2.3. 2⢥⢥  襭  ⥫⢠,
          2ਬ塞  ⭨ ⮢ ࣮.

  ⭨ ⮢  ࣮,  ⠪     ⭨ 㣨
 ⥫쭮    襭    ⥫⢠
ਢ  ਤ᪮ ⢥⢥.
   ਤ᪮ ⢥⢥   襭  
⥫⢠ :  ⨢,  㣮, -
樯ୠ, 䨭ᮢ().    ਤ᪮  ⢥-
⢥   襭  ⥫⢠  
㯯 ꥪ⮢,  ன ⭮  ⥫.
    ⥫  ⥫⢠  
⥫騪.  ᭮ .3 "  ᭮ 
⥬  ᨩ᪮ 樨 " ⥫騪  -
 ਤ᪨ ,  㣨 ⥣ਨ ⥫騪  䨧-
 .  ᮮ⢥⢨  .2 .13 ⮣   -
ﬨ  ⥫⢠      -
.
   ࠧ, ꥪ⮢ ࠢ襭  ᪫-
  ᫥騥 㯯:  ਤ᪨ ,묨  
। ⮢ ࣮ ,  䨧᪨  ,  
.  ஬ ⮣, ᫨ । ⮢ ࣮  -
  㣨  ࠧ,    砥 -
    ⥫⢠  ⢥⢥ -
⮢ ।⨥   ᮧ襥.    ⮬  㬬  䨭ᮢ
ᠭ権    ਤ᪨  殬    
ᯥ樨   宦( ॣ樨) 䨫.
   襭    ⥫⢠ ⭮:1.⪠
 ॣ樨;  2.⢨   ꥪ  ;
3.   ꥪ      襭
⠭ 浪;4.।⠢  ⠭ ப
⠫쭮 ⭮  ;5.প ᫥ -
   ;6.᮪⨥      ਡ뫨   (   室
);7..
    襭 ᪠  ⥫騪-  ।
⮢ ࣮.
  ⮡ ⪮ ࠧ࠭ ⢥⢥    ꥪ,
ᬮਬ    । ᫥⥫쭮.
ਤ᪠ ⢥⢥ ⥫騪(    -
砥 ।⨩ ⮢ ࣮ )  襭  -
⥫⢠ ।  "  ᭮   -
⥬   ᨩ᪮  樨 "    "  㤠⢥
 㦡   ".
  ।⨥ ⮢  ࣮- ਤ᪮ ,  襢襥
 ⥫⢮,    ⢥⢥   ᮣ᭮
.13 "   ᭮  ⥬  ᨩ᪮ -
樨 "  :
  ) ᪠  ᥩ  㬬  ᮪⮣   室(
ਡ뫨)  㬬      ᮪    ⥭
ꥪ     ࠧ ⮩  㬬,   
୮ 襭- ᮮ⢥饩 㬬  ⭮  ࠧ-
 ⮩ 㬬.  ⠭ 㤮 䠪 諥 ᮪-
   室(ਡ뫨) ਣ஬    襭
㤠     ࣠  ப   -
  䥤ࠫ    ⨪⭮ ࠧ  ᮪⮩
  㬬 室( ਡ뫨 );
  )   ࠧ 10 業⮢   㯫 㬬
   ᫥  ⠫,  ।⢥ ।-
騩 ஢થ,     襭: ⢨
 ꥪ ;   ꥪ -
   襭 ⠭ 浪,  訬
  ᮡ  ᮪⨥    㬬   ஢塞
ਮ   祬  5 業⮢ 饩  㯫 -
   ᫥  ⠫.
  ) ᪠     㣨 易⥫  -
⥦.
  ᭮ .6 .  7   "    㤠⢥  
㦡   " ᭠ ᯥ樨 ࠢ ਮ⠭
樨 ।⨩ ⮢ ࣮       㣨
⠬      䨭ᮢ-। ०  -
砥  ।⠢ (  ⪠ ।⠢) 㤠⢥
 ᯥ     栬 壠᪨ -
⮢, ᮢ,  ⮢,  権   㣨  㬥⮢,
易   ᫥  㯫⮩    易⥫
⥦  ;  ᪨   ( .9 .  7  );
।  ࡨࠦ 㤥 ᪨:   樨 ।⨩
⮢ ࣮  ࣠樮-ࠢ    ᭮-
, ⠭  ⥫⢮ ᨩ᪮ 樨;
 ਧ ॣ樨 । ⢨⥫   砥
襭 ⠭ 浪 ᮧ ।;  ਧ-
 ᤥ ⢨⥫묨  ᪠  室 㤠⢠
ᥩ ਡ뫨 祭  ⠪ ᤥ;   ᪠ ᭮-
⥫쭮 ਮ⥭   ᤥ,     १  㣨
 ⢨ ( .11 .7  ).
  㪮⥫ । ⮢ ࣮  襭 -
 ⥫⢠  ⨢, 樯
 㣮 ⢥⢥. ,  ᮮ⢥⢨  .12 
"   㤠⢥  㦡  "  -
⨢   㪮⥫ ।⨩ ⮢  -
  ࠧ        ࠧ-
஢  㤠:
   ।  ᯥ 㬥⮢    ,
 宧⢥ ⥫쭮 ⥫騪(  ..
। ⮢  ࣮)    室  ࠢ쭮
;
   ⪠    㤠⢥ 
ᯥ権  ᫥ ந⢥, ᪫᪨, ࣮
  饭 ।,  易  ᮤঠ ꥪ
;
   ࠭   襭 ⥫⢠  -
  㣨 易⥫ ⥦     ⥫-
⢠  ।ਭ⥫᪮ ⥫쭮(    襭
浪 ॣ樨 ।,  ⢨ 業,  
⥫쭮  ..);
   ।⠢(  ⪠  ।⠢)  㤠⢥
 ᯥ     栬 壠᪨ -
⮢, ᮢ,  ⮢,   㣨 㬥⮢,  易 
᫥   㯫⮩     易⥫ ⥦ 
.
   ᮪⨥()  ਡ뫨(室)    ᮪⨥ 
ꥪ⮢ ,   ⠪ ᢮६ ।⠢-
   ।⠢   ⠭ ଥ 壠᪨
⮢, ᮢ,  ⮢,  㣨 㬥⮢, 易 
᫥   㯫⮩    㣨 ⥦  ,- 
㬬      ࠧ஢  㤠,   
  ⢨,  ᮢ襭 ୮  祭  ᫥ -
 ⨢ ᪠,-      -
 ࠧ஢  㤠.
   ᮮ⢥⢨  쥩 199 .1    㪫   -
   ࣠権 ⥬ 祭  壠᪨ -
.
㬥  ᪠   室  室  -
⥬ ᮪ 㣨 ꥪ⮢ ,  ᮢ襭  㯭
ࠧ,.. 㬬 㯫祭  ॢ蠥   
 ࠧ஢   㤠-뢠 襭 ࠢ
 ।       ।
⥫쭮  ப   ,  ⮬  ப  -
   楢,   襭 ᢮  ப  
.   199 .2      ﭨ,  ᮢ襭 -
⭮,- 뢠 襭 ᢮  ப    
襭 ࠢ   ।   
। ⥫쭮  ப   .
  㪮⥫ ⮢  ।    ⥫  -
⭮ 㡮 襭 㤮  易⥩    
㢮  ।(.1 .254  ),  ..  樯-
 ⢥⢥.
   壠  ।(⭮  ।)
⠪  ⨢,  㣮,  樯  -
⢥   襭  ⥫⢠,  -
  ᮮ⢥⢨  .  19-25,27,79 "   壠-
᪮   ⭮  ᨩ᪮ 樨 ⢫
㪮⢮ 壠ਥ । ⮢ ࣮. 
 ,    㪮⥫  ।   쬥
ᯮ殮  壠 । ਭ   ᯮ-
   ଫ 㬥⮢  ,⨢騥 -
⥫,  ⮬ ᫥  ,   騬  -
  䨭ᮢ 樯, 壠 ᯮ -
 ᯮ殮.  ⢥⢥    㪮-
⥫ । (.24 ).
.
   ⠪ ᬮ७ ᭮  ⥫  ଠ-
⨢ ⮢, ।ᬠਢ ⢥⢥ ।-
⨩ ⮢ ࣮   㪮⥫    믮  
᢮ 易⥩- ப 㯫稢 .
   ᬠਢ      ࠪ᪨    ਠ-
(ᬮ ⠡ 2.3.1.,2.3.2.).

                 2, ਭ  ⥫
                 2 ⥫⢠

                                                2⠡ 2.3.1.

2
襭ﳪ-    㬬     ..   -    -
ᮢ..,ਢ. 䮢  -    砥   ਠ
栬   ..ᥣ         ਮ⠭. ࠢ. 
          (祫)    (.)(.).  㤥. 
                                     䨭-.೯ࠢ.࣠
2
  1995      537        57284     50434     1097        51
  1996      682        169386    120677    966         78
 .
1996.     1.27%      296%      239%      88.06%      152.9%
1995.
2
   ⠡ ,    1996   ࠢ  1995 
㤥    ਢ  ⨢ ⢥⢥
㢥稫  27%.   裡  ⨬ 㢥稢  㬬 -
.
  㯫祭 䮢  196%  139% ᮮ⢥⢥. -
  ᭮ 䠪஢,    㢥祭  ⢠
  䮢     襭 㪮⥫ﬨ 
壠ࠬ ।⨩.  ஬ ⮣  1996   ࠢ
 1995   52.9%  㢥稫 ⢮ ਠ, -
ࠢ  㤥  ࠢ࠭⥫ ࣠.  -
 ⥬,  1996  㢥稫 ᫮ ⥫,  -
  㬥⠫ ஢ઠ ⪠뢠 ।⠢ -
室 ࢨ   㬥.

            2⥫쭮 ᫥  ⥦  
              2१⠬  ஢ப ।⨩.

                                              2⠡ 2.3.2.
2
.-     ⥫쭮 ᫥ ⥦
-- 
       ., -  १.  १.  १.
       ஢.  .,  䨭ᮢ  㬥⠫. ࠫ
       -   ᠭ権    ஢ப    ஢ப
                                  
              襭 (..)  (..) (. .)
2


ਡ
 1995. 258      155       3540         3043        623
 1996. 303      186       5713         4153        1685
.
 %      117.44   120       161          136.5       270.5
.


 1995. 155      125       2787         2344        957
 1996. 183      111       4443         3603        2199
.
 %      118.06   88.8      159.42       153.71      229.78
2
  ⠡  2.3.2.,     ਡ   
 ⮨  ࠢ   1995    㢥稫
⢮    襭.        ਡ
㤥  襭  1996   ࠢ  1995  
⠢ 120%  .  20% .
    㦭 ⬥,   1996  㢥稫 㬬 -
⥫ ⥦ ,   ᫥  १ ஢-
ப ।⨩.   ⥫쭮 ᫥ ⥦ 䨭-
ᮢ  ᠭ権      1996  㢥稫  ࠢ 
1995 :     ਡ  2173 .;  
 ⮨  1656 ..  ᭮ 䠪஬ -
訬  㢥祭 䨭ᮢ ᠭ権      ,
  㢥稫  ⢮ 砥 ।⠢ ⠫쭮
⭮  窮.
  ஬ ⮣,  㢥稫 ⥦  १⠬ 㬥⠫-
  ஢ப  1996   ࠢ  1995  : 
 ਡ  1110 ..;        ⮨-
  1259 .. 祭 㬬 ⥫ ⥦
 १⠬ 㬥⠫  ஢ப  ந諮  -  -
, 㢥稫 㬬 ᮪⮣   室.
   १⠬ ࠫ ஢ப 㬬 ⥫쭮  -
᫥ ⥦ ⠪ 㢥稫.   1996   ࠢ-
  1995  㬬    ਡ  㢥稫  
.
170.5%,      ⮨  129.78%.  -
祭 ந諮  ᭮        ।ﬨ
   襭.
      ⠡ 㦥稫 ॡ   -
⥫   ⥫⢠, ⭮襭   ਬ-
 ।ᬮ७ ⥫⢮ ᠭ樨.  ਬ 
१⠬ 1995   280 .   ।-
⨩  ࣠権 䮢.
   祭,      룮    -
,祬  뢠  室,㪫    ,⠪  
⢨  ᮢ襭  ⨢  ,㥬   .
ਭ樯    ᭮  ⥬, ஫  -
஭  㦡, ᫥ ,  ᨫ  
⥫騪  ࠪ᪨    ⢥⢥-
,  뫮 ᪮쪮  .⠥  ᮢ⮢
।  ⮢ ࣮ ⭮  ᢮   -
 ᢮ 易-  ப  .






















