











                                    




        1. ⪠ ,  ᢥ  ..⮫믨.


        2. ୠ ଠ ⮫믨.


        3. ࠡ⪠ ࠡ祣 ⥫⢠.


        4.  ⢠  ᪮ ⥫쭮 ⮫믨.


        5. 祭.











                                - 3 -

     1.
            ⢮ ந묨 ﭨﬨ " ",
         ᫨⥫.     ⢮  -
      - 묨 ᨫ,  ࠦ騬  ⢨  ஥-
       ,   ⠫  ⢮殢 50  .   - 
      ᯫ譠 ࠢ 㯪 ⢠ 筮⥩,  
        ᪫뢠  ᨬ  ⢥  -
       ᫮,     ࠧ,  뢠 
      ᪨ ᮡ  ᢮ 㤥 ᮬ,  騬  -
      ᮭ ᢮  ⢥ .
           뢠 ᮬ,   ਨ ᨨ    
         ᪫⥫쭮  ᨫ 㯨 筮 ..⮫믨.
       ⮫믨 ᥣ 뢠 ᯮ,    㯮  ࠧ  
         㣮   ᪫ 業.
         ᪨ ⥫ ਧ 砫    
             ࠢ  ।  থ  
      ⥫  ।祭   ॢ樮஢.  ਮ
      "⮫믨᪮  ॠ樨" ᥫ - "⮫믨᪨ 㪨"  -
       ஭     ᨨ,  祫,  "⮩ 
       ᪨ ஭" -  㣮.   ⭮,   䠪, -
      譨 १ ᨨ ..樭 뢠   ଠ-
      ஢ ᨨ:  I, ᠭ II,  ..⮫믨.
          ࠢ, ᪠  ⮫믨 뫠  - ᥣ
      5 .    ६   ஬ ७   ।ᥤ-
      ⥫  ஢.
           稭 ᮡ   筮 ⮫믨  ⮫쪮 
       筮 졥  ࠬ⨧ ᮯ஢  ᮡ⨩.  -
      ⥫쭮 "ᨩ᪮ ᬠઠ" ᭮ 易   ⮬, -
        祭 ⮫믨᪮   祬    
      .     稫 㤮⢮⥫쭮 ⢥  -
        ⮫믨.   ᫥⥫ ,   ⮫-
      ᪨ ଠ  蠫 ⢨  ꥪ⨢ 䠪,
       ࠭祭  ᫥ ਧ, 客.    뫨
      ⮫ ⥫, , 㢥砩  ᯥ宬,  ⮫쪮 -
       ,    ࠫ  뫮 .  ⮫믨  
      ࠯ࠢ , 뤢     樮 
       ஢   騥 䠪⮬ 㡨⢠ ⮫믨.
              -  ઠ쥢 ⮫믨?    -

                                - 4 -

       ࠧ  મ  ⮣ 祫,  ⨢稢
       䨨  㦠饩  ઠ쥢 ⠭.  ⮫-
       - 室  ண ᪮ த,  ⭮    
      XVI .    ⮫믨   ᨨ 뤠 ᪨ 
       ⥫.  誠 ..ମ⮢ - ஦ -
      믨. ࠤ  -  ᥭ  ..⮫믨 -  ..࠭᪮,
      㯭襣 㤠⢥ ⥫ 砫 XIX .  - -
       ਥ  - ⭨ ᪮ ,   ..⮣,
      頢訩   ᭮ ﭥ.   ..⮫믨 -  堩-
       -  ஦  砪  -  ﭭ  櫥   ᨨ
      ..砪, ᭨  ..誨   .   
      ઠ쥢 - ࠢ窠 ..㢮஢.   ࠧ, ᥬ -
      믨   XIX - XX  뫠  த⢥  㦡  ⥩-
      訬 쬨 ᨨ.  ..⮫믨  ﬨ  -
      த᪮, ᪮, ᪮   㭠᪮ 㡥୨.
           ઠ쥢  1881       㯨
       䨧-⥬᪨  䠪 ᪮ 㭨,
        ᮬ 砫  䨧,  ,  ⠭,  ,
      ஭.
           砭 㭨 ⮫믨 㦨  ⢥ -
      㤠⢥   ஬  魨  ⮫-
      砫쭨   ஬ 稭 ᪮ ᥪ. १ 10 
      ..⮫믨 ᪨ 㡥᪨  ।⥫  ⢠,  
       १ 3  -  1902    ᥡ - த᪨
      㡥ୠ஬.

     2.
             ६  ७ ⢥   㯨 -
       .  ਧ ஢  ⨪,  ࠢ-
         ᥬ প 㤠⢥묨 ।⢠ ࠧ-
      ਢ襣 㯭 ᪮ . 㤠⢮ 
      뫮 ⨢ 訢   ⭮襭 騪  -
      ﭨ, ८ਥ஢  ⨪  ᪮   쭮
       -           楩᪮ 楫 - ᫠
         騪,    ᫥. 뫮
      ᮧ "ᮡ ᮢ頭  㦤 ᥫ᪮-宧⢥ ஬-
      "  ࣥ,     ⮫쪮  ⮫. 뫮
      ࠧ 82      㡥᪨   536 㥧 ⮢

                                - 5 -

      ⮣ ᮢ頭,  筮 . த᪨ -
      ୠ, ..⮫믨, ⥫쭮 ᪠  㭨⮦ -
      騭 ᯮ  ᥫ  .   ⮬  ⮫믨
      : "⠢    ᨬ   ன   
       , 뢠,  ⠭  ꥬ ⢥-
       ࠧ ᥫ,  ⠭ ⭮ , -
      稥  ࠧ ᠬ ᮡ, -   ⫮  -
      । ६ ஢  ய⨩,     -
      ᫨   ,   ꥬ 室 ,   ᯮ
       쭮 ᮡ⢥9"0.5*
          த᪨ 㡥ୠ஬ ..⮫믨 ஡ 1. 0 1902
         稫 㡥ୠ஬   㯭   㡥-
       - ⮢.  -  ⠫  ࢠ  ॢ,  
      졥  ன  ਬ  ᥭ । -  饭
       ୮⥭栬, 塞 ᪮ ମ,  ਬ-
       ,  ⮪  ࠢ   ⠢訬 ﭠ.
       ⮬  ⥫쭮  ᠬ  㡥ୠ  
       ⫨⥫ ,  ࠪ  ᥩ  饩 -
      ⢥ ⥫쭮.  -    頫  -
        ⮫쪮 "",    "ࠢ", ᫨  ⥫쭮 -
      室  ⠭  ࠬ.  ,  ୮⥭ -
       "᪮  ⪠",  襣   ।⥫⢮
      ᪮ ମ, 室 ⨬,  窨 ७ 㡥-
      , ࠭,   ᢮  頫  ࠭,  
       ୮⥭  订 諨 ஬ ⮢ -
       , ⢮訩 ⠬ 㡥ୠ ᫠  
       ᮡࠢ  ⨭  ᮡ࠭ ᪨ 㦠.5**
          -  ࠪ୮  㣮:  ⫨稥  設⢠ -
      ᮪⠢ ,  ⤠ ஢ ᪨ ਪ 
       饭 ⮢  襣 ᪠  ᮡ⢥
      ᮭ, ⮫믨    筮 ࠡ    
      殬    ࠧ७ ⮫.
          , ⮫믨 襫    ५ ,  
       ࠢ 㣠 ந室 ᬮ ᪮ ,  -

      
    1*0 1 .. 2"..⮫믨:    ⥫쭮" 1 0. 1912.
   5**1 ﭮ .. 2"⮫믨  "0  ᪢ 1992

                                - 6 -

      ।塞 ନ "ਧ".
             ।⠢  ᮡ   ਧ ९ ᢮
      樠 ,  ⠭  ॢ樥,  ᤥ  ⠢   
      ⢮, ⭮ - ᮧ   ८ -
       ।⠢⥫.  ஢訩   ..  ᠫ
       ᢮  ⪠:  "   殮 ࠭ ⮫믨.  
      ࠧ, 뢠  ⢨ ᫥  17  .  ࢮ
      ⢨ -  ⢮, ஥ - ⮫믨᪮".5*
           ⮬ ᫥  ,   ஥ ⢨ 뫮 -
       ⮫믨      ࢮ,  ᮧ ᠬ .
      "ﬨ    㤠⢥ ,  ᮧ
       ⠪  뢠 ⥢᪮ ⥫쭮  11 
      1905  ।襬   - "" .
            ࣮᪨ ᮢ頭   1905    ।-
      ⥫⢮ ,  ⮢ ⠪ 뢠 루 /-
      ᮢ⥫/ , । ࠢ騬 㣠 ⠫ , 
         .   襭 ⮣  ᥫ ࠪ
      饣 ⥫쭮 .
            אַ,   ᢥ  - ⢮  
      뫮 த஢ ᢮  䥮  ।  -
       ,  㠧,  樮 ᯮᮡ.   
      ந襫  쥧 ப  ⠭ 㭣  "  
      த".      ⥬ ਠ堫 㦨 ࠫ  
       ࠢ.  묨 ࠢ묨   ,  
       ᥣ 13 祫; ਬ୮ 60 ⮢ ਭ 
      ࠪ "ணᨢ" ⨯, 訬   -
      ⠬    ⠬;  ᫥  稫   ⮢ -
      161;  ࠪ 㤮  뢠  107  祫  /⮬  
      㬥訫  97/; ᯠ⨩ 뫮   100.
           ,  㬠   ,   業஬
      ⠫   ணࠬ ਭ㤨⥫쭮  㦤    -
      ୮ ,  ⢥࣭⮣ ६.  뫮 ࢮ ⨢-
      稥. ஥    쥧:  㤮, ﭥ
       ᢮  । ⢥࣫ ᪨ ஥  뤢㫨 ᢮
      ᮡ⢥ /஥ 104-/, ᮤঠ ண ᢮  -

      9
    5*0 1 ..   2ᯮ1   0᪢ 1980 

                                - 7 -

      ᪠樨      樮樨  ᥩ .
        ⮩ 樨   業 襫 ..⮫믨,
         祭  ஬  ७  /26 ५ 1906
      /.  砩 㭥  I    砥  
       ७ :  ⮤ 㪮⢠ ᥡ 
      ௠, 㦥  祫, ᯮᮡ  ࠤ 
       ࠭.   祫   ..⮫믨.  I 㬠 뫠
       ६,  ⨢訬      ᪮ ,
       㣮  - 27 ५.   ᮬ,   ⮫믨 稫
      ᢮      ⮬ ᫥,     뫮  ७
      ஫  ᪨   , ᮢ襭  ਢ-
        ਧ ᪨ ᫮ - ᯥ  ᮦ⥫⢮
      祬   ᭥  ᠬঠ  "த ।⠢⥫-
      ".   ⮫믨 砫 ᢮ "樮"  ८-
         ࠭    ࠢ⥫⢠,   ᥣ  
      ७ ,    뢠.  -, ⢮,
      ஥  ,  뫮 祢,    ।﫮
        । ७ ⨪ ࠢ⥫⢠;    ᠬ
       ⠫     ⮣,    ᬥ ..६모 
       ।ᥤ⥫ ᮢ ஢,    ந諮 㦥  १
      72 .      I   ⮫믨  -
      .     祭      ६  ந諨
         - 8  1906 .
          㬠   業   ⮫믨. 
       뫠 筮 ᫮:   ஭, ⠫ 祢-
      ,  ࠢ⥫  騪    㦨, ⠪  -
      ୠ ணࠬ  㤮 ⠢   ᠬ ⢮-
       ०;  㣮 ஭, ࠧ   ᫮ ᯠ ॢ-
      樮 ⥫쭮    ਢ  ।᪠㥬 ᫥-
      ⢨.  ⥬ 졠  뫠 㦥 䠪᪨ 襭.  
      㦥   ᪥,  ⮫믨  ⥫䮭 ⨫ ।ᥤ⥫
      ,  ..஬楢  ᢮ ७ 㯨  㬥  9
      ,   १ 7  ᪨  㦥  楯 ᪠-
      .   ⮣  稭 ६⥫  ⮫-
         設  .  ᮡ  १ ᪮稫  ३⨭
      ᫥ 襭,  ᮢ襭 ࠬ-ᨬ⠬ 12 
      1906     ᠭ஢᪮ ஢,     
       ᥬ쥩,  뫨 殮 ࠭  ६ 襭  ୠ-

                                - 8 -

      ⨫   嫥⭨ .
           १⮬ ⮣ ⮪   ᫥  
           ⮪ ⢥⭠ ॠ .
          II 㬠 뫠 ࠭ ⮫믨    ⢥  ⥫쭮
        饣 .  ᫥    -
        孨 襫  II  訫 ᮧ    ஬
      ⥫쭮 ,  㦥       ⢮ 
       ⠫ ᭮,    祭,   ᠬ  室  ⥫쭮
       ,  楧ਧ  ଥ 뢠  ﭠ
      襭.
          II 㬠 砫 ᢮ ࠡ 20 䥢ࠫ 1907   㦥 6 -
       ⮫믨 㯨 ।     ࠢ⥫⢥  ணࠬ
      . ᮪  뢠    㪠   9    
      ᫥ 㣨  ய.
            ᪠    ..⮫믨  
      㦥  ⮬,     ᢮ ᪮  -
       蠣,  ᭮  ᨨ  -        
      ஬    "   ⠭ -
      饣 ,  ᪮   -
      짮"  ।  ᪨ ਮ - 9 : I 㬠
      㦥 ࠧ,      ᮧ.   ⮬   ᯥ
        ਢ몭  ᮧ뢠 II .  뭥ᥭ ⮣ 㪠 -
      । 㬮    맢  ।᪠㥬  ॠ    ஭
      ᪨ ⮢.
           㪠  9  ᢮,   ਭ樯    樨
      ᪮ 騭.  ⮫믨 ࠧ蠫 ᥬ 騬 ﭠ
       ᢮  뤥  ⤥쭮 宧⢮  -  "",
      .. ᠬ⥫쭮  宧⢮   ਨ 騭  
        ⤥  騭  -  .    ࢮ,  
      ஬ 砥  뤥﫨   ⮪.
           ﭥ 砫  ⮫쪮 ࠧ襭   室  
      騭,     﫨   ⮬.   ࠧ蠫 宧異,
      訬    襢  ,      騭
       ,  ..  ,  㬥 /" ", 
          㢨       /
      ᫥ ᫥  ।    /     뫨
      室  ० 25 /.    宧鶴, 室訬
       騭        筮 ࠭﫨  ⪨

                                - 9 -

      , 室訥   짮  ७,  砥 -
      ⢨ ।    ᫥  24  .   24  稫
      让 ᮪   ﭠ,  ,  ࠢ,
      ७  ,  / 檮 宧⢠  ७ । 
      뫮/.
          ..⮫믨 ନ஢ ᪮ 宧⢮, ⠢ 
      롫  .  ⮬  ⠥  ᮣ-
         祭  ﭮ,    ᢮  ୠ
      ଠ ⮫믨 ࠭﫠 㯭  㭤, -
           .   ᪮   ᨫ
      楫 鸞 稭 室  諮.      
      :    ᪨   ᮧ 
        ॢ - 㫠.   㤭﫮   﫮  ࠧ⨥
      ⠫  ॢ,   ணᨢ ࠪ ⮫믨᪮
       祢.
          ᪮쪮 ᫥ ஥⮢ ᠫ ᢮ ᮢ-
      . 뫨, ஬ ⮣, 頭 ஥  ਪ᭮
      筮     ⭮ ⢠,  ࠡ稬 -  
      㤠⢥ 客,   ࠭  楫 - ଠ ࠧ-
      .   ணࠬ 뫠   ⮬  .
          ⮫믨 ⢥म  ,   ०   ७  
      ᢮   "த ।⠢⥫⢮".  ⮬ મ ᢨ-
      ⥫⢮ ᫥ ࠧ 㯫.  ,   ࠢ-
      ⥫⢮   ॠ樨 ⮩ ணࠬ ⮢ ᮢ⭮  -
      ⥫묨 ०ﬨ "ਫ 砩訥 ᨫ",  
      ࠧ   ᭨,   ࠢ⥫⢮    :  ࠢ-
      ⥫⢮, ஥ "࠭ ᪨  ᨨ",  .. -
      ঠ  , ࠢ⥫⢮, ஥ "-
         /࠭/ 冷  ᯮ⢨,  ..  ࠢ⥫⢮
      ⮩   ᪮,      㤥 ࠢ⥫-
      ⢮  ⢠".5*
           , 13 , 㯠    ⬥ -
       19  1906   - 㤠, ⮫믨 -
      ஢ ᢮  ᪮ । 쬠 ।  筮
      ࠧ: " 㤠⢮ 易,   室  ᭮,

      
    5*1 ..⮫믨2 " 㦭  "0    1991

                                - 10 -

      ਭ     ⮣,  ⮡  ࠤ ᥡ  ᯠ...
        ,  ᯮ,  뢠  㦨 , -
       ,  ..."**
          10  ⮫믨 㯨   ࠢ⥫⢥ -
      楯樨 ࠧ襭 ୮ .   ࠢ 室  -
      騭  ९   ⢥ 筮 ᮡ⢥,  ⠪
       ᮧ  ᪨   㡭 宧,  ᮧ५  ⮫믨
        祭  ஬ ७ .    
      ᪨ 㥧 ।⥫ ⢠  ।ᥤ⥫ -
       ꥧ ஢ ।,  ⮫믨 ࣨ筮 ய-
       । ⮢楢-   㡠  ஢  -
      , ⨣ 楫 鸞,  室   砫  ⮣  ,
      ᪨ ਣ஢.
            뫠  ஭  ⮣   II 㬥.  9
       ࠪ⮢    롮  ﭨ-쭨 
      ﭨ-宧鶴   ᫥. ࠢ⥫⢮ " -
        ﭨ ,  ,  ..,  ⮪,
      ⠬, 筮,  ᢥ饭, ⠬   ᢮".
          ⮡ ભ  ࠫ쭮  祭  ࠭  
      ⢥ 訬 ⢮   , ⮫믨 稫 ᢮
       ࠧ,  , 筮, 뫠 ⮢ ࠭: " -
      ⨢ 㤠⢥ ⥫    ࠤ,
       ᢮  ࠤ権.  㦭  -
      ,  㦭  ! "
             뫠 ࠧ ,    ६,    -
      ᪮ ᥭ  襩   ᪨ 䥪-
      .
          ⮫믨᪠ ୠ ணࠬ ⮫쪮 ᮢ  -
       ணࠬ  ꥤ ⢠,    ⮣-
       ᪨ ⥫,   ⮢  襢, ०
      ᥣ ન  த⢮.  ஢   ..-
       ⬥砫,   ணࠬ ⮫믨 -  ணࠬ  "ꥤ-
       ".   1906  騩  㬥७-ࠢ -
      订  ᪥  ᠫ:" ,  㤠,  ﭠ  
         ᮡ⢥,       -
      ⢥       ᭮ -
       ⭮  ᤥ,  ᨫ ᥫ,  㤥襢 ।,  
       -  㯨     ࠧ⠭  

                                - 11 -

       묨  묨  ᮡ⢥,   ⮣  ⮫쪮
         㤮⢮   ॡ  ,
        ᠬ ⪠  饭  ॢ樮 ⨥". -
      㤭 ,    ᫥  㭪 ⮫믨᪮ -
      ୮ .
          㦤 㪠 9  1906  砫  㬥  23  -
       1908 , ..    ᫥ ⮣,   襫 
      . 㦤  諮  㣮.  稪  ୮
      ᨨ   ࠢ  ⠫   ..᪨.    
      ᫮   㦤 ਧ,    ᮢᥬ   -
      ᪠樨 쥩    室  ᪮ ࠪ᪮
      襭,   騩    த  ⠢  ⭮
      ᪮ ⮩. ⢥࣠ ⠪ 室  ਭ樯, 稪
      ⨢⠢   筮  ᪮  ᮡ⢥  
      . 쪮  ⠪ ᮡ⢥ 뢥 ﭨ  㦤,
      ᤥ   ᢮ 筮. " ᫨  ⢨⥫쭮 -
       饭 襣 㤠⢠  ࠢ,- ⢥ত ,- 
        ᪠ ⨢ 筮 ᮡ⢥  ".
           ࠧ⥫쭮 뫠  મ 2-,  ᥣ 㡮
      ஢,  ⮬   業.   १७ ⢥࣭
      ᪨ ⥧  ⮬,   ࠢ  ᨫ, મ  类
      :"  㬠,   ᨫ...  ᠭ ࠢ".   -
      室 ⥧.  "    ᪮쪮   ⮣,- ਫ  -
      ,-          ⮬  ,  
      -⠪   ⮬      襣 ".  ⠬ મ
       ॢ ᭮  ,      ࠭
      ᢮    ⠭  ।  ᨫ. 
       ⮢ ᫠  묨 ⨢:
         - ,       ⢨ 㪠 9  
      ᮡ⢥ ணࠬ " ਭ㤨⥫쭮 㦤 "  ⠭
      娧
         - 쬠 ᭮ ᥭ,    砥    ⮫-
      ᪮ ୮    ࠭ ࠧࠧ  ॢ
          ⮬   㯫 ᭮ ⨢  ਧ   -
      ஦,   ࠧ᭥,    "  ਭ㤨⥫쭮 㦤 "
      , 祬 㪠 9 .
           ᪨  ॢ 砫 ᢮   ࠪ-
       ਧ: " 謠    ᨨ -

                                - 12 -

       ࠭ ᢮⢮ 䥭,   ஦饣 ,  -
       ,  襣 ".*  ਧ  ॢ    ஦
      ࠭ ० ᥣ  騭.  頫  "ᯮ-
      ᮡ, ᯮᮡ  "஢" ॢ樨", ॡ ࠭-
        뤥묨 ﬨ ࠪ  .  " 祫-
        ,  - ਫ   ன  ᪨  ,
      ..᪨, -         祭  ⮣  
      ..५  80- .   ⮦ 祫 ,   -
        祭  ⮬ ⭮襭.  ਫ: "ᯮ, ॣ
      騭,   -   ".**
           ᭮  ᥩ ᪮ ⨪ 㪠   । -
      樥.   ᥤ 쭮 ᨨ 16 ﭢ 1908 -
         ..१᪨  : "  ਢ  ࠧ
      ᥫ᪮ ஫ਠ,  -  ⮩ ᢮
      ⮫  ࠡ  ᢮ 㦮 ᮡ⢥..."
          設⢮  ࠢ  ᪠   -
       42-. ਫ,   ୮    ࠧ-
      襭   㣨 ஭,  ..   ,  
        ୮   9 ,      
         ".  "᫨  ,  -  ᪠
       ३,  -  ࠢ  : " ". ⮬
      室 筮 㦤".
          祭 筮  ⭮襭 ࠢ ⮢- ᪮
      㡥୨ ࠦ 殢 "...   /த/    㪠 9
      ,     ;     ࠧ  -
      ,    ,   - 筨 -
        ... ⮬,  㪠 9   㯮 
        ..."
          㤮  頫 騭  ࠧ⥫ । -
      ਭ.       ।  ⨢ 9 . -
      騭,   , 㤮 , ,    頫 
       ண  ᮢ ,   ஧  ⮫-
      ᪨ 㪠.
             ᪠  ॠ樨  ⮣ ⮩ ?
          訬 㬥⠬ ࠧ襭 騭  ᠦ -

      
    5*0,5**0  1᪨0 2"ᯮ"

                                - 13 -

       筮 ᮡ⢥ 뫨 ᪨     ᥫ.
       14    1910  ⢮  祭 8-9 .   1905
        ய᪮  ᨨ 뢠 12,3 . -
      ᪨ ஢.
          ⨢      ᪮쪮-
      ᮢ ਧ樨.  ⥫쭮 ᪮  ⠪ 
         १⮢.  ᥫ᪠  ⨪  ᮡ
      來 த஢ ⮤  ⮣ ⮫믨᪮ ୮
      ⨪. ᥫ  ࠧ廊 ᪮쪮-    ⥫쭮
      쭮 ᭮. ᫮ ᥫ楢  襤  த  -
      頫 ⢥  ᥫ.  設⢮ ⠢
       ॢ,   㢥稢  ᭮  ୮ -
      ७ᥫ,  ⠨襥  ᥡ ஧  ॢ樮 뢠
       ॢ.
           ᫮, ଠ  㤠.  ⨣  -
      ᪨,  ᪨ 楫,  ।  ⠢.
           ० ᥣ ⮫믨᪨  ஢ ᪨. 
       ⠢ ﭨ   쥩 ,  -
       孮⥫   㪠 9 .
           14    1910     29  1911   ⮫쪮 
      﫨 樠쭮 殮  ॢ,     ᨫ    
      ।.
                   ᪨
      ண  ॢ 뫨 ᮢ⨬. ⢫ ண -
        ⢥ ६ ।⥫쭮 ᫮  㭨-
       ࢮ.
          ࠭ 쥣 ᫮   ਢﬨ  砫
      ࠭ ࠢ ᪮ ᫮    -
      ,  㤮, "   "  ..
           ⮬ - ७ ᪮   騪.   뫠
      ᠬ ᨫ쭠 ᪠ ࠤ,  室  ﬨ   
      .      ᪮ ᮧ ᯮ-
      ⢮   :   ਭ  த,    
      ,    騪.   뫮  ᫥  
      ﭠ   㦡,     ६.    ⮩
      㦡         ⥬,    -
      뢠 ᢮ 㤮.   뫠 ࠫ쭠   ⢠,
      ᭮   ᪮ ,     ,  ⮫-

                                - 14 -

      ᪨     蠭ᮢ  ᯥ,    
      .

     3.
          稩 , ⠪ ,   ᪨ ⠫ ⮫믨-
        ᫥⢮  ॢ樨 1905-1907 .  ⮣  ⮫쪮
      ਧ,     㠧 栫  ⢮,  뢠,
        ᨨ  ࠡ祣      ய᪮  ᫥
      ⮣ ᫮,    ᥣ  "᫮ 䠡 ", -
      譨 ,  ⮢     , 䠡ਪ,
      , ⮡   ॢ.
          ணࠬ, ࠡ⠭ ࠡ祩 ᨥ,    ன
       ..殢,  㦥 楫 室  뫪,   -
      ᨨ ࠡ稩   ⠪  ࠪ,     , ,
      ᫥⥫쭮,    ⠪  ,  ਬ, 訫 -
        ଠ.  ᮮ⢥⢨  ⨬ 뫠 ࠧࠡ⠭ ணࠬ-
      , ᢮  ६ ᭮ 㭪⠬:
        1. 易⥫쭠 ࣠ 쭨    ᮢ
           ᮢ  宧異  ࠡ;
        2. ᮧ  䠡ਪ   ᬥ蠭 ࣠   ।-
           ⠢⥫ 樨  ࠡ;
        3. ᮪饭 ࠡ祣   11.5   10,  ࠭祭 -
            ⢠ ᢥ ࠡ;
        4. ᬮ ⥩ ,   ⮢    
           থ   .
           ᪥ "᪮ ⢠  ᮤ⢨  襭
       ࠧ 䠡筮-᪮ ஬諥"  12  ࠦ-
       ⨢ ஥  ᮪饭 ࠡ祣   10 ᮢ  ᢮-
         ᭮ :
        - ᠬ 䠪 㤠⢥ ⥫⢠  ନ஢ ࠡ-
       ६ ਥ;
        - ᮪饭 ਢ  ⮬,   ᪠ ஬諥 "-
       ࠭ ᥣ  - ஫  㭠த ॢ-
      ".5*0 饥  祭 ᪨ ᢮   ॡ-
      ,  ⮬ ᫥ ⠪:

      
    5*0 稩   ᨨ 殢 5   0᪢ 1926 

                                - 15 -

        a) "ਧ  ਭ樯 譥 ⥫  ନ஢
      ࠡ祣 ६,  ࠭   த⥫쭮,  -
        1897  /.. 11.5 ᮢ /  ⮣,
       ⠪ ";
        ) ࠭ ᢥ ࠡ  ⠪ ⮬, ⮡ 饥
      ᫮ 易⥫    易⥫ ࠡ ᮢ  ॢ蠫
      75 ᮢ  .
          , 㧪 , 㬥  祣, ஬ 룮
      ᥣ譥 ,  ।ਭ⥫ 뫨 ⠪,    -
      ⥫    訥 ਠ .
            ,  ᬮ  ஢,  । ⮣  
       ⨣.    ⮬,  ਧ  ﭨ ॢ-
      樨 ⢥म  ,  ⠪     ୮ ⨪,  -
      㠧 ⨪   ࠡ祬 ,  ⪠   -
      楩᪮ ᯮᮡ  ࠧ襭,   ९ﬨ  㡠⮢騭 
      ⢥  ।.   ᢮ ।  㠧,  ᬮ
       ᪨ ਬ⨢,   ᨫ  㦥  ᠬ  ᢮  த
      ᮧ,     襭 ࠡ祣  . -
       ମ ࠢ⥫⢠  ஬諥 뫮  ਧ
      ࠢ ࠡ    ᢮ ᨮ ࣠樨. -
      稩   㠧 ࠧ襭    ⠫  -
        ࠥ㣮  ᪮  ਧ,  
       ⮫믨᪮ ⨧,   ⮩  ࠧ楩, 
         砥 ᪮ ஢ 諮  騪
       ⢮,   ஬ -  㠧  ஫ਠ⮬.
          ࠭᪨ 祭  .  ⠥    稭 ஢
       ⮫믨 ⢨   ⮢  ࠭  -
      ࠢ     ࠡ祬 ⥫⢥:  ⠭ ⪨
      ९ᨩ  ⭮襭  ॢ樮    ६묨
      ᨫﬨ   樠쭮 ᯥ祭 ࠡ.   ⮬ 
        訡 ⮫믨.  ன 訡  ⮫믨  ⠫
      ,     । ᫥⢨ ⥭ᨢ 䨪樨 -
      ᪨ த.5*



      
    5*0 . "  ᮢ᪮ 㤠⢠" .,1992

                                - 16 -

     4.
         " ᪨  "   㬥  1910   裡   -
      ᮬ    ⢥  롮   㡥୨  -
      ⢥ ᮢ.  ᥭ ஥ 뫮 ᮪
      ᫮ 童 㤠⢥ ᮢ - 类. ঠ -
      ⥫쭮 । ᢮  ᫥饬:  㡥-
          ⥫ 㣠    ६  㡥୨ﬨ  
       - ᪨,  ᪨  ᪨. ०  -
      ⥫ ꥧ   : ᪨ 楢  -
      ᪨  (祬  直 﫨   ).  
      ꥧ 롨ࠫ   롮騪.  롮騪  뫨 -
        ࠧ쭮    롨  ᢮ । 童 㤠-
      ⢥ ᮢ.  ᪨ 롮騪  㣠 롨ࠫ 
      童,   ᪨ - .   ࠧ,   ᮢ㯭 
       㡥୨ 롨ࠫ   ᪨   猪.  -
            ⭮ ᠬࠢ ਭ﫠  ࠢ,
       ࠪ᪨ 祣  﫨   ⢥  ஥,
       ⥬   뢠 㬭  ࠩ ࠢ   -
      ᨨ,  ⠪   ୮ 㦤.  ਧ -
      ⨢  ᮥ 樮 ਩  㥧   -
      ⥫쭮 ᮡ࠭      ,    ஢
      設⢮       ᮢ   ਩  ⠪
      ᮥ ⥫.   㡥୨  䠪⨢   -
      ᪠.    ࠪ樨,  訥   ⮢,   ⠪
      ᪮ "" 㯨 ⨢ ஥.  ⨢ 뫨  
      ,    㦤 㣨 樮᪨ ⮢.
             ⮣ 㦤?
          ᪮ ࠫ ⮢ ᨫ મ ࠦ  -
      믨 ,   ᨮ ࠢ ⠫  -
      ஥ . ᭮ 宦 ⮢  ࠢ묨 - -
      । ⢠      ਧ - 뫮
      襭   ࠢ.   ⠫       
      䠪⨢. ஥  ਭ 29  1910 .  ,
      ᬮ   ⥬,  ப  ⢠   -
      ୨   ஥ 諮 ।  :  㤠-
      ⢥ ᮢ 㦥  ᯥ ਭ   1 ,     
      ப 롮஢.
          ஥  뤥  ⢠ ᪮  騭  

                                - 17 -

      -饬  室  ⮫믨᪮ "業" - -
      樮쭮 -  쥤 業,       ﭤ
      த ०  ᥣ 㦮 "ਪ楢"    宬.
      ஥  騭  ਭ 26 ५ 1912   ࠢ-
      ᪨ 設⢮.  4    ।  㤠⢥
      ᮢ,  㦥 23  ⮣   ⢥न     ஥
      ⠫ .
          ⠢  樮   ,  ᯮᮡ ᭨
      ।   ⨨  樠,  ஢.
           ⥬,  ᥭ 1909    祢 㦨-
      ,       㤥.    ਢ  १ ७
      ⨢稩  쥢 ⥬ -  ࠢ    ࠫ쭮
       ,     設⢠,   १ ७
      ⭮襭   㤠⢥  ᮢ⮬.  ⥫쭮  ᮢ
      業   " ⥬᪮ 栭 ᥣ ਭ⮣ -
       ".5*0  १  ਯ⨩   樮⠬
       ࠢ묨 ⠬,  ⠫ ᭮,  ,  ᪠ ஬ 
       " ࠢ",  " ...  ..⮫믨 㦥  㦨
       -  ⮫쪮 㦨".
           ⮫믨     檨   稢-
      襣   ⢮  ᫥騬 ࠧ: 㬠 "
      ᫨誮    ன   -  ᪮  -
      ⮢ ᢮  童,  ⮡      襭 ⠫ 
      쭥 ࠢ 訬묨".5**
   5.      設  ᥣ譥  ᪮  ⥯ ᮡ
         ७ 稭 ⢠ ⮫믨. -
      ᪨ ப     ⮬,    ⥫ -
       ᢮   ⨨  ४  .  ࢠ,  ⠫
      ,  ᯥ ᪨ ᫮,   ⮬ 㦥 -
       "᢮".
           ⮫믨 砫 ᤠ ஢,  ᨫ ⥭न.
      " , ᬮ    ஦",- ᪠  ᢮ .5***
         1911  ⮫믨 堫  ᢮   -

      5
    5*2    ᪢0           ᪢ 1909
    5**2   7  1911 
    5***2 ᯮ1 0 1..0  ᪢ 1992

                                - 18 -

      ,  ࠡ⠫  ᢮ ஥⮬.   ,  ࠡ 諮
      ࢠ     ,    ⢨   
       ⭨ ᠭ II    ᯮ襣-
          .  ॡ뢠 ६-  
      砫  ᪮࡫ -    ,      
      譨    . ⮫믨  諮   ⮬,
        ᫥    ᢨ.     
      .  ।ᥤ⥫  ஢ 諮 ᪠ -
      .  ᪠ ᬥ ⮫믨 㯨 ࠧ ࠭, 祬
      ..஢  ᬥ⥫쭮 ࠭  1 ᥭ 1911   ᪮
      ୮ ⥠.  ࠣ ⮫믨 﫠  ⮬,     
      ⥫  "ਪ稪,  ॢ室饣    -
      ",-  ⨬ ⥫묨 ᫮ 㤭  ᮣ.
           .  㤨⥫쭮,  訡 뫠
      ᮢ襭 ⥫쭮   ᮢᥬ   ᪨ ᫮-
      . ᪠  ଠ  ஢  ,    ,
      筮  ⮩  稭:   ⥫ ⢨  ⨨ 
       ⨨.   ⥭  뢮 祢:   -
       訡 ਨ.

























                   _2                   




     21. 3"  㦭   " 2              0 2 0..⮫믨
          2 ᮡ࠭ 祩  㤠⢥0       ᪢
          2㬥0 2 㤠⢥ ᮢ0  21906-19110       1991


     22.3 " ..⮫믨     ᨨ "0     ..
                                                     ᪢ 1991

     233. "   ઠ쥢 ⮫믨 "0      ..१
                                                ᪢ 1991

     24.   0.   ᪢ 1984
                                      ।樥  㧭殢

     25.   0.   ᪢ 1987
                                      ।樥  ᮢ

     26.  ᪠  0.    ᪢ 1987
                                      ।樥  㫮

     27.0  2" 3..⮫믨 ᯮ    "    0..
                                                    ᪢ 1992

     28.0  2" 3⮫믨  "    0  ..ﭮ
                                     ᪢ 1991

     29.   ᮢ६    30 2-0 21990

