  ᫨  ਬ I  ⪥ ந 
⠭ ⮢  ᪨ ⮢ ⭮ -
  㬥蠥,  . . ᫥ ࢮ 饭  ⨬ -
 ⨣ ⨬쭮 ﭨ,   ਬ II, -
ঠ饬 ⭮⥫쭮 襥 ⢮ ᪨  ⨫,
 ୮  ᯮ짮 ⠭  ࠧ -
⠭   襣 १.  ᤥ -
,    P-CAD   ᯮᮡ   
奬. ਬ  ⮬᪨ 権  
   㤮⢮⥫ १⮢.   ࠧ饭
 ⮢  ᥣ ந  ࠪ⨢
०,  ᯮ    ⢥ 室  ⮬᪨
᪫ ⮢.
.
                            - 81 -

     3.       
                       P-CAD

     ⨥ "⮬⨧஢ ⥬" 墠뢠   ⨯
⥬,      㭪樮஢ ⥬ ⢫ 
१ ᮣᮢ ⢨  祫-ᯥ樠
    -  ᮮ⢥饣  । -
⮬⨧樨  㤠   .   ⥬ -
  ࠪ୮ 祭 祫  ⠢ ⥬ 
筮 ᭮ । 㭪権       -
ᮬ । ⮬⨧樨 ().   । ।-
 믮 祫  ᢮⢥    㭪権
᪮ ࠪ,  ᭮  ,  樨, -
ଠ쭮 ⢮᪮ ⭮襭    믮塞  ,  
祭    ଠ,  ⬨᪨ ।⠢
㭪権,  ᭮  ᯮ짮  ⮤  -
.
     業 䥪⨢ ⮬⨧஢ ⥬ 室
 ⮫쪮  䨪樨 ᮮ⭮襭 ந   -
祭 १⮢,  ᪮쪮  ।    ⮤
䥪⨢ ᮧ ⥬,  ⥬  䥪⨢ 㭪-
஢.   堭 ନ஢ 䥪⨢ -
⨧஢   ⥬   室    ⮫쪮  ⠬,
뢠騬   ᪨   ⥫,   ࠪਧ騥
⥬,   ࠧࠡ稪 ⮬⨧஢ ⥬,  ⠪
ᯥ樠⠬, ࠡ騬    㦨 ,  ⥬ ⮡
뢠   ⥬  ࠪ᪨ ᯮ짮 ⮤  -
襭, 騥  䥪⨢.
     ⨥ 䥪⨢ ⮬⨧஢ ⥬  -
  ᪮ 䥪⨢,  ᪮   室
⠪    筮-孨᪮ ஢  ⢠ ⥬,
 ⠢騥 樠쭮 䥪⨢,    -
筮  筮  䨪  稭 ᪮ 䥪-
⨢.
     ᭮묨 䠪ࠬ,  ।騬   䥪-
⨢ , :
     - 襭 ⢠  ஥஢,  ᪫뢠饥  
襭  ⢠   襭  ⢠ 孨᪮

                            - 82 -

㬥樨 (   ᭨  樨  ࠪ  
孨᪮  㬥樨,  㬥襭     ࠡ 
㡫஢ 孨᪮ 㬥樨);
     - 㬥襭 ப ஥஢  孨,   -
। ᮪饭 横 "᫥ -  ந⢮"  
᪠뢠  㢥祭 ப ࠫ쭮   -
, 䥪 ਮ⭮  , ᯥ稢饣 
७ᯮᮡ,    ᮪饭 ॡ
  ।⢠  १  ᪮७    稢-
;
     - ᭨   ந⢮, ந室饥  -
 ⠫   믮 ᫥  ஥-
    ண ࠫ ⠭,  -
᪮ ஢,  ᯥ樠஢ ⥭ ⥬-
᪨  樮 ஢;
     - ᪨ 䥪  ᮪饭 ᫥ ࠡ⭨-
,   ⠤ ᫥  ஥஢.
      㭪樮஢  P-CAD - ஥஢  -
ࠢ  ணࠬ   ⮪न⮣,  ⠭   
.  ७  : ᮪ ப ࠧࠡ⪨
 ⮢  ; 㬥 ᪨ 訡
 ஥஢ 蠡;    ந⥫쭮
㤠  ஥஢騪 蠡;  㬥 㤮 
⮨ ஥஢.
     室    ਢ  ⠡.1.1.

      1.1. 室 
Ŀ
       ᫮    祭 ⥫
    ⥫    -७Ĵ
                                         
Ĵ
1. ⢮   - N, N    /     280     280   
 , ஥-                                     
㥬                                           
2. 㤮     t, t  祫-/     165      64   
஥஢  -  dt =                101           
 ⭮                                       

.
                            - 83 -

     த ⠡.1.1.
Ŀ
       ᫮    祭 ⥫
    ⥫    -७Ĵ
                                         
Ĵ
3. ⢮ - N, N    /     600     600   
蠡,  ஥-                                     
㥬                                             
4. 㤮     t, t  祫-/      66      41   
஥஢  -   dt =                25           
 蠡                                        
5. ⢮  - N, N    /     140     140   
४㥬                                       
                                                     
6. 㤮     t, t 祫-/     100      40   
奬 ४-   dt =                60           
                                         
7. 쭠   ⮨-     C /祫-    500     500    
   㤮                                     
 ࠳                                     
                                                    
8. 쭠   ⮨-     C /祫-    550     550    
   㤮                                     
஥஢                                        
9. ᫥           K1    %         28      28     
ᨮ 䮭                                         
10. ᫥         2    %         5.4     5.4    
. 客                                        
11. ᫥         K3    %         3.6     3.6    
易⥫쭮 .                                       
客                                             
12. ᫥          4    %         2       2      
䮭                                           
13. ।ந-      K  ..            1000   
                                         
ᮧ , -                                     
   -                                     
                                                

.
                            - 84 -

     த ⠡.1.1.
Ŀ
       ᫮    祭 ⥫
    ⥫    -७Ĵ
                                         
Ĵ
14. ⠫          K  ..            3000   
   ,                                        
ᯮ㥬                                           
, ਢ                                      
⭮                                          
15. ⮨  1       C    /              200   
ࠡ 㤮                                     
                                                     
16. ⢨⥫       F                     2400   
 䮭 ६-                                     
 ࠡ  㤮-                                     
                                                
17. 樥       Tᠯ     %                  90   
㧪 㤮-                                     
 襭                                       
                                                    
18. ਮ 㭪樮-       T                      5   
஢                                          
  묳                                     
१⮬   -                                     
 ⥬                                        


     1.      ᮧ  㭪樮஢  
᭮  P-CAD.
     1.1.   ६     ᮧ   
⢨ :

     K = K + Tᠯ * K
     K = 1000 + 0.9 * 3000 = 3700 ..

     (室   ਢ  ⭮ ).
.
                            - 85 -

     1.2.  ⥪   㭪樮஢ :
     )  ⥪騥   㭪樮஢ :

      = Tᠯ *  * F / 1000
      = 0.9 * 200 * 2.4 = 432 ./

     ) 㬬 ⥪騥   㭪樮஢   
5   ਢ  ⭮  (ࢮ  㭪樮-
஢ ⥬):

        = 1 = 2 =3 = 3 = 4 = , 
      = *0 + *1 + *2 + *3 + *4
      = 432 * (1 + 0.9091 + 0.8264 + 0.7513 + 0.6831) =
                                             = 1801.4 ..
     (祭 ai   ⠡.1.2).

      1.2.
     祭 樥⮢ ਢ  ⭮  ai.
                     Ŀ
                         i        ai  
                     Ĵ
                         0         1  
                         1    0.9091  
                         2    0.8264  
                         3    0.7513  
                         4    0.6831  
                     

     1.3.  㬬     ᮧ    ⨫⭥
㭪樮஢ :

      =  + 
      = 3700 + 1801.4 = 5501.4 ..

     ( 祭    ਢ  ⭮ ).

     2. ⮨⭠ 業 १⮢  㭪樮஢  
(   ).
.
                            - 86 -

     2.1.  ᮪饭 ६ ஥஢  ॡ㥬
⢠    蠡:

     dT = T * (dt * N + dt * N)
     dT = T *  dt * N

     dT = (101 * 280 + 60 * 140 ) * 5 = 183400 ᮢ
     dT =   25 * 600 * 5 = 75000 ᮢ

     2.2.     ࠡ⭮ , -
  ᭨ 㤮  ஥஢  ,
蠡  ᥭ 奬 ४஢  ᫮ :

     P = SUM( Ni * dti * Ci) * [1 + SUM(Ki)] / 1000

     

     P = [1+(K1+K2+K3+K4)] * [N*dt*C +
                             + N*dt*C +
                             + N*dt*C]/ 1000,

     P = 1.39 / 1000 *
          *(280*101*500 + 600*25* 550 + 140*60* 500) =
                                         = 36960.1 ./

     2.3.  ᫮- 

     P = P - 
      = 36960.1 - 432 = 36528.1 ./

     2.4.  ,  砥  ᭨ 㤮
 ஥஢    蠡  ਮ 㭪-
樮஢ :

     P = P * (ao + a1 + a2 + a3 + a4)
      = 36528.1 * 4.1699 = 152318.5 ..
.
                            - 87 -

        १  㬥襭  ᫠ ᪨
訡  ࠪ  㬥樨 ⥭  ᭨ 㤮 
஥஢.
       뢠 , 砥  ⮢-
          ஥஢  ,  -
⢨ 室 .   ࠪ⨪ ⠪   
  祭  १ ⨬樨 奬 襭  -
⭮   襭 ਠ⭮  롮 ⨬-
 孮 ⮢ ⭮ . 祭 
  ⮢     ᭮
楫 ⮬⨧樨 ஥஢.
     ஬ ⮣,   ⠢饩 ⮨⭮  業  -
   㭪樮஢      業  ७-
ᯮᮡ ஥㥬   ਡ뫨,  砥 
    ०饣 ᪠.   ⠪  ।⮬
ᯥ樠쭮 ᫥         뢠
- ⢨ 室 .

     2.5. 業  ᪮ 䥪,  砥
 㭪樮஢ :

      =  -  / 
      = 36528.1 - 3700 / 5 = 35788.1 ./

     2.6. 業 ᪮ 䥪, 砥  ⨫-
 㭪樮஢ :

      =  - 
      = 152318.5 - 3700 = 148618.5 ..

     2.7. 業 த宧⢥ 䥪⨢ :

      =  / 
      = 36528.1 3700 = 9.9 1/
.
                            - 88 -

     2.8. 業 ਮ  ६ :

      = 1 / 
      = 1 / 9.9 = 0.1 

     ६    ਮ T < 1 
1/Ea = 1/37475.82 = 0.1 .    ⥫ -
⮢,  砥  , . .   ⮫쪮 ᭨
㤮  ஥஢.
.
                            - 89 -

                    ਬ  P-CAD:
                    ᭨ 㤮.








                                                          


                                                            




















祫-/

1.  㤮 ஥஢  ⭮ 
2.  㤮 ஥஢  蠡
3.  㤮 奬 ४஢   

     .3.1. ਬ  P-CAD: ᭨ 㤮.
.
                            - 90 -

     

       ࠤ஭  ⮬⨪  ᫮  -
᪮  ᭠饭  ⥫㠫쭮  ⥫쭮  
᢮  ।⢠ ⥬᪮  ணࠬ -
஢   襭  ஥஢  ᯫ樨 -
   .  ⮬ ࠢ 祭 ᯥ樠-
⮢    ᯮ짮  ୮ 孨  ணࠬ
ᯥ祭    쬠 㠫  ᫮-
  ப  ७     ࠪ⨪ ᮭ
஢.
     ਢ   ࢮ    ࠡ 
⥬᪨   , ᯮ㥬  , -
⬮   ஢   -
  ।⠢  ᮢ६ ﭨ  ⮩  
⮬⨧஢  ஥஢,   ஡ 
⮤  襭.
      ࠧ,  饭    ⨢  ꥬ
,  ᮮ 室 ⥮᪨ ᢥ  ஢-
  ࠡ   ⮬ ⠯ ࠧࠡ⪨ .  ࠡ⠭
ணࠬ RTV (IBM,  Clipper) ⥫쭮  ᫥.
     ᮤন ᠭ  2000 ⮢ -
⢥ ⭮ .  祭   ᨨ ணࠬ-
  ᯥ譮  ᯮ짮     ࠡ  
"஢ "  稫 ᮪ 業 짮⥫.
       "᫥ ⬮,  ᯮ㥬  ⥬
P-CAD"  ਬ ࠧࠡ⪨  ࠧ⨯    -
  ⮤    ⮬᪮  ࠪ⨢
०  ணࠬ  PC-PLACE,  ।   ᫥⥫쭮
⢨ ,    ᨬ쭮 ᯮ-
 ᮢ ⭮ .   ࠢ⥫  -
⬮  ஢  ணࠬ  PC-ROUTE    ४樨 
ᯮ짮 ࠧ ⮤ ஢   ᨬ  
⭮  ஥.
      ஢ ࠧࠡ⮪   P-CAD  饭  
ᯮ짮  ⮤᪮ ᮡ " ਪ 設-
 䨪  ⥬ P-CAD",  饭 ࢮ ⠯ -

                            - 91 -

⨧஢  ஥஢ - ᮧ ᠭ ⭮
 ஥  ᠭ ᪨ ਭ樯 奬, 
  ࠧࠡ⪥ ஥.
      ᪮ 䥪⨢   ਬ -
 P-CAD, ਢ   ࠡ, 㡥⥫쭮 뢠-
 ᭨ 㤮 ࠡ ஥஢騪    祬  
  ࠧ.    ७    ⥬   ஬諥
।⨨ ப 㯠 ⠢ 2-3 .
     ஢ ᫥  㡦  ᭮
ਭ樯 ⥬   ᮡ ࠡ  ᯮ㥬  
ணࠬ ⬮.  祭   ᯮ짮
 襭 ⢠ ந ࠧࠡ⮪   ନ஢
⠫쭮  ।⠢   ᭮ ,   
ਭ樯 㭪樮஢ ஬諥  ⥬  ⮬⨧-
 ஥஢.   ࠡ - ⮤ ᫥-
   ᯥਬ⮢ -   ᯮ짮  -
樨    ࠡ  ᭮  P-CAD,  
⠪       ࠧࠡ稪  ,  ᯮ騬  
⥬.
     ᮬ, ࠧ⨥  ஬諥  ந⢠  -
襬 㤥          襩  ⮬⨧樨  
஢, ⠪  ந⢠.   ᫥ ᪠ 
,    饥 ६ ⮤  設  ஥஢
  諨  ஢  ⮬⨧樨.   䥪-
⨢묨    뫨  ணࠬ  設  ஥஢,   
-०  ⮫쪮 㬥⮬,  騬 -
 ࠧࠡ稪.    ⠯  ⮬⨧ -
஢ .
.
                            - 92 -

     

     1. ⮬⨧஢ ஢ ⠦  :
ࠢ.  ᯥ樠/ ..ࠬ,  ..⥬, .. 
.;  ।. ...- .:  , 1986.
     2. ࠢ筨  :  騥 ਭ樯 -
஢/  ।. ..ૠ. - .:.ࠤ, 1980.
     3. ⥬ ⮬⨧஢ ஥஢ ஭
   ᫨⥫쭮  /७  ..,  祢  ..-
.:.誮, 1983.
     4. 쬠   .   ᫨⥫   ᯥ   :  .
./ ।. ..宬.- .:  , 1990.
     5. ⮬⨧஢   ஥஢      
⠫/ ..७,  ..蠪,  ..⥫졠,  ..
ࠬ祭.- .:  , 1988.
     6. ஥஢ :  .   ﯮ./⠭ ., ᠤ
.,  ., 㪨 .- .:, 1988.
     7. Placement and routing.  User's Manuals.  Personal  CAD
Systems Inc. 1987.
     8. 订 ..,  ஧ ..     設஥:
࣠樮-᪨ ஡.  - .:  設஥,
1989.
     9. ᭠ 業 䥪⨢ ய⨩,  ࠢ-
   ᪮७  筮-孨᪮  ண:  ⮤-
᪨ ४樨  ਨ   ਬ.- ., 1989
     10. ⮬⨧஢  ஥஢ 奬  -
 筨 ⠭/ ᨬ .., ਥ .., -
⮭ ..  .- .:, 1986.
     11.   樨 ஭ /
.., ..,   ..稭᪨    .-  .:  
, 1982.
     12. ᪨ ।⢠  ஥஢  /  ..-
襢᪨,  ..⨭, .., ..娭.- .:.ࠤ,
1980.
     13. ⨭ ..  ⮬⨧஢ ஥஢ ⮯-
 . - .:  , 1983.
     14. ஧ ..,   .., ३稪 .. ⮬-
஢ ஥஢ 権 ࠤ஭ -
.- .:  , 1983.
.
                            - 93 -

     ਫ I. ணࠬ RTV.


* Clipper Summer'87.
* -------------------------------------------------------------- *
*       ணࠬ RTV -   ⠭筮 ꥬ          *
*       .⮪,  ,  䥤 ,   ࡠ ..        *
*                       ,  1992 .,  1993 .        *
* -------------------------------------------------------------- *
*
* ࠬ ⮢   :
*
*          L
*       _______
*  D   /      /    ᪨ ⠫:
*     Ŀ       D=0  ਧ 樫.
*                 頤  ⠥
*            
*  H             Selem = L x L
*           /     Velem = H x Selem
*     
*          
*                      L
*       _______________________________    ᪨ ⠫ (DIP  )
*  D   /                             /    頤 :
*     Ŀ 
*  H                         /     Selem = L x D
*     ĳĳĳĳĳĳ      Velem = H x Selem
*
*


wsetmove(.F.)
set key 28 to my_help
set key -9 to menu
set scoreboard off
set cursor off
set wrap on


public baza, Kol, N_ALL, N_ELEMENT[20]
public Selem, Velem, Vreal, Vusta, Mass, GlavMenu, WM, WE, WB, TXT
public KoeV, KoeM, VGA
public sideX, sideY, sideZ
public nfile, ok, vk, box1
declare Pole_base[15], Titl[15], T[1]


       ok       =.T.
       vk       = chr(13)+chr(10)
       TXT      = ""
       VGA      =.F.
       Selem    = 0
       Velem    = 0
       Vreal    = 0
       Vusta    = 0
       Mass     = 0
       KoeV     = 0.50
       KoeM     = 1.25
       sideX    = 0
       sideY    = 0
       sideZ    = 0
       nfile    = "rtv.doc     "
       GlavMenu = 3
       T[1]     = "baza0->element"

       box1     = "ɴ "
       box2     = "̴ "

DO GetScreen
DO SetScreen

set color to "w*/n"
clearwin(0,0,24,79, "w*/n"," ")

set color to "n */w ,w+ /n"
WM=wopen( 0,0,0,79)

                            - 94 -

wselect( 0)

@ 0, 0 say space(80)
@24, 0 say space(80)
@24, 2 say "F1-Help "
@24,67 say " F10-Menu"
keyboard chr(27)
do menu

if file("RTV_1.DBF") # ok .or. ;
   file("RTV_1.DBT") # ok .or. ;
   file("RTV_2.DBF") # ok .or. ;
   file("RTV_3.DBF") # ok
   window( 10,13,14,66, "w+/r")
        @ 2,4 say "  ⥬ 䠩 - ࠡ "
        inkey(0)
   wclose()
   l_gmode(3)
   quit
endif

window(7,21,17,58, "w+*/b ,w+ /n")

        do copyright

        select 1
        use RTV_1 alias baza0
        do menu_new
        PUBLIC N[n_all]
        afill( N,0)

        select 2
        use RTV_2 alias Korpus
        if file("RTV_2.NTX") # ok
           index on DIP to RTV_2
        endif
        set index to RTV_2

        select 3
        use RTV_3 alias Standart
        if file("RTV_3.NTX") # ok
           index on GOST to RTV_3
        endif
        set index to RTV_3

wclose()

WB=window( 2, 16, 21, 76, "w+*/b ,w+ /n")

set color to "n/w"
@ 0,59,19,60 box box1

set color to "n */w ,w+ /n"
@  0,59 say ""
@ 19,59 say ""

@ 4,51 say " PgUp "
@ 7,51 say " PgDn "
@10,51 say " Tab  "

set color to "n */b"
@ 4,57 say      ""
@ 5,52 say ""
@ 7,57 say      ""
@ 8,52 say ""
@10,57 say      ""
@11,52 say ""

WE=window( 2,  1, 15, 12, "w+*/b ,w+ /n")

select 1
go top

* --------------------------------------------------------- *
*                    ⢥ ணࠬ                   *
* --------------------------------------------------------- *

dbedit( 1,2,12,9, T, "edit", 0, "","")
quit

                            - 95 -

* --------------------------------------------------------- *
*                     楤, 㭪樨                    *
* --------------------------------------------------------- *
function edit
parameters m, f

if lastkey()=9 .or. lastkey()=13        && Ret, Tab
        do Var_base
endif
return( 1)
* --------------------------------------------------------- *

procedure Var_base
private i, rec, X, Y, tmp, scr, len, N_inp
N_inp = 0
  scr = wselect()
  tmp = ""
    X = 0
    Y = 0

wselect( WB)

set color to "n */w"
@ 1,59  say ""

set color to "w+*/b ,w+ /n"
@ 3,1,16,48 box box1

 select 1

 rec = recno()
 afill(Pole_base,"")
 baza= baza0->base
 @ 1,3 say baza0->NAME

        Y=Mlcount(POLE,8)
        for i=1 to Y
                Pole_base[i]=Memoline(baza0->POLE, 8,i)
                @ 3+i,2  say MemoLine(baza0->Glav,15,i)
        next i

        if rec > 1
           for i=1 to rec-1
               X=X+N_ELEMENT[i]
           next i
        endif

        select 4
        use &baza alias bazaRT
        len=lastrec()

        set key 9 to exit_code
        do while ok
                set color to "w+*/b ,w+ /n"
                clear gets
                for i=1 to Y
                        if Pole_base[i]="N"
                                N_inp=N[recno()+X]
                                @ 3+i,18 get N_inp picture " 9999"
                        else
                                tmp=Pole_base[i]
                                @ 3+i,18 say &tmp
                        endif
                next i
                set cursor on
                read
                set cursor off
                N[X+recno()]=N_inp
                key=lastkey()

                do case
                   case key=13 .or. key=3    && PgDn, Enter
                        do print_code
                        skip +1
                        if eof()
                                skip -1
                        endif
                   case key=18               && PgUp
                        do print_code

                            - 96 -

                        skip -1
                   case key=27               && Esc
                        do print_code
                        exit
                endcase

                set color to "n */w"
                @ 1+17*recno()/len,59 say ""
        enddo

set key 9 to
select 1
goto rec
wselect(scr)
return
* --------------------------------------------------------- *

procedure exit_code
keyboard chr(27)
return
* --------------------------------------------------------- *

procedure print_code

set color to "n/w"
@ 1+17*recno()/len,59 say ""

return
* --------------------------------------------------------- *

Procedure menu
set cursor off
set key -9
private scr
scr=wselect()

do while ok

        wselect( WM)

        @ 0, 1 prompt "  "
        @ 0, 5 prompt "  "
        @ 0,12 prompt "  "
        @ 0,21 prompt "  "
        @ 0,30 prompt " ꥬ "
        @ 0,38 prompt "  "
        @ 0,46 prompt " 室 "
        menu to GlavMenu

        do case
           case GlavMenu=1
                window(6,21,16,58,"w+/b", box1)
                      do copyright
                      inkey(0)
                wclose()
           case GlavMenu=2
                do menu_file
           case GlavMenu=0 .or. GlavMenu=3
                GlavMenu=3
                clear gets
                exit
           case GlavMenu=4
                do menu_exec
           case GlavMenu=5
                do menu_graf
           case GlavMenu=6
                do menu_text
           case GlavMenu=7
                do menu_quit
        endcase

enddo
wselect( scr)
set key -9 to menu
return
* --------------------------------------------------------- *
.
                            - 97 -

function window
parameters y1, x1, y2, x2, color
private W

        W=wopen( y1, x1, y2+1, x2+2)
        colorwin( 1, 2, y2-y1+1, x2-x1+2)
        set color to &color
        @ 0, 0, y2-y1, x2-x1 box box1

return( W)
* --------------------------------------------------------- *

procedure menu_file
private i
i=1

window( 1,5,8,16,"n */w ,w+ /n", box1)

@ 2,1 prompt " Load     "
@ 3,1 prompt " Save     "
@ 4,1 prompt " Save as.."
@ 5,1 prompt " New      "
menu to i

        do case
           case i=4
                afill(N,0)
                TXT = ""
        endcase

wclose()

return

* --------------------------------------------------------- *

function get_name_file
parameters y,x, nfile

window(y,x,y+2,x+21,"n/w, w+/n", box1)
        clear gets
        @ 1,2 say "File:" get nfile picture "@K XXXXXXXXXXXX"
        set cursor on
        read
        set cursor off
wclose()
return nfile
* --------------------------------------------------------- *

procedure menu_new
select 1
go top

KOL=0
N_ALL=0
Afill( N_ELEMENT,0)

        do while .not. eof()
                baza = baza0->base
                select 4
                if file(baza+".DBF")

                   use &baza
                   KOL=KOL+1
                   N_ELEMENT[Kol]=lastrec()
                   N_ALL=N_ALL+N_ELEMENT[Kol]

                else
                   select 1
                   delete
                endif
        select 1
        skip
        enddo
        pack

return
* --------------------------------------------------------- *
.
                            - 98 -

procedure menu_exec
private i
i=1

window(1,21,5,43,"n */w ,w+ /n", box1)

@ 1,1 prompt "    ।   "
@ 2,1 prompt "    ᨬ  "
@ 3,1 prompt "       "
menu to i
wclose()

if i#0
        do exec with i
endif
return
* --------------------------------------------------------- *

procedure exec
parameters i
private X, OLD_select, OLD_recno1, OLD_recno4, tmp
private D, L, H, M, Sij, XDip, XGost

 Selem = 0
 Velem = 0
 Vreal = 0
 Vusta = 0
     X = 0
     D = 0
     L = 0
     H = 0
     M = 0
   rec = 0
  Mass = 0
   TXT = ""
  XDip = ""
 XGost = ""
 sideZ = 0

OLD_recno4=recno()
OLD_select=select()
           select 1
OLD_recno1=recno()
           go top

window(2,16,21,65,"w+*/bg", box1)
set color to "n */bg,w+*/n"

        @ 2,4 say "ꥬ ⮢ ..........         0 ^3"
        @ 3,4 say "ꥬ  ...........         0 ^3"
        @ 4,4 say "ꥬ ⠭ .......         0 ^3"

        @ 6,4 say "  ..............         0 ."
        @ 7,4 say " 쭠 ...........         0 ."

        @ 9,4 say "஭ X ................         0 "
        @10,4 say "஭ Y ................         0 "
        @11,4 say "஭ Z ................         0 "

        @13,4 say "樥  ... (0.2 _ 1)" get koeV picture "99.99"
        @14,4 say "樥  ........ (1.2 _ 3)" get koeM picture "99.99"

      wopen(19,20,19,62)
      @0,0 say ""+replicate("",41)

do while .not. eof()
        baza = baza0->base
         tmp = norm_or_min()
         rec = recno()
         if rec > 1
            X=X+N_ELEMENT[rec-1]
         endif
         select 4
         use &baza

        for j=X+1 to X+N_ELEMENT[rec]
                if N[j]#0
                        goto j-X
                        do case

                            - 99 -

                           case tmp=1 .and. i=1
                                D=(D_min+D_max)/2
                                L=(L_min+L_max)/2
                                H=(H_min+H_max)/2
                           case tmp=1 .and. i=2
                                D=D_max
                                L=L_max
                                H=H_max
                           case tmp=1 .and. i=3
                                D=D_min
                                L=L_min
                                H=H_min
                           case tmp=2
                                XDip = DIP
                                select 2
*//                             go top
                                seek XDip
                                if found()
                                        select 4
                                        D=Korpus->D
                                        L=Korpus->L
                                        H=Korpus->H
                                        M=Korpus->M
                                else
                                        select 4
                                        D=0
                                        L=0
                                        H=0
                                        M=0
                                endif
                        endcase

                        if H=0
                                Sij=N[j]*D*D
                        else
                                Sij=N[j]*D*H
                        endif
                        Selem=Selem+Sij
                        Velem=Velem+Sij*L
                        sideZ=max(L,sideZ)
                         Mass=Mass+M

                        XGost=Gost
                        select 3
                        go top
                        seek XGost
                        select 4
                        TXT=TXT+baza0->element+"  "+left(Tip+space(15),15)+;
                               +"  "+Standart->Gost+"  "+;
                               +str(N[j],6)+" .  "+str(Sij*L,10)+" ^3"+;
                               +vk
                endif
        next j
        select 1
        @0,0 say replicate("",rec*42/Kol)
        skip
enddo

wclose()    &&   ஬ 믮

select 1
goto OLD_recno1
baza=baza0->base
select 4
use &baza
select( OLD_select)
goto OLD_recno4

*//wclose()

* --------------------------------------------------------- *
*                                                           *
*                뢮   ᫥                *
*                                                           *
* --------------------------------------------------------- *

@17,14 say          "                              "
@18, 5 say "            "
.
                            - 100 -

do while ok

      Vreal=Selem*sideZ
      Vusta=Vreal/KoeV
      if sideZ != 0
            sideX=sqrt(Vusta/sideZ)
      else
            sideX=0
      endif
      sideY=sideX

      set color to "n */bg,n  /w"

        @ 2,30 say str(Velem,10)
        @ 3,30 say str(Vreal,10)
        @ 4,30 say str(Vusta,10)

        @ 6,30 say str(Mass,10)
        @ 7,30 say str(Mass*KoeM,10)

        @ 9,30 say str(sideX,10)
        @10,30 say str(sideY,10)
        @11,30 say str(sideZ,10)

        clear gets
        @13,41 get KoeV picture "99.99" range 0.2,1
        @14,41 get KoeM picture "99.99" range 1.2,3

        j=1
        set color to "n/w, n */w"
        @ 17, 4 prompt "  NewKoe  "
        @ 17,20 prompt "   View   "
        @ 17,36 prompt "  Cancel  "
        menu to j


        do case
           case j=0 .or. j=3
                exit
           case j=1
                set cursor on
                set color  to "n/w,w+/n"
                read
                set cursor off
           case j=2
                DO menu_graf
        endcase
enddo

TXT= space(24)+" ⠭筮 ꥬ "+vk           +vk+;
       +replicate("",76)                                     +vk+;
       +TXT+;
       +replicate("",76)                                     +vk+;
       +"ꥬ ⮢ .........."+str(Velem,10)    +" ^3"+vk+;
       +"ꥬ  ..........."+str(Vreal,10)    +" ^3"+vk+;
       +"ꥬ ⠭ ......."+str(Vusta,10)    +" ^3"+vk+;
       +"  .............."+str(Mass,10)     +" ." +vk+;
       +" 쭠 ..........."+str(Mass*KoeM,10)+" ." +vk+;
       +"      樥  .. "+str(KoeV,4,2)      +vk+;
       +"      樥  ....... "+str(KoeM,4,2)      +vk+;
                                                              +vk+;
       +" ஭:"                                     +vk+;
       +"X = "+str( sideX,10)+" "                           +vk+;
       +"Y = "+str( sideY,10)+" "                           +vk+;
       +"Z = "+str( sideZ,10)+" "                           +vk

wclose()
return
* --------------------------------------------------------- *

function norm_or_min
private i, p, x
p=0

for i=1 to Mlcount(POLE,10)
        x=Memoline(POLE,10,i)
        do case
           case at("MIN",x)#0
                p=1

                            - 101 -

           case at("DIP",x)#0
                p=2
        endcase
next i

return( p)
* --------------------------------------------------------- *

procedure menu_text
private i
i=1

window(1,27,4,44,"n */w, w+/n", box1)
do while ok

        @ 1,1 prompt "   ࠭ "
        @ 2,1 prompt "     䠩 "
        menu to i

        do case
           case i=0
                exit
           case i=1
                wopen(1,0,23,79)
                   set color to "w */n"
                   wbox(box1)
                   set color to "w+ */n"
                   memoedit( TXT, 0,1,22,77,.F.,"",240)
                wclose()
           case i=2
                nfile=get_name_file(6,32,nfile)
                if lastkey()=13
                        memowrit( nfile, TXT)
                endif
                exit
        endcase

enddo
wclose()
return
* --------------------------------------------------------- *

procedure menu_graf
private x[4], y[4], MAX
wopen(0,0,24,79)

        L_gmode( 16)

        L_line( 260, 200, 260, 639, 1) && ---  9 - B+
        L_line( 260, 200, 320,   0, 1) &&  /
        L_line( 260, 200,   0, 200, 1) &&  |

        L_stroke( "X", 1, 265, 620, 15, 12,  9)
        L_stroke( "Y", 1, 320,  10, 15, 12,  9)
        L_stroke( "Z", 1,   0, 210, 15, 12,  9)

        MAX=max( sideX, max( sideY, sideZ))

  if MAX#0

        x[1]=200
        y[1]=260
        x[2]=200+400*sideX/MAX
        y[2]=260-220*sideZ/MAX
        x[3]=200-300*sideY/MAX/2
        y[3]=260+ 90*sideY/MAX/2
        x[4]=200-300*sideY/MAX/2+400*sideX/MAX
        y[4]=260+ 90*sideY/MAX/2-210*sideZ/MAX

        l_box ( y[1],x[1],y[2],x[2],10)
        l_box ( y[3],x[3],y[4],x[4],10)
        l_line( y[4],x[4],y[2],x[2],10)
        l_line( y[3],x[3],y[1],x[1],10)
        l_line( y[3],x[4],y[1],x[2],10)
        l_line( y[4],x[3],y[2],x[1],10)

  endif
.
                            - 102 -

  inkey(0)
  release x,y,max
  do SetScreen

wclose()
return
* --------------------------------------------------------- *

procedure menu_quit
private menu

window(1,32,4,52,"n */w ,w+/n")

        @ 1,1 prompt " த ࠡ "
        @ 2,1 prompt "   ࠡ "
        menu to menu
wclose()

        if menu=2
                set color to "w/n"
                L_gmode(3)
                quit
        endif

return
* --------------------------------------------------------- *

procedure my_help
set key 28 to

window(3,5,19,73,"w+/bg",box1)

        set color to "n/bg"
        memoedit( memoread("rtv.hlp"), 1,2,15,65,.F.,"",240)

wclose()
set key 28 to my_help
return
* --------------------------------------------------------- *

procedure copyright

@ 1, 3 say " ⠭筮 ꥬ "
@ 3,13 say           "   2.0"
@ 5,10 say        "⮪ . "
@ 6, 7 say     "䥤 ࠤ஭"
@ 7, 8 say      " ୮ 孨"
@ 9,13 say           "ࡠ  .."
return
* --------------------------------------------------------- *

Procedure GetScreen
Private VI, ADAPTER

     VI = "    "
ADAPTER = 0

    ret = pcxVI(vi)
ADAPTER = asc( substr(VI,1,1))

        if ret#0 .or. ADAPTER<3
           ? "  ন.  ணࠬ."
           quit
        endif
        if ADAPTER == 5
           VGA = ok
        endif
return
* -------------------------------------------------------------- *
Procedure SetScreen

pcxSM(0)        && Set Text Mode
 if VGA
   _SetFnt16()        && VGA Font
 else
   _SetFnt14()        && EGA Font
 endif
 noblink()
return
