
                                      㤠⢥   ᨩ᪮  樨
                                                              襬  ࠧ

                                                            ᪨  
                                        ﭮ᪮  㤠⢥  㭨




                                          ᪨  䠪

                         䥤  " 壠᪨        ⨪ "






                                               




                               ⥬ "   ,    

                                              "













                㤥⪨  筮  䠪  壮筮    祭
                                                     ய  . .



                 㪮⥫  ⥬                                        ஢  . .








                                                                      ﭮ    1997 



2



                          EF


       ................................................... 3

        1.     
                       -
                 .
       1.1. ਠ   祭  襭  䥪-
            ⨢ ந⢠................................. 8
       1.2. 祭  樮쭮 ᯮ짮   ਠ
            ᮢ    ᭨  ਠ   ᥡ⮨-
             த樨.......................................11
       1.3.    ,  ஫      ᯮ짮
            ਠ ᮢ  ந⢥..................15

        2.     
                      .
       2.1. 㬥⠫쭮 ଫ   ᪠  ਠ   
            ந⢥    宧⢥   㦤      
            ᮢ襭⢮.....................................19
       2.2. ࣠ ⨢   室   ਠ
             ந⢮.......................................27
       2.3. 壠᪨   室 ਠ   業⥩
             ࠧ ᯮᮡ  業.........................38
       2.4. ஫   ࠭   ᯮ짮  -
              ந⢥    襭..............57

        3.      
                .
       3.1.     ᯮ짮   ਠ -
            ᮢ, 筨 ଠ樨   ஢..........67
       3.2.    ⠢,         
            ந⢮ த樨 (ࠡ,  )................69
       3.3.       ⥫   䥪⨢
            ᯮ짮  ਠ  ᮢ.................76
       3.4.   믮            ।
            ᭨   室 ਠ..........86
       3.5.   ﭨ   䠪஢  ,   業    
            ᥡ⮨  த樨          ਠ
            ................................................91
       3.6.    १ࢮ  ꥬ  ந⢠
            த樨 (ࠡ, )    襭  ᯮ-
              ਠ  ᮢ.......................96

        ................................................99

         .........................................107

        ................................................111





                          - 

             믮 ⤥ ⠯  ࠡ


    ------T------------------------------T--------------------------
     N                                    ப 믮        
                           +------------T-------------+
    /                                      䠪᪨  
    +-----+------------------------------+------------+-------------+
     1.   ⠢                             
                                                                
          ࠡ,                                   
    +-----+------------------------------+------------+-------------+
     2.    ਠ  ।-                          
                                                                
          ⨨,    饭                            
    +-----+------------------------------+------------+-------------+
     3.   ᠭ  ࠡ:                           
                                                                
            1                                              
                                                                
            2                                              
                                                                
            3                                              
    +-----+------------------------------+------------+-------------+
     4.   믮  ⮢                             
                                                                
                                                           
    +-----+------------------------------+------------+-------------+
     5.   ࠡ⪠ ⤥ ⥩                            
                                                                
          ࠡ                                                
    +-----+------------------------------+------------+-------------+
     6.   襭  ଫ                               
                                                                
           ࠡ                                      
    +-----+------------------------------+------------+-------------+
     7.   ᠭ                                 
                                                                
                                                                
    L-----+------------------------------+------------+--------------

          

           㤥

           ९⥫





                              EF



        Eਠ       F        (,        ਠ,
     㯭    䠡ਪ,       騥        ,
     樨,  ⠫, ⮯     .)    ।⠬,
          ࠢ     祫      楫 祭
     ⮢  த.  ।  㤠   ॡ    楫
           ७  ᢮ ⮨        த
          ᫥    ந⢥  横.
        ஬諥 ﭭ 㢥稢 ॡ ⮢୮-
     ਠ 業⥩    ந⢥.   ᫠
     ७  ந⢠,  ⥫  㤥  ᮬ
     ਠ      ᥡ⮨ த樨      ⮬
     業     .     ਬ, 㤥     㪠
          ᥡ⮨   த樨    設஥
     ⠢   60%,      娬᪮  ஬諥-
     70 - 90%.
              १      ᪠             ᫮
     뭮筮   E㠫쭮F   ⠭   ⥬      
     ஫   室  ਠ   ᮢ      ந⢮
     த樨 (ࠡ, ).
           砥  ।⨨  㤥    ਠ
         ᥡ⮨  ஢    ⠢
     ਬ୮  10%.  ᬮ      稭  
     ⥫  ᬠਢ  ⥬       -
     ⥯    ।.    饥  ६    ᫮
     뭮筮    ।饥  祭  ਮ⠥
     ⢥  ⥫, ⠪    ᭨  㤥 
     ,  ਠ    ⮯.  ਬ,  ᭮
     㤥    㢥祭    娬⮢  (嫮,  -
         .)    1 .   ࠡ뢠    
     ⭮      ࠢ    ଠ⨢묨  ⥫ﬨ,
     ᫨, 筮,      易    ᠭ୮ - -
     ᪨  楫ﬨ.  ⮬  室  ᨬ쭮  ࠭
         樮  室  ਠ  業⥩,
     ,    ⭮,        䥪⨢
     ࣠樨      ஫  ᯮ짮  ਠ.
          壠᪮      ᮤঠ  ଠ
       ᪠  १ࢮ  ᭨  ᥡ⮨  த樨
         樮쭮  ᯮ짮  ਠ,  ᭨
       室,  ᯥ祭  饣  ࠭  ਠ
       ࠭.
        襭  ᡥ०   ᯮᮡ    㯮冷祭
     ࢨ筮   㬥樨,     ப   ७      ⨯
     㭨஢   , 襭   ஢    堭樨    
     ⮬⨧樨   ⭮   - ᫨⥫ ࠡ,   ᯥ祭
     ண  浪   ਥ, ࠭     室   ,
     ਠ, 䠡ਪ⮢,    ,   ⮯
          .,  ࠭祭     ᫠     ,  
     ࠢ     㬥⮢     뤠 ᮡ     
     ண    ਠ.      ᯥ祭   ࠭
     ந⢥  ᮢ,  ࠢ쭮   ਥ, ࠭   
     ᪠    業⥩     祭      稥   
     ।⨨    筮  ⢥ ᪫᪨   饭,
     ᭠饭     ᮢ묨        ⥫묨      ਡࠬ,


                                                           4


     ୮ ன     㣨 ᯮᮡﬨ.  室  ⠪
     ७ 䥪⨢     ।⥫쭮       ⥪饣
     ஫         ᮡ            ᮢ        
     室  ਠ ᮢ.
          裡    ⨬  ᭮묨  E砬  ᫥F  
       ।⨨  ᯮ짮  ਠ  ᮢ
     :
        - ࠢ쭮     ᢮६  㬥⠫쭮   ࠦ
           権      ⮢,   㯫    
          ਠ;
        -       ࠦ   ,  易       
          ⮢;
        -    ᯨᠭ  ⪫    ࠢ  ;
        - ஫    ࠭  ਠ  業⥩  
                ࠭               ⠤
          ;
        - ﭭ ஫    ᮡ  ⠭  
          ந⢥  ᮢ;
        - ⥬᪨ ஫    ᯮ짮  ਠ
             ந⢥         ᭮       
          室;
        - ஫    孮᪨  室    ﬨ   
          ᯮ짮;
        - ᢮६  祭  筮  ଠ樨    稭
              室  ਠ  ᮢ  
          ࠢ    ⠭묨  ⠬;
        - ⥬᪨  ஫      譨  
          ᯮ짮  ਠ,    ॠ.
       ⮤  ࣠樨  壠᪮    ਠ
    ᮢ  ।  E롮      ᪮쪨  ⮤F
          業,    䨪    ⭮  ⨪
    ।.    ।  䠪᪮  ᥡ⮨
    ਠ  ᮢ,  ᯨ뢠   ந⢮, ࠧ蠥
    ந      ᫥  ⮤  業  ᮢ:  
    ।  ᥡ⮨,    ᥡ⮨      ६
    㯮  (),    ᥡ⮨  ᫥    ६
    㯮  ().    砥  ।⨨  ᯮ ⮤
    .
       ஬ ⮣, ਠ   10 "ਠ"  뢠
        䠪᪮  ᥡ⮨    ਮ⥭ (⮢),
          業.      ਠ    
    業  (  ᥡ⮨  ਮ⥭,  ।  㯭
    業    .)  ࠧ    ⮨  業⥩    ⨬
    業     䠪᪮  ᥡ⮨  ਮ⥭  業⥩
    ࠦ      16  "⪫    ⮨  ਠ".
    ⭠  ⨪   "ﭮ᪢"  ।  ᯮ-
        業      16.
       ࣠樨    ࠢ ᠬ⥫쭮  롨  ᯮᮡ
    䨪樨  ਠ  ᮢ.  䨪    
        ⥬⨧஢  騥    ᪫  ࠧ-
      ਠ, । ஫   ࠢ쭮  
    壠᪮ , ᯮᮡ⢮  筮 ।
    ⪫    ⮨  ਠ 業⥩  ࠢ
    .
         ⠪  롮 ⮤      ᪫,    
    ᯥ  ⨢    ⮢୮  ⢥ 


                                                           5

      ᪫,  ⥬᪨  ஫    ࠢ쭮  㬥-
    ஢  権      ਠ   ᮮ⢥⢨
    ⪮  ਠ      ᪫᪮      ⪠
    ਠ      壠᪮  .
       E        ᮢ    ࠡF       祭
      ਠ   ᮢ,  㬥⠫쭮 ଫ
    ᪠  ਠ      ந⢥      宧⢥
    㦤,   ࣠樨  ⨢     壠᪮    
    室    ਠ   業⥩       ஫        
    ᯮ짮   ந⢥    砥  ।⨨.
    ஡ 祭  ⮩  ⥬     
    ⮤  業,      ஫  ਠ  ᮢ,
    ᯮ㥬  ࣠樥,    ⠪  ।    -
    襭  ᯮ짮  ਠ    ࠬ    ᯮᮡ
      壠᪮    ਠ  ᮢ,  䨪-
    ஢    ଠ⨢      壠᪮  .
       ࣠樨  壠᪮    ਠ  業⥩
    㤥  ᬠਢ    ਬ  E  "ﭮ᪢"F.
    㭨樯쭮 ।⨥ ஢  樮
    宧⢠ "ﭮ᪢"    ३ 
    . ﭮ᪥. ।⨥ ᭮   諮 , 
     ᪥  ஥   - 1861 . ६
    ⥬ ஢ - 樮  宧⢠ ।⠢
    ᮡ ᫮  ࠧࠧ ᮮ㦥, ᯥ稢
    ,    ॡ⥫   ॡ㥬 ⢥
     饣 ⢠,  ⠪ ࠭ᯮ஢  , 
        .
       ஬ ⮣ ।⨥ ⢫:
       - ஫  ⢮ 뢠 筮 ,
       - 孨 ᯫ ⥬᭠  ⢥,
         ᯥ稢 ᯥॡ   ࠡ  ᮮ㦥
          ⮬ ॡ ࠭   樮쭮 ᯮ-
           ᮢ.
        饥 ६ ।ᯨ筠 ᫥ ࠡ
    ⠢ 浪 2700 祫.
       㪮⢮  㭨樯쭮 ।  ᯥ祭 ଠ-
     ࠡ ப ᯮ ᮢ६ ⮤ ࠢ. 
    壠ਨ, ᪮ ⤥, ⤥ ஢  -
    ⨧஢.
        ⮣ ࠡ 1996  ⥫  ᭮ 
    , 뢠 ࣠樥 ⠢:
           E F
       - 室, . .              118 658 496,4
       - 室, . .              93 112 023
       - ਡ                         25 526 473,4
       - ७⠡쭮,%                        27,4
           E F
       - 室, . .               59 059 517
       - 室, . .              70 564 712
       - ⮪                          11 505 195

       ᫥    筮 樮
    ᮮ㦥,  ⭮  ਢ  㢥祭 䮢.
        饥 ६ ।⨥  㪮  ४
    㭮 . .,   壠 쪨 . .
         ਠ  業⥩  ࣠  ࠡ⭨
    ਠ쭮  ⤥  ࠫ  壠ਨ  
    "ﭮ᪢".


                                                           6



               E1.       .F


             ।    ਬ    讥    ⢮
     ࠧࠧ  ⮢୮ - ਠ 業⥩. 
     ᯮ     ந⢥  -  ࠧ.        
         ॡ        ந⢥    
     (,  ਠ,  騥  ,  䠡ਪ  
     . .),  㣨  -   ⮫쪮   ᢮   (  ᬠ
     ਠ,  ,  ᪨),    - 室      
        譨   ( ),  ⢥  -
     ⮫쪮  ᯮᮡ  ⮢        
                       娬᪨   ⠢   (業
     ந訢騥  ।).


 3F
                           EF

       Eਠ  F  (,  ਠ,  㯭 -
    䠡ਪ,  騥  ,  樨,  ⠫, ⮯-
        .)    ।⠬,    ࠢ  -
        楫  祭  ⮢  த.  ।  㤠
    ॡ  楫      ७  ᢮ ⮨ 
      த       ᫥     ந⢥
    横.
         ஬諥  ﭭ  㢥稢 ॡ ⮢-
      -  ਠ  業⥩    ந⢥.  ᫠-
      ७  ந⢠,   ⥫  㤥   ᮬ
    ਠ    ᥡ⮨  த樨   ⮬ 業  
    .    ਬ,  㤥    ਠ   -
    ⮨  த樨    饥  ६  設஥ -
    ⠢    60%,        娬᪮   ஬諥 -
    70  -  90%.    ࠧ  ਠ  ⠢ -
    訩  㤥        ᥡ⮨  த樨, ⨬
    ।  室  ᮡ 筮   ண -
    ஫   樮 ᯮ짮     ਠ   -
    ⢥,  ᪮    ਠ   ⢥
    ᭨  ᥡ⮨  த樨  (ࠡ,  ),      
    蠥 砥 ਡ   ந⢠  ॠ樨.
       ஬  ⮣,    ,  ਠ,  ⮯  ࣨ
        ந⢥  ॡ  ࠢ筠   㢥-
    祭    ந⢠,  ᫥⥫쭮,  ᭨   ਠ-
      த樨  ᯮᮡ  㢥祭  ꥬ    ᪠ 
     樮쭮 室  楫.
         饥  ६    ᫮ 뭮筮  ।-
    饥 祭 ਮ ⢥ ⥫, ⠪ 



    ᭨  㤥    ,  ਠ,⮯  ࣨ.
    ⮬    ᮢ६    E㠫쭮F ⠭ -
        䥪⨢  ᯮ짮  ਠ ᮢ,
          १  室  ਠ   
    ந⢥    宧⢥  㦤    ,   業
    䥪⨢    ᯮ짮     ⥫ ਠ-
        믮     ᭨   室
    ਠ  業⥩,    ᠬ  ,  ।  १
      ꥬ  ந⢠  த樨  (ࠡ,   )   
    襭 ᯮ짮 ਠ ᮢ.
         宧⢥   ⥫쭮  ।   (࣠-
    樨)  䥪⨢    ⮢७  ⮫쪮   ᫮ ⪮ ࣠-
    樨  壠᪮      ஫ ᯮ짮 ਠ-
        ந⢥,     ।     䠪᪨
    室,  ᮯ⠢       ଠ⨢묬  室.  ⮬
    ⠥  祭  ନ஢      ⮢୮  -
      ଠ樨    稥,     業 ந⢥
    ᮢ      ।⨨   (࣠樨),   ⪮  ࣠樨
    宧⢥  ஫      ࠭   ᯮ짮-
        ந⢥,      ࠧ  ᢨ⥫  -
    쭮 ࠭ ⥬ ᫥.
          ࠡ    祭  ࣠樨  -
    ,  ஫      ᯮ짮  ਠ  ந-
    ⢮,    ⠪  ᪠  業  ਠ -
    ᮢ,  ᯮ㥬      "ﭮ᪢"    1995 - 1996
    ,    䥪⨢   室  ਠ  ᮢ   
    ஢  ᭮    ࠡ,    㦨 ஢-
       樮 ᮮ㦥   1995  - 1996  .   -
      १ࢮ    ꥬ  த樨  (ࠡ,  )   
    襭 ᯮ짮 ਠ ᮢ  砥



    ।⨨.
         ᪮  窨  ७  筠 楫  ࠡ-
      -  ।  饭  룮   १ 䥪⨢-
      ᯮ짮  ⤥    ਠ  ᮢ    
     "ﭮ᪢".
       ꥪ⮬  ᫥    ࠡ     "-
    ᪢".  㭨樯쭮   ।⨥  ஢   
    樮  宧⢠  "ﭮ᪢"     -
       ३   . ﭮ᪥.  ।⨥ ᭮   1862
    .,      ᪥    ஥   . -
      ⥬  ஢  -  樮 宧⢠ -
    ⠢  ᮡ  ᫮     ࠧࠧ   ᮮ㦥,
    ᯥ稢  ,        ॡ⥫    
    ॡ㥬  ⢥    饣  ⢠,  ⠪ ࠭ᯮ-
    ஢  ,      .
       ஬ ⮣ ।⨥ ⢫:
       - ஫     ⢮  뢠  筮   ,
       - 孨  ᯫ  ⥬  ᭠   -
         ,  ᯥ稢  ᯥॡ      ࠡ
           ᮮ㦥    ⮬  ॡ  ࠭    
         樮쭮 ᯮ짮  ᮢ.
         1996  .  ꥬ  믮  ࠡ ⠢ 177 698.0 .
    .,      ᥡ⮨  163  676.7  .  ., -
        -  74  380.0  . .,  ਠ-
    41.9 .
       ।ᯨ筠  ᫥  ࠡ  ⠢   浪
    2700 祫.
      㪮⢮  㭨樯쭮  ।    ᯥ祭 -
    쭮  ࠡ  ப  ᯮ  ᮢ६  ⮤ ࠢ-
    .  壠ਨ  ᪮ ⤥  -
    ⨧஢.



         ⭮  ⨪    "ﭮ᪢", ਭ⮩  -
    ⢥⢨    ﬨ    壠᪮  "⭠ ⨪
    ।  (࣠樨)"  (ਪ  䨭    28.07.94 .)
      ।樨  ਪ    26.12.94  .  N 170, ࠦ ᫥騥
    ᯮᮡ  壠᪮ :
       -  壠᪨      ।⨨  ࣠   -
    ॠ쭮 -  थ୮ ଥ     ਬ ᯥ樠쭮 -
    ࠬ  ᯥ祭    ⮬⨧樨  壠᪮   
     ᮭ ;
       -        ந⢮  ⢫  ⫮
    ⮤;
       - ਠ  業 뢠     10 "ਠ"
       12 "業  ந訢騥 ।"   -
     業  ਮ⥭, ࠧ   䠪᪮  ᥡ⮨-
      ਮ⥭  ਠ  ᮢ    ⭮   (⮢)
    ⮨  ࠦ        ᯮ짮  16 "-
      ⮨ ਠ";
       -  䠪᪠  ᥡ⮨  ਠ,  ᯨ뢠  -
    ⢮,  ।    ।  ᥡ⮨,   ⮬ 
    祭  ⭮    ਠ    ᯨ뢠 
    ந⢮    業,          ⭮-
      ᮮ⢥    ⪫  䠪᪮   ᥡ⮨-
     ਠ  ⮨    業.
       壠ᨩ      ਠ  業⥩     
    "ﭮ᪢"  ⢫    ਬ  ࠧࠡ⠭-
      ᯥ樠쭮    ।  ணࠬ ᯥ祭 "
    壠 ਠ쭮 ⤥".
         ᮢ६  ᫮,    ।⨥ 䨭 ᢮
    ந⢥  樠쭮 ࠧ⨥  ᮡ⢥ 筨-
    , ⠥ ஫ 㤨 - ᭮  㬥 뭮筮
    .  ⥫쭮 ஭ 宧⢥ ⥫쭮
     "ﭮ᪢"  ⭥  䠪,   ।-



    ⨨  ࠧ  ஢ 㤨᪨ ஢ન,  -
       뫮  業 樮쭮  䥪⨢-
     ᯮ짮 ਠ  ந⢥, ஢ -
    쭮 壠᪮   (㯫, ࠭-
    , ६饭  ᯨᠭ) , ਠ, 㯭 -
      . .
       ᪮ ᭮  ࠡ   ᮢ-
    ६ ⮢  砥 ᠬ, 祡  -
    ᪨ ᮡ   宧⢥ ⥫쭮, -
     ᪨ ᡮ୨,  ⠪   ᪨
    ਮ᪨ .
       ࠪ᪮ ᭮  ࠡ   -
     ⮢  "ﭮ᪢"  1995 - 1996 ., 
    ⠪ ⥫  権    ਮ, ᢥ-
     ᪮  ᨭ᪮  ਠ
    業⥩,  -  ।.
        ᠭ  ࠡ 뫨 ᯮ짮 ᫥騥
    ਥ ᪮ :
       -  ࠢ,
       -  ⠫,
       -   ।  ⭮⥫ 稭,
       -   ⥫ ,
       -  ᪨ ,
       -  ਥ 楯 ⠭   ࠧ,
       - ᮢ 離  㣨.





3F
          E  1.     
                  
             .

          1.1         
              .F

         䥪⨢,  樮쭮 ᯮ짮  ਠ-
      ᮢ, 묨  ᯮ ⢮, ⠥   
      ஡    ᪠ ⥩  襭 䥪⨢-
      ந⢠.
         ࠡ⪨ த樨,  ᯥॡ  ⬨筮  -
     ⢥    ।⨥  (࣠)  
     ᭮묨 䮭   묨 ।⢠. ᫥  ।⠢-
      ᮡ ᮢ㯭  䮭  䮭 饭.
          ந⢥  䮭  -   । 㤠, 
      ࠫ  ⢨ 祫     㤠,  
       ࠡ뢠  த.   ᯥ稢 ந⢥-
        । (࣠),   ஬  ᯮ
     ⭮    ७  ᢮ ⮨    ᮧ-
      த.  ஢    । 㤠  뢠
     ਠ묨  ந⢥묨 ᠬ.
        訬  ⥫  E䥪⨢  ᯮ짮 ந-
     ⢥  ᮢF     ⥫   ਠ
     த樨 (ࠡ, ).   ਠ த樨  (-
     ,  )   ⭮襭  , ⮯,  -
       㣨 ਠ  ᮢ,  ࠫ쭮   ⮨-
     ⭮  ࠦ,    ꥬ  ந த樨 (ࠡ, -
     ).
         ࠪ⨪  뢠 騥     ⥫   -
     ਠ த樨  (ࠡ, ),   ⠪  㤥쭠 -
     ਠ   ⤥      ,  -


3F
     ⥫    㤨     室 ਠ ,
     ,    (    ᭨) ਠ  
     ந⢮ த樨   楫,   ⤥  㯯  -
     栬 த樨,    祭 ,  ᪮ ਠ-
                ந⢮ ஬諥
     த樨 ⠢ 3/4   ⮨ [. 1].
                                                    1.
        E ਠ   ந⢥
        ஬諥 த樨    1995 , %.F
0   ------------------T----T-------------------------------------T-----
                    -      ⮬ ᫥:                    - 
                      +-------T-----------------------------稥  
    ᫨ ஬- --  :                     - 
                      +------T------T------T--------+ 
                 ᯮ.⮯-ࣨ      
                                .-                  
                               .ਠ                    
   L-----------------+----+-------+------+------+------+--------+------
3F     ஬諥-     100  73.6    63.2   4.3     3.6     2.5    26.4
    
    ࣥ⨪  100  57.4      -    5.0    51.9     0.5    42.6
    ⥤뢠    100  15.7      -    4.7     1.8     9.2    84.3
    ୠ ⠫ࣨ 100  75.4    56.0   6.0     9.2     4.2    24.6
    設஥     100  64.5    57.4   3.8     1.2     2.1    35.5
    饢 ஬諥- 100  88.7    85.8   2.6     0.4     0.6    10.6
    
    ------------------------------------------------------------------
        [   , . 34].
        ᭮    ⠡,    ਠ   -
     諥    楫  ॢ蠥  50%  ,   ⤥ ,
     ਬ,    饢,  ⨣  88.7%.    ⮬  訩
     㤥          室    ᭮
     ਠ.      "ﭮ᪢"   ਠ -
     樨  (ࠡ,  )    1996    ⠢ 45.4% , 祬
     ᭮    ਠ    室   ⥯-
     ࣨ    ࣨ  (62.5%). ⥫쭮, ᮪饭



     ਠ       ᭨  ਠ   த樨
     (ࠡ, )     ᬠਢ  ।
     (࣠) 訬 䠪஬ 襭 䥪⨢  ந-
     ⢠.
        筮  ᪠,    ᭨  室 ਠ  1%
     ᯥ稢    ᥡ⮨    2.4  ࠧ , 祬
     㬥襭  1% 䮭 ஡⭮      4  ࠧ -
     ,  祬  ᭨    1%  ⠫   樮쭮
     宧⢥ [     , .14].   ਠ  -
     ⢥ த ᯮᮡ  樮쭮 室.
         ⤥쭮 ।⨨   ᭨ ਠ  -
     樨  ࠧ      㤠     㬥襭
     ⢠  ࠡ뢠  ਠ    ⮩    ணࠬ
     ᪠,  ᭨  㤮  ⮢  . -
     ६ ᭨  ਠ        
     ⠭  㤮    ६      
     ⮣    ⢠  ਠ    ⮢ த樨, 
     ਢ    襭  ந⥫쭮  㤠, 襭 -
     짮 設   㤮   ,  ᫥⢨,  䮭-
     ⤠  ᭮  ந⢥  䮭  ।  ᭨-
      䮭.
        C  ਠ  뢠  ⢥ ﭨ 
      ⢥  ⥫ ࠡ  । (࣠)  -
     ᥡ⮨,  ਡ,  ७⠡쭮  த樨  (ࠡ, -
     ).  襭  ਠ     ந⢮ த-
     樨    ந⥫쭮  㤠 ਢ   ᭨ ᥡ-
     ⮨ த樨,  ᫥⥫쭮,   ਡ뫨,   ७-
     쭮  ந⢠.    ࠧ,  ᭨ ਠ-
       ।  䥪⨢  ᯮ짮  㤮 -
     ᮢ, ᭮ 䮭    ।.
         ᪠  ᫥,    ᭨   ਠ
     த樨 (ࠡ, )    ᭮  ࠢ



     襭 䥪⨢ ந⢠.
          ਠ  ᯮᮡ    䠪஢. -
     ᬮਬ  稬:
        1)    ᪠  த樨:   ᫠ 㪮 -
     ᫥   ࠢ   ਠ (ਡ஥,  ࠤ-
     孨  . .);
        2) 襭 ⢠   ਠ   ᮪
     ॡ  쥢   ⠫;
        3)  ந⥫쭮 㤠;
        4) ७ ᯥ樠樨 ந⢠ ᯥ稢 ᭨-
      ⢥   ᯮ짮 ⤥  -
     ਠ;
        5)  ਠ쭮  ⨬㫨஢      ࠡ祬
      (६    . .);
        6) ᯮ짮  ⨦ 筮  - 孨᪮  ண-
     ,   孨   ᮢ६ ᡥॣ  孮
      ந⢥  ਠ   筮 த樨  (室,
     室 孮  . .).
            䠪஢   䥪⨢  ந-
     ⢠   樮쭮 ᯮ짮  ਠ ᮢ,
     ஥   襩   襩 ⥯  易   ᥬ -
     ᫥묨 䠪ࠬ.

      E1.2.     
           
      .F

        ਠ  ᠬ ⭮     । -
    ⢠   ।⮢ ॡ,   ਠ  ,
    . .      ⢥  த,   
      㤮⢮  ਠ  ॡ  ⢠   
    楫    童  ⤥쭮.



           ந⢠  ,  ⮡   ਠ
    ᮢ  ﭭ     ᯥ祭 뢭
      䥪⨢.  ⥫쭮,    ந室 ﭭ
    ந⢮ ਠ ᮢ.      -
    ந⢠ ਠ ᮢ:
    1) ⥭ᨢ;
    2) ⥭ᨢ.
       ⥭ᨢ   ।ᬠਢ    ⥬  
    뢠 ᫥ ஬諥   ⥬, ⮡  த樥 
    ᫥ ᯥ   筮 ஢ ࠡ뢠騥  -
    . ,  쭥襥 ७  ந⢠    ந-
    室 ⮫쪮   ᭮  ⢥   ⮢ ந-
    ⢠  ⮩   孮᪮ ᭮, ᪮   易
     ﭭ묨  祭ﬨ   ந⢥   -
    ⥫ ।   ࠡ祩  ᨫ. ஬  ⮣, ⥭ᨢ  
    㢥祭  ꥬ  ந⢠  ਠ ᮢ ࠭-
      ⢥묨  த묨  ﬨ     -
    짮.    ,     쥢 ᮢ 
    ࠭,         ந, ⮬ ⮫쪮
    ,  樮쭮    ᯮ짮   ࠡ뢠 -
           ண     -
    襬 饬.
        ⠪ 楯    ᭮ ⥭ᨢ   -
    ந⢠,   ।   ᭮ ᯮ짮  -
        ⨦  孨    孮   -
    짮      室   ᮢ  -
     ந⢥ ॡ.
        ਠ ᮢ  ࠦ  襭  ஢
      짮, .  .  ᭨ 㤥쭮  室 
    ࠢ  ஢,  ⨣  ।饬  ਮ. 
    ᮢ    ।⨨  (࣠樨)    ⢫
      ࠢ:
       1)  祭  ⥫쭮  ࠧ    ଠ⨢  (



    ⠭ ଥ  室 ਠ     )  䠪-
    ᪨ ⢮ 室㥬 ᮢ;
       2)     ᭨      ଠ⨢     室      ਠ.
         窨  ७  壠᪮    ⠭ 稭
        ᭨      ⢫ ⮫쪮
      ࠬ  ଠ⨢  ⮤,  ਬ  ⮣  ⮤  
    "ﭮ᪢"  㤥  ஡  ᬮ७   .4, 5 -
     3.
        ⮦ ६,   㦥 뫮   ࠭, ᭨  -
       ᯮᮡ ᮪饭   㤠   ⮢-
     த樨, ,  ,  ᭨   ᥡ⮨,   -
      襩  ।뫪  襭 ⨢ ந-
    ⢠.
       襭  㤥  室  ਠ  ᮢ ᯮᮡ-
      㢥祭  宧⢥  .  ᮡ
        ᮢ६  ᫮,    ਡ  
    筨  ࠧ  䮭  ᪮   ⨬㫨஢.
     ࠧ,  樮쭮 ᯮ짮  ਠ ᮢ
     訬  䠪஬ ᭨  ਠ   ᥡ-
    ⮨  த樨  (ࠡ,  ),  襭  ਡ쭮  
    ७⠡쭮 ந⢠.
         ⮫쪮   ⮬   ﭨ    䨭
    ।.  ⮨  ਠ  ᮢ ⠢ ᭮-
        ।. ᪮७   稢 
    讥 祭, . .   ⮬ 砥   㡫  
    । ந 訩  ꥬ த樨.   㤥
    室 ਠ  㦥 砥  ᪮७ 稢,  ,
    ஬  ⮣,㬥       ࠧ ந-
    ⢥ ᮢ,  ᢮訥   ।⢠ ᯮ-
      ७  ந⢠  ࠬ   ।,
    . .   㢥祭  ꥬ ந⢠   ਢ祭 -
    ⥫    ।.  ⥫쭮,  樮쭮  -
    짮  ਠ  ᮢ  ⥫쭮     



    ᮢ㯭 ⥫ ந⢠.
       ⮬    ࠪ⨪      ।  (࣠樨)
      ᮡ  ०       ஢ ந⢠,
    㦭   ਥ஢      ᡥ०.   ᪫⥫쭮
    讥  祭    ࣠樮,  ᪨   -
      ய,  ࠢ    ᭨  ਠ
     ᥡ⮨ த樨.
       ࣠樮 ய   ᥡ:
       - 襭  ᭮ ७ ⨦ 筮 - 孨-
    ᪮ ண ஢ ࣠樨 ந⢠;
       -  ࣠    ⨢  ଠ樥    ⠢
    ਠ  業⥩    ࠡ⪠  ॡ   ⠢
     ᮢ, ப, ଠ   ⠢.
       ᪨ ய ।ᬠਢ:
       -  ᪮  ᭮  ।,  ࠢ   
    襭 ᯮ짮  ᮢ   ࠢ ,   ⠪  
    ᪨ ;
       -  ਠ  ⢥⢥  ࠢ᪨  㦡  -
    ࠧ ।,  ⤥, ਣ,  ࠡ   㦠 
    室   ० ⭮襭   ਠ  ᠬ   -
     믮 ᭮  ॡ 孮᪨ ᮢ  
    .
         ࠢ  ய  ⭮:  ࠧࠡ⪠ ਯந-
    ⢥ ଠ⨢  ⮢   樮쭮 ᯮ짮  
    䥪⨢ ࠢ ᠬ.
        ,    ஢ ⤥,  ࠧ, ।,
    ⠪      ஢  ஬諥   楫  饣 
        ,  ⮬   ஫   ⥬
    ,  ࠢ      ਠ ᮢ, ᭨
    ਠ    ᥡ⮨  த樨 ࠥ 樮쭮-
    ࣠樮    ਠ   ।⨨, ⢫
     ᮮ⢥⢨  ⠢묨 砬 , ஫  



    ᯮ짮 ਠ  ந⢮.

         E1.3.   ,    
            .F

       ।  壠᪨  ⮬,  ஫    ᯮ짮-
     ਠ  ᮢ   ।⨨   ᫥騥 -
    :
       1) ࠢ쭮   ᢮६  㬥⠫쭮 ࠦ  
    権  ⮢, 㯫   ਠ;
       2)    ࠦ  , 易    ⮢-
    ;
       3)  祭  ⮢୮  ଠ樨   ⪠  
    ਠ      ࠭, ।  ஢ ᯥ祭-
      ।;
       4)  ࠢ      ᯨᠭ ⪫  ࠢ
    ;
       5) ஫   ࠭  ਠ 業⥩   
     ࠭     ⠤ ;
       6)  ﭭ  ஫    ᮡ  ⠭  
    ந⢥  ᮢ;
       7)  ⥬᪨  ஫    ᯮ짮 ਠ 
    ந⢥   ᭮   室;
       8)  ஫    孮᪨  室    ﬨ   
    ᯮ짮;
       9) ᢮६ 祭  筮 ଠ樨   稭 -
        室  ਠ  ᮢ    ࠢ  
    ⠭묨 ⠬;
       10) ⥬᪨  ஫    譨   -
    짮  ਠ,   ॠ;
       11)          ந⢮ -
    樨 (ࠡ, );



       12) 業 ஢        ⥫ -
    ਠ;
       13) ஫  믮   । ᭨  
    室       ਠ   ᮢ     
    ਠ ;
       14)        稭  室 ਠ, ࠧ-
          ந⢥  ᯮ짮, 業 䥪⨢-
      ⥩ ᭨ 室;
       15)    ᯮ짮  宧⢥ १ࢮ
    ᭨ ਠ     ﭨ  ꥬ  ந⢠
    த樨 (ࠡ, ).
         ᯥ譮  믮  ⠢    ,
     १  ਠ  ᮢ     -
       :    㯫  ਠ  ।-
    ⨥  ᪠  ⮢ த樨,       ⠤ -
      ।  ⢥⢥     ࠭  樮-
     ᯮ짮.
       ⢥ᢥ,    ⠤  ⮢  ⢫ -
    ஫    㯫  ਠ  ண   ᮮ⢥⢨  -
    祭묨  ࠬ;  ࠧ஬  ࠭ᯮ⭮  -  ⮢⥫
    室,    ⠪    ਠ     䠪஢묨
    ⠢,    ࠦ    ॣ    ⮢
     ⠢騪.
         ⠤  ࠭        祭   
    ࠢ쭮  ࠧ饭  ந⢥  ᮢ,   ⠪ -
    ०      ᪫.  ।⢥  ﭨ  
    ⠭   ਠ 뢠  ஢ ࠧ  ᪫-
     宧⢠,    冷 ࠭, 㯫   -
      ਠ  業⥩.  室 ᫮ ⢥
    ஫   ﭨ ਠ  ᮢ    "ﭮ-
    " : 稥   ।⨨   筮 -
    ⢥ ᪫᪨ 饭, ᭠饭 ᮢ묨   ⥫묨



    ਡࠬ,  ୮  ன    㣨 ᯮᮡﬨ, ᯥ樠-
      ᪫;  ࠧ饭  ਠ  業⥩  ᥪ 
    㯯.    ᯥ祭    ࠭  ਠ -
    ᮢ   ࠢ쭮       ।⨨  ⢥ত-
    ,    ᮮ⢥⢨    ⥫⢮, , ⢥⢥
     ਥ,     ᯨᠭ ਠ  (騥 ᪫,
    ᯥ),    ࠢ쭮    ᢮६  ଫ  
    権,    ⠪    ࠭  ७    ਠ
    業⥩.    ⨬  栬   ⠭ 浪 
    쬥    ਠ쭮 ⢥⢥.   ਥ,
    ६饭    㢮쭥  ਠ쭮  ⢥⢥  -
    ⥫쭮 ந ਧ ਠ.
        ᭮   ਠ ⮪    "ﭮ᪢-
    "    ६饭  ਠ  ⭮⥫쭮 ୮
    : ⠢騪  -      ࠧ -   ந-
    ⢮.

0     ------  ------------------------------------     ------
                 ࠧ            - 
     -  1  -----  3    -----  3    ----- 5    ஭- 
          --+   2  +-------+ 2  +-------+ 2   +-     
     ⠢-    LT--T-       LT--T-       LT--T-          
           L---+--+---------+--+---------+--+---    ࣠-
     騪 +-    4  6       4  6       4  6   L---+-
            ----+--+---------+--+---------+--+--     樨  
              -+--+       -+--+       -+--+           
                                                   
              L-----       L-----       L-----           
                                            
     L------  L------------------------------------     L------

     3F. 1   ਠ   "ﭮ᪢".
     祭:
        1 - 㯫 ਠ  ⠢騪;
        2 - ࠭ ਠ   ࠧ;
        3 -  ਠ     㣨 (७
            ६饭);
        4 - 뤠 ਠ ।⢥  ந⢮;
        5 - ॠ 譨 ਠ  ஭;
        6 -  ਠ   ࠧ.


3F
          ࠧ,  㯨訥  ਠ  業     
     "ﭮ᪢"  室  ।⢥    ,
       ९      ࠧ  ⪮ ।-
     ,   ᯮ   ਨ ᮮ⢥饣  ࠧ-
        ⪠   । (     
     "ﭮ᪢" 室  ࠧ  த).
           室 ਠ  業 ᪠  
     ந⢥    宧⢥  㦤  ࠧ    
      㣨 ࠧ (७ ६饭).
        ⮢    ਮ⥭  室 ਠ -
     ᮢ    砥  ।⨨    ⤥ ਠ쭮
    ᭠ ().
            稬 ⠯  ਠ  業-
     ⥩  ।⨨      ந⢮   -
     饥 ᯮ짮.   ⠭ ஫   ᮡ-
        室    ਠ,    -
     筨    ᮪饭     室  
     ࠡ⪥.
         ࠧ,  ࠢ쭮 ࣠     ஫ 
     ᯮ짮 ਠ ᮢ    ७-
      १ ।,  ᯮᮡ ७   ந⢮
     ᥣ    ணᨢ  , ᫥⥫쭮,   -
      ।뫪 襭 䥪⨢ ந⢠.
        襭      ஫   ।⨨ ᯮᮡ
     ⪠ ࣠ ⨢   壠᪮   -
        業⥩,  ᢮६       㬥஢
     権   .


3F
        E  2.        
                  .

        2.1.          
                  
        .F

       ࢨ 㬥   室  ந⢥ ᮢ  -
       ஫   ࣠樨 ਠ쭮  , .. -
       ᭮. ।⢥   ࢨ  㬥⠬ -
    ⢫ ।⥫,  ⥪騩   ᫥騩 ஫  
    ,  ࠭    樮  ᯮ짮 -
      ᮢ.
         "  壠᪮ "    21.11.96 N 129-3  (.
    9)  "   壠᪮   ⭮   ᨩ᪮
    樨",  ⢥ত  ਪ  䨭  ᨨ   26.12.94
    N  170,  ࠧ  "㬥஢  宧⢥ 権" (.7-
    10) ਢ  ᭮ ॡ   ଫ,  浪 -
     ࢨ  㬥⮢   ७ᥭ    ⮢୮  -
    ଠ樨  壠 ⭮.
       ᭮        ॣ 壠᪮  -
      ࢨ    㬥,  䨪騥 䠪 ᮢ-
      宧⢥  樨.     ,  ᢮६   
    ࠢ쭮 ଫ  ࢨ 㬥⮢   饩  ⥯-
       ⢮, ⮢୮   ⨢  壠-
       楫.
         ࢨ  㬥    ᮤঠ  ᫥騥 易-
    ⥫ ४:
       1)  㬥 ()   ;
       2)  ⠢;
       3) ᮤঠ 宧⢥ 樨;
       4) ⥫ 宧⢥ 樨 ( ࠫ쭮  -



     ࠦ);
       5)   ⥩ ,  ⢥⢥   ᮢ襭
    宧⢥  樨    ࠢ쭮    ଫ,  
       ஢.
         ᨬ    ࠪ  樨   ࢨ 㬥
      祭 ⥫ ४.
       ࢨ 㬥  ⠢    ᮢ襭  -
    樨  ।⢥   砭.
       ਠ   室   ࠭   ᪫ ।-
         ᭮  ᮮ⢥  ࢨ   㬥⮢.
    ਠ    ᪫  ।  ᪠  ந⢥-
      ॡ,  ࠧ   宧⢥  㦤   (ᮤঠ
    , ६ ࠡ),   ⠪    ஭   ࠡ⪨
      浪 ॠ樨  譨   㦭 (. 2).
         宧⢥  樨,  易    ᪮  -
    ,    ⢥,  䥪⨢     ᢮६
    㬥஢.
 0              ----------------------------------
                    
               L-T----T---------T---------T---T---
                                          
    -------------+--  --------+-------  --+-------------
      ந-   ஬諥-      ஭    
    ⢮             ᮡ-    ( 譨 
                       宧⢮      
                                       ࠡ⪨)  
    L----------------  L----------------  L----------------
                                         
                 -----+---------    -----+---------
                  ࠫ쭠       ७   
                   㤠      ६饭  
                 L---------------    L---------------


 3F      . 2. ࠢ 室 ਠ  ।⨨.
       冷 㬥⠫쭮  ଫ ᪠  ਠ 業-
    ⥩  ।   ० ᥣ  ࣠樨  -
    ⢠, ࠢ 室   ਮ筮 ᪠.   -
      浪  㬥஢    ਠ ।
    㪮  "᭮묨  ﬨ     ਠ 
    ।   ன" (ਫ     䨭   
    30 ५  1974   N 103),   ⠪  ⨯묨 㢥⢥-



    묨 ଠ ࢨ筮   ஬諥.  ᪮ 
    ந⢮      "ﭮ᪢"    -
    ਠ      ।   믮 ࠡ, 易-
        㦨    ᯫ樥  ⥬  ᭠  
    ⢥.  ਠ  ᮢ c 業ࠫ쭮  ᪫-
         । ᬠਢ    ७  -
    ६饭 ਠ.   ᪥  ਠ   ந⢮ 
    ᫥㥬 ।⨨ ᮡ ᫥騥 ॡ:
       1)      , ꥬ      ண ᮮ⢥⢨
     室묨 ଠ⨢   ꥬ ந⢠;
       2)    ࠢ筮  ⮯  ⢫    ।
    ।⥫쭮 ⠭  ⤥ ⮢;
       3)  ᮣᮢ뢠      壠஬ ᯨ᪨ , -
     ।⠢  ࠢ ॡ   ᪫  ਠ,  ⠪-
      ࠧ   ᥩ.
         ᮮ  ࠡ⭨ . ਠ   -
    ⢮  뤠       ⮫쪮  樠쭮  뤥塞
       祭 ।⠢⥫  ⤥, 宧,ࠧ
      ⪮,      ।⥫쭮  믨뢠 "७-
    " ⨯  N  - 2 (ਫ 1).
        ᬠਢ  ।⨨   ଫ ᪠  -
    ਠ    ந⢮  ᯮ  EࠧF  (ଫ塞
      ࠧ    ᮢ襭  । 樨)  E⥫-
    F (  । ਮ) ࢨ 㬥.
         ࠧ 㬥⠬  ⭮ "ॡ"    -
    ਠ  ⨯  㢥⢥    N    - 11 (ਫ. 2),
    ""    ७  ६饭  ਠ  (ਫ.  3),
    "묨      ਠ    ஭"  ⨯ -
    ⢥   -15 (ਫ. 4).
         ଫ   ࠧ  ᪠   ਠ   業⥩
      ।      ᪠  宧⢠  ᢮ ।-
    ,  ᯮ    ।    ਨ,  ਬ



    EॡF      ਠ    - 11 (ਫ. 2). ॡ-
      믨뢠        뢠 
    壠஬   殬,    㯮祭.   ᪥ -
    ਠ 宧⢠  ᢮ ।     ।
    ⥫  (⤥,  ⮪,  ࠧ),  ன  - ᪫,
     ⥬ ᤠ   壠.
        砥 ७ ६饭 ਠ ᯮ  E-
    F    ७  ६饭  (ਫ.  3),   ⠢
    ਠ쭮  -  ⢥⢥    ᪫,  ᤠ饣  業.
        㦨  ᤠ饬  ᪫ ᭮  ᯨᠭ
    業⥩,    ன  -  ਭ饬  ᪫   室
    業⥩.
        ਠ ஭  ࣠  宧⢠  ᢮-
      ।,  ᯮ      ।,   ଫ
    E묨     ਠ   ஭  Fଠ    - 15
    (ਫ.  4).    믨뢠       ᭮ -
    冷, ஢   㣨  㬥⮢.    -
      ⠥    ᪫     ᭮  -
        ᨭ᪮    ਠ, ன । -
    ⥫  ਠ.  ᫨  ਠ  ᪠  ᫥饩
    ⮩,        㦨  ⠪ ᭮  -
    ᪨  壠ਥ  ⭮  -  ⥦ 㬥⮢.  ।-
    ⥫쭮      㦨  ᭮   ࠦ
    権    ॠ樨      権  㯠⥫. C
    1 ﭢ  1997 .  猪 ॠ  த樨   (ࠡ, ),
      ⮬  ᫥  ਠ  業⥩ ᮯ஢ ଫ
    E -  䠪F (ਫ.  5),   ஬ 㪠  
    業⥩,    ⢮,  業,   㬬, ⤥쭮 䮩
    뤥 㬬  .   - 䠪  믨뢠    -
    :   ।祭 㯠⥫,   㦨  ࠢ⥫
    㬥⮬    饭      ,  ன ⠥ 
    ⠢騪.  ᢮  ।    - 䠪   ॣ-



    樨      த    浪,     ᯮᮡ
    । 窨  ॠ樨  -  "㧪"   "".
       "ﭮ᪢" ਬ ᯮᮡ - "  ",
    ⮬   䠪  ॣ   த   
     .
          ஭ ଫ  ⮫쪮   । -
    ⥫  ७    祭  業⥩,     
    ⠭ 浪 (ਫ. 1).
         ⥫  ࢨ  㬥⠬ ⭮ Eࠢ
    F  (ਫ.  6),  믨뢠  騬 ᪫  -
    砫      設 ⤥쭮.   祭   -
    ⥫  設  ࠢ    ⠭,  ९      "
    ﭮ᪢",    ⮬    ࠢ筮  -
      ᮮ⢥      ꥬ  祭  .  
        㬥  ᤠ   ਠ ⤥  業-
    ࠫ  壠ਨ,    ஬  ⤥쭮 ப 뤥
    騩  ꥬ  ,  祭    ࠢ  ⠭ 
        設.  ⤥ ਠ쭮  ᭠
     "ﭮ᪢"  ࠧࠡ⠭   ⢥ত   室
       1 .   ஡  ࠭ᯮ ।,   -
        ࠧ蠥  ᯨ뢠  室   
    ࠦ   ᭮ ந⢮.  ࠢ   -
      ⢫  ஫    ᮡ   ᮮ⢥
     室,   ⠪     室 .
     ᭮   ⥩  ந室 室   業-
    ࠫ ᪫   ᯨᠭ  ( ।  ⠭  -
    ) ⮯  ᭮ ந⢮.
         ࠧ,  ᬮ७     ࢨ筮 㬥-
    樨  㦠    ଫ  ᪠  ਠ  ᮢ 
    ந⢥   宧⢥ 㦤     ஭.  
     ᭮    ⨢   壠᪮ -
      ਠ 業⥩  ।⨨.



       ଫ  ᪠  ਠ  㤮    -   讣
    ⢠   ࠧࠧ ࢨ  㬥⮢. ⮬  
    祭     饭        ⮬   ⪥.   ⮩
    楫         "ﭮ᪢" ࢨ 㬥
      ७  ६饭        ந⢮ ਠ
    ଫ ⮫쪮   ࠫ  ⥫.     
    壠ਨ    ࢨ  㬥⮢    ᯥ樠-
      ணࠬ  ᯥ祭  ந室 ⮬᪮ ᯨ-
         ਠ    業,   ⢥
      㦠  ⮢   業  ਮ⥭,  ।   
    ⮤ .
        楫  ᮢ襭⢮ 㬥⠫쭮  ଫ ᪠
    ਠ    ந⢮      "ﭮ᪢"  
    ।    ஫  㭪樨  ࢨ筮     
        饭  ⭮  -   ,  ।-
    祭,   - ,   ᫥⥫쭮  ଫ ᪠
    ਠ,  ॡ塞    믮  ࠡ ⥬᪨,
    ਬ,  娬᪨  ॠ,  ᯮ㥬   ⪥ -
    ஢    ,     - ,   ⥪饣 ஫
      ⠬  ᪠  ਠ    ந⢥  㦤. 
    ⮩ 楫  室 ⠭   ᪠  娬᪨ ॠ-
    ⮢   ந⢮, ᭮뢠   ணᨢ  ଠ 
    室      ꥬ  ॠ樨 ஢  
    .
       ⭮ - ୠ      - 8,   - 9   -
    ⥫ ࢨ  㬥⮬, 㦨  ᭮   ᯨᠭ
    ਠ 業⥩  ᪫.   室      ॡ-
          ਠ 業, ⤥  ਠ쭮-
    孨᪮ ᭠     ⤥ 믨뢠  ⭮ -
            (⠫,  㣮,
    ,    뢭묨  묨  ⠫    䠪᪨ ).
          । ॡ⥫   (,  ⮪),



     ன -    ᪫ .      㪠뢠   -
     ,  ,    ਠ,
        㣨  . ਠ     ந⢮
    ⢫  ᪫    ।  ।⠢⥫ -
     ᢮   ⭮  - ୮   . 騪  -
    砥         ⢮ 饭  -
    ਠ, ᫥  祣 뢮  ⮪ .   砭  -
          ⭮  -    ।  壠-
     ।   ࠦ  室 ਠ   ᮮ⢥-
        壠᪮  .    ⭮  -  ୮
        ⠪     ਠ,  ᯮ짮-
        ந⢥.     ⮬     ⥫ -
    ⮢   ⠢.
       ⭮  -      ᯮᮡ   ᨫ  ஫
     ᪮ ਠ    ᪫    ।  ।ᬮ७
      १  ᮪ ᫮   ࠧ  㬥⮢.   
    ਬ    ஫஢  ᯮ짮 ਠ
    ।⢥    ந⢥.    ॡ   ⢥
    ⠪  ⨯  ࢨ  㬥,       - ॡ 
     (⥫ )  ਠ     - 10   -
    ன .  ᫥   ᨫ ᯥ䨪  ந⢠   -
     ਬ   ᬠਢ ।⨨.
         ப  ७      ଫ ࢨ
    㬥⮢          䥪⨢ ⥩
    ᮢ襭⢮  ࢨ筮  .    ⮩  楫  室
    ⮬⨧஢   ᪫᪮  ,     堭஢
    ࠡ ଠ樨   ७  ६饭 ਠ  -
    ᮢ,    ⭮  訡   ७ᥭ ଠ樨
      ࢨ  㬥⮢    ॣ  壠᪮  ,  
    ⠪  ᮪  ⢮  ࢨ筮  ⭮  㬥樨  ,
    ,   ᢮ ।,  㤥 ᯮᮡ⢮  襭 筮 
    ⨢      ਠ  業⥩   ।-



    ⨨.
        騬     ࣠樨   ஫  -
    室 ਠ 業⥩   ந⢮   롮
    ᪮  (⮢)    ਠ, ᮣ᭮ ॡ-
    ,      ଠ⨢  㬥    壠᪮
    .

             E2.2.        
                        .F

       ᪨    ਠ  ࣠    ⠬   
    ࠭  (᪫),      ਠ쭮  -   ⢥ᢥ
    ,      ୮   ਠ  -
        ⮨⭮  ࠦ,   ࠢ,  ᯮ짮
    .
       ᭮  ਪ  䨭  ᨩ᪮  樨    28 
    1994    N  100  "  ⢥ত    壠᪮
       "⭠  ⨪  ।",    ।樨 ਪ 
    26    1994    N170,  ᯮᮡ ࣠樨 ᪮
     ਠ   ।⨨      易⥫쭮 -
    浪  ࠦ      ⭮  ⨪,     
       祭 ⭮  ,   ᫥⥫쭮  
    த㬠    砫.
       롮    ⨢  ᯮᮡ  ࣠樨 -
      ਠ 業⥩   ⭮  ⥫-
      ।,    ࠧ஢   䨭ᮢ ⥩, 
      ᭮  ᫥ ।뫪:
       1) 䨪 ਠ   ᨬ    ஫   -
     ந⢠;
       2)  ⥬  ஢  ࠧ  ,  室
       ਠ;
       3) ᮢ६ ﭨ ᪫᪮ 宧⢠;


3F
       4)  ࠧࠡ⪠  ணᨢ  孨  -  ᪨  
    ࠭  ᪠ ਫ;
       5) 堭  ⮬⨧ 権   -
    .
        ।뫪  ࠢ쭮  ࣠樨    ந-
    ⢥  ᮢ      E䨪   祭 
    ஫      ந⢠    孨᪨ ਧF. -
    ᭮  ⮩  䨪樨  ந⢥    ࠧ-
       ᫥騥:
      1)      ਠ;
      2)  㯭  䠡ਪ   騥  ,
    樨  ⠫;
      3)  ⮯;
      4)        ਠ;
      5)    ;
      6)  稥  ਠ;
      7)  ந⥫  ਠ;
      8)  業    ந訢騥  । ().
        ᮮ⢥⢨      ⮢  壠᪮     
      㪠   㯯    10 "ਠ" (஬  )
    ।祭  ⤥  .
       E        ਠF   ࠧ   ⢥   ᭮
    ࠡ뢠 த樨.   筮       ਭ   ⭮
    த 뢠饩 ஬諥 (, 㤠,   .)   
    ᥫ᪮  宧⢠  (,  嫮,  ୮    .),   ⠪
     த ࠡ뢠饩 ஬諥   (⢥
     ᨭ᪨    娬᪮   ஬諥).  ᭮
    ਠ      த⠬   ࠡ뢠       ᫥
    ஬諥   (⠫, ⪠,         .).         ⮩
    㯯  ।⮢  㤠  ⭮   ᯮ⥫ ਠ,
        ࠧ   ᭮  ⮢塞   த,  



    ᯮᮡ ८ࠧ         ᭮    ਠ,
    뢠    室    (᪨,    ⥫    
    .),    ᮤ  ந⢥   (ᬠ,
     ਠ).
           ⤥ 㯯 뤥  E㯭 䠡ਪ
     騥  , 樨   ⠫F,      
    ᢮  㭪樮쭮  ஫      ந⢠   
    ᭮묨 ਠ (, 諠  .    "ﭮ᪢-
    ). ப ᯥ樠  ஢ ਢ   㢥-
    祭  㤥쭮    㯭  䠡ਪ⮢   
    ,     ᫠  室   뤥      
    ⤥ 㯯.
       EF  ,  ࠢ, ᯮ⥫ ਠ,
      ᫥⢨    讣  த宧⢥   祭 
    ᯥ䨪   ॡ         뤥    ⤥
    㯯.      ⥯த    (,     쭮
    ⮯,   ᨭ,          .),   ᬠ  ਠ,
    ।祭       ᯫ樨    ࠭ᯮ    ।,
    孮᪨   㦤  ந⢠,   ࠡ⪨    ࣨ    
    ⮯ ,⢥म (㣮, , ஢    .).
        ⤥ 㯯 뤥   E     ਠF.
      ।祭  ࠭, 㯠  ࠭  ⢠
    ਠ  ⮢ த樨.   ᭮  -
      .  ᨬ  ⮨   ப
    㦡  ୠ    뢠      ⠢ ᭮
    ।,    ⠢ 業 ந訢  ।-
    ⮢. ୠ   뢠   ⠢  ந⢥
    ᮢ  ।砥   㯠 ⮢ த樨.   
    ⭮   ਠ,   ⠫, ᯮ㥬     ⮢
         ६.
        E F  뤥      ⤥ 㯯 
    裡   ᯥ᪨  祭.  ।    



    ந⢠ ६⮢,  襭 ⥩ 設,㤮,
    ࠭ᯮ ।    . .,    ⠪  ⮬  設   
        .   ⮩   㯯  뢠  䮭
     設, 㤮, ⥫, 㧫,  ॣ-
    ⮢.
        ⠢   ਠ  뢠 室  ந⢠
    (㡪, १, 㦪    . .),     室    
    ࠢ ࠪ; ਠ 業, 祭  
    ᭮ ।,           ᯮ짮    
    ਠ,  ⮯          ।⨨.
         ᮡ  㯯   뤥  Eந⥫    ਠF.
      業  ᯮ   ।⢥     
    ந⥫    ⠦  ࠡ,   ⮢ ந⥫
    ⠫, ஢ ६⮢.
        ⠢  । ᫮    業    
    ந訢騥 ।,   ᢮ ஫    
    ந⢠      ।⢠ 㤠.         ⭮
    ।, ⮨    । ⨤  ࠡ-
          () ᨬ   ப    㦡
    (  ᪫祭  ᥫ᪮宧⢥  設    㤨,  ந-
    ⥫쭮 堭஢  㬥, ࠡ祣     த⨢-
     ᪮)   㦠騥     ᨬ   ⮨-
    .   뢠    ⤥쭮   12 "業    
    ந訢騥 ।".
       ਠ 業,  ਭ騥   "ﭮ᪢"
    ᮮ⢥   ਢ   䨪樨,           楫
    壠᪮      ஫  뤥  3 㯭
    㯯 ਠ (. 3):
       1) ਠ;
       2) ;
       3)  .



0          ---------------------------------T-------------T---
                                                          
                                      
                                                     
                     (82%)                     (16%)   2% 
          L--------------------------------+-------------+----

3F       . 3  ਠ ᮢ   "ﭮ᪢"
               ﭨ  1 ﭢ 1997 .
         ࠧ  ਠ  業⥩  ᮮ⢥ ࠭
    騬  ⠬   壠᪮  ,      05 
    뢠 ਠ,   06  - ,   08  -  . 
    饥  ६  ⠪  ࠧ      䥪⨢.  
    "ﭮ᪢"  ४   ⠫
    ࠧ ਠ   㯯. ⭮,   ।-
      ⤥ 㯯  뤥 娬᪨ ॠ, ᯮ-
    㥬  ⪨ ஢   ,  ⠪ ਠ,
    騥  ந⥫⢮  ६ 樮   ஢
    ᮮ㦥,    楫  㦥祭  ஫   ᯮ짮 
    ந⢥   ਠ 業⥩.
      㯯஢ ਠ  ஫   ந⢠   
    ᭮ ࣠樨 ᨭ᪮   ਠ. ,  
    筠  ஭ ஫  ﭨ  
    ਠ, ⮬  㯯  㯯 ਠ 뢠-
      ࠧ१ ⤥ ,ப,⮢  ⨯ࠧ஢.  ⮩
    楫 ࠧࠡ뢠  (筨) ॡ塞   -
    ⢥ ਠ,  ⠪    ।뫮
    樮쭮 ࣠樨  ਠ  ।⨨.
          -   ⥬⨧஢   祭  ਠ,
    ਬ塞    ।⨨,      㪠뢠 
      ਠ,  孨᪨  ࠬ⭮  ,  
    ७.      ਠ,   ᯮ㥬       
    "ﭮ᪢"  ਢ    ᯥ⪥  "祭   
    ਠ 業⥩" (ਫ. 7).
       E  ਠF -  ᫮  祭
        ஢  ,  ᢠ   ⤥쭮 



    ࠫ 業⥩.
                 -  ࠧ.   
       ,  ᫥ :
                             XXYZAA,
        -   ᮢ ,
          Y  -   㯯,
          Z  -   㯯,
           -  浪  ਠ   㯯;
    
                             XXYZAABBB,
        -   ᮢ ,
          Y  -   ,
          Z  -   㯯 ந⢥ ᮢ,
           -   㯯   㯯,
           -  浪  ਠ  㯯.
       ᫮                 ,    
        ⮣,  ⮡  墠 訥 ਧ ᥣ
     ਬ塞 ਠ.
         壠ਨ   ᫥㥬  ।      ਠ-
      業⥩         .  ஢   ਠ
    ந室     饭  奬,     讣    ꥬ
      ਠ ᮢ,  ᯮ㥬  ।⨨:
                             XXYYYY,
      XX  -   㯯,   :
         06  -  ,
         08  -   ,
         05  -  ਠ,
         12  -  ;
       YYYY  -  浪  ਠ  㯯.
       ਬ, 055416 "⮬  - 51 - 3925",
                 084325 "訯 320",
                 069013 "᫮  - 10"



       ᢮ ୮   㯨訬 ਠ
    ந 壠ਥ   ਬ  ᫨⥫쭮 孨.
     ⮬  砫 ।  㯯 ਠ  業⥩, 
    ⥬ ⮬᪨ - 浪    㯯.
          㪠뢠    㬥   
    ,        ᪠  訡    ଫ
    室  室 㬥⮢ ᪫  壠ਨ.
         ਠ,    ன  㪠 業  
    뢠 ਠ, 뢠 Eன -  業F.
     ।⠢ ᮡ  ⥬⨧஢ 祭   ਠ,
    ਬ塞  ।⨨,  ᯮ㥬  ⢥ ࠢ筨
     ᥬ  ⤥ ।   (, 壠,  ,
    䨭ᮢ ⤥).
       訬 ᫮ ࠢ쭮  ࣠樨  ਠ  
    ᯥ祭   ࠭ 㦨  襥 ﭨ  ᪫᪮
    宧⢠. 饭 ᪫   ஢, 㤮
    ᨣ樥,   室   ⢮   ⥫,    祥,
    , ।⢠ 堭樨  ᮨ⥫묨  ਡࠬ.
     ᪫   㯯,  㯯    ਠ 
    ࠭    ।      ᮮ⢥⢨       ண
    த㬠  ⥬.        ࠭ ਪ९
    ਠ   .         "ﭮ᪢"   ਪ
    㪮⥫     ।     ⠭     ਠ쭠
    ⢥⢥ ,  ࠡ   ᪫.    
      ਠ쭮 ⢥⢥.
       冷    ਠ    ᪫       ⮬
    ਠ    壠ਥ  ।  ࠭ ।⨥
    E⮤    ਠF.  ⮤  ।ᬠਢ 冷 
    ᫥⥫쭮       ਠ,      
    ॣ஢,  ⢮, ᢥ ⥫.
        ᪮쪮 ࠧ⥩ ⮤   ਠ:
       -  ⢥ - 㬬,



       -    ⮢ ਠ쭮 - ⢥⢥ ,
       -    ⨢    -    壠᪨    (ᠫ줮)    ⮤.
        饥   ६       ணᨢ ⮤  
    ਠ  E⨢ - 壠᪨ (ᠫ줮)F.
       ᭮ ਭ樯 ⨢- 壠᪮   ᫥騥:
       - ⨢  壠᪠ ⮢୮  ⢥
            祪 ᪫᪮ ,   
         ਠ쭮 - ⢥⢥묨 栬;
       - ⥬᪨ ஫ ࠡ⭨ 壠ਨ  ࠢ-
           ᢮६ 㬥஢ 権   
         ਠ  ᪫;
       - ⢫   ਠ 壠ਥ E⮫-
            ࠦF   業   䠪᪮
         ᥡ⮨   㯯 ਠ   ⠬   ࠭.
       - ⥬᪠ ᢥઠ  ᪫᪮  壠-
         ᪮  ⥬ ᮯ⠢ ⪮ ਠ  -
           ᪫᪮   壠᪮ .
          "ﭮ᪢" ਬ  ஢ ⮤
    ᪮    ਠ,  ᮥ騩   ணᨢ
    ᠫ줮    ⮢୮  ⢥  -  㬬,  . .
       砥 壠      ਠ  
    ⮫쪮  ,   ࠫ쭮 ࠦ.
       奬 ࣠樨 ஢ ⮤ ᪮ 
    ਢ  . 4.
         ⮬  ⮤    壠  । 뢠 
    뤠  ᯨ   ୠ ॣ樨  饬   ᪫
    窨  ᪫᪮    ⨯      - 12 (ਫ. 8) 
          ਠ.     ࠪਧ
    ਠ,     ࠭, ࠦ      ⮪,
     ⠪ 뢠 ଠ  , 室  ஫   
    ﭨ ᪫᪨ ᮢ  .   窨 ந
     ᭮  ଫ   ⠭ 浪  㬥⮢ 



    室  室  ਠ 業⥩,    ࠢ,   
    ᮢ襭 権 ⮫쪮  ࠫ쭮 ࠦ. ᫥  
      뢮    ⮪.  ᪫祭 ᪠  
    ⭮襭 ⥫  㬥⮢, ਬ,  ࠢ -
      (ਫ. 6),  権    ந 
      ,      1 ᫠ ᫥饣   
    楬. 窨 ࠭     ᯥ樠 騪,  
    ᯮ    㯯  ਠ  業⥩,   
       ࠬ. ࠭  祪   ࠧ१   㯯
    砥          ᪮   ࠧ  室  -
    室 㬥⮢.
0                      ----------------------
                 -----+ ࢨ 㬥 +------
                     L----------------------      
                                                  
                                
                                                  
    ============+=================  ============+================
     -----------+--------------      ----------+-------------- 
      窨 ᪫᪮                  줮         
                                                        
     L----------T---------------      L----------T-------------- 
     -----------+--------------      -----------+------------- 
        ⪮       "⭠   
      ⪮ ਠ   ==+==+==  ᪫"             
      ᪫                        L---------T--------------- 
     L--------------------------      ----------+-------------- 
                                        " ਠ 
                                         ࠦ"   
                                      L---------T--------------- 
                                      ----------+-------------- 
                                                   
                                      L------------------------- 
    L==============================-  L=============================-

3F     .  4.  ࣠  裡  ᪫᪮   壠᪮
                  "ﭮ᪢".
          쭥襬      "ﭮ᪢"     ।
     ७   ᮭ    ஢        ᮮ⢥饣
    ணࠬ ᯥ祭 ।⢥    ।,
      ⥫쭮          ᪫,   .  .
     ⮬ 砥 ⯠ 室  ᪫᪨  祪,
     ᯥ譮     ᪥    묨  , ஬ ⮣,
    㬥 ⭮ 䬥᪨ 訡.
        ࢨ 㬥  室   室  ࠧ    -
    ,    ࠢ     砭  ਠ쭮
    ⢥⢥  ᤠ  壠.  ᠫ줮 ⮤  



     ।⢥   ᪫. ⭨ ਠ쭮  -
     業ࠫ 壠ਨ ⥬᪨,   ०  -
     ࠧ    ।⢥     ⢨ -
    饣 ᪫, ஢ ࠢ쭮  ᢮६  ࠧ-
    ᪨ ᢥ    ࢨ 㬥⮢    窨  ᪫᪮
      ⢥ত  ᢮ .    宦
     訡   ࠭. ६  ⨬ ࠡ⭨  -
    ਨ ந ਥ ࢨ 㬥⮢,  ᪫ 
    ᤠ.
         室  ࠡ⭨   壠ਨ     ந
    ஢ 䠪᪮      業⥩   ᪫.
         砭    騥  ᪫  ७  ⪨
    ਠ  業⥩      ୮     
    E"   ⪮ ਠ   ᪫"F    
    祪  ᪫᪮      ࠧ१  㯯  ਠ.   
     ⮫쪮  ࠫ쭮 ࠦ.
       ࢨ 㬥  室  室 ਠ  業-
    ⥩ 㯠   壠,     ० ᥣ ࣠
    ஫    権  ࠢ쭮   ଫ.   
    壠ਨ ஢  稥 ४⮢,   ᥩ,  䬥-
    ᪨ ,ᮡ     ⮬ 頥    -
     権.  ୮ ଫ   㬥   
    ࠡ.
         㦥  ⬥砫, ।⢥     壠ਨ   
    "ﭮ᪢"    ਠ    業⥩     
      ᮭ   .         ⭮    
      ࢨ   㬥, ଫ     祭   㪠
    ப  㯠    ਠ   ⤥,     ⮪   
                設.    ⮬   㪠뢠   
    ࢨ筮  㬥  (  ਥ,   ॡ,    ஭,
    ७  ६饭 -  ,     ᯨᠭ,   室 थ
      㣨); ⭠ 業,⢮, ᯮ騩 ᮢ



         ᮮ⢥饩  樨.     ஢ન   
      ᯥ     ࠫ쭮  ࠦ   ⥬
    ਠ ,   ᠫ줮       -  ⥫쭮.
        㬥,      , 뢥७   ନ
      ᯥ  ᠫ줮        ୮  -
      業  ࠧ१  ᪫  㯯  ਠ   業⥩.
      ᠫ줮     ⮬   ᪮      
    壠ਨ,    ⫨    祪 ᪫᪮  
    ⥬,   ਠ      ⮫쪮   ࠫ쭮,
          ࠦ.  稥  ᠫ줮  砥  
    訡    宦      壠᪮     ᪫᪮
    .
       ࢨ ணࠬ ᯥ祭, ᯮ㥬   ਠ쭮
    ⤥  "ﭮ᪢",  ⮬᪨                   ᫥訥                  設ࠬ.
        "⭠    ᪫" (ਫ.  9) 㪠뢠 
    ࠧ१ ᪫   㯯 ਠ쭠 業⥩ ⪨   
     砫 ,  ⠪  室  室  -
     ࠬ  ࠧ 業    ࠫ쭮 ࠦ.
          設ࠬ  । ।ᢥ 
    ,  ந室 ᢥઠ ⪮ ਠ  ࠫ쭮
    ࠦ   壠᪮   "   -
    ⪮ ਠ   ᪫"  ,   ⠢   
    ᪫᪮ ,  ⠪  ⪫  ⨬  -
    묨.  楤  ⢫ . .  . ந室
    ﭭ ஫   ᪫᪨ ⮬, 稥      -
    砫 ⪠       ୮   
    砥  訡  宦.
       設ࠬ   "  ⮣       㬥⠬    室/室"
    (ਫ. 10) 㦨      饭    ଫ   
    ࢨ 㬥⮢,     㪠뢥 室   室 
    ਠ  ࠫ쭮   ࠦ   ᪫  
    ⤥쭮    㪠뢠     ࢨ  㬥⮢,   



    ᭮  ந室 .
          ७  ⮣  ᥩ    ॣ  ᨭ᪮
          ।⢥              ਬ
    設ࠬ   "   ਠ         ࠦ"
    (ਫ  11),    㪠뢠   ࠧ१  㯯   ᪤
    室 ਠ  ࠢ ,    ஭  㪠
    ᯮ  ⮢,  㯫  ਠ   ࠧ
    筨,  ७  ६饭 ⮫쪮    ࠦ
        㪠   ⮢.        ᪫       㯯
    ਠ  業⥩   뢮  㬬  ⮣     
    ࠦ             ⪮   ਠ   ᮢ.
      饭 ଠ樨  室 ਠ  ஭ 㦨
    設ࠬ   "⮣      ॠ樨"  (ਫ.   12),     
    ᯨᠭ   ॠ㥬 ਠ           ࠫ쭮
    ࠦ  ࠧ१ 㥬 ⮢.
        壠᪨  樨      室 ਠ 
    ந⢥   宧⢥ 㦤 ᮡ  ࠬ
    "室 ਠ  ࠫ " (ਫ. 13)   㪠
    ⮢      ⨪,       ᭮ ⠢   
      .
           樨         ਠ        
    ࠦ  ᮮ⢥騬  ஢     壠᪮   .
    壠᪨       室   ਠ    業⥩    
    ந⢮   ࠥ           ਭ樯       稭
    ᮮ⢥騬 ॡ,   ଠ⨢  㬥,
    , ⮤᪨ ४   ࣠樨.

              E2.3.       
                           .F

        壠᪨    ਠ  業⥩    
    ⮤᪨ ਭ樯, 㪠   ⮢  壠᪮


 3F
       䨭ᮢ  -  宧⢥  ⥫쭮 ।⨩ 
    1.11.91  .    ᫥騬  ﬨ  ﬨ (ਪ
    䨭 ᨨ  28.12.94 . N 173). ᭮ ⮬  㬥,
    ਠ   業,   室       ந⢥
    ⥫쭮 ।,  뢠   ⨢, ᮢ,
    ୮    10  "ਠ",    ।祭  
    饭  ଠ樨     稥        ਭ
    ।  , ਠ, ⮯,  ⥩,  
    . . 業⥩.
       ਢ   ࠭   䨪    ਠ        
    祭     ਬ        ந⢥     
    ᯮ  壠᪮   ࣠樨 ᨭ᪮-
     .
         㯯  ਠ  뢠     ᮮ⢥饬
    ,   .         ⮢   壠᪮   
     ⮩ 楫 ।ᬮ७ ᫥騥   :
                                                        2.
         E, ।ᬮ७   ⮢ 壠᪮
            ࣠樨  ਠ 業⥩.F
0     -------------------------T----------------------------------
     ᪨                                
     +----T-------------------+-----T----------------------------+
                             
     +----+-------------------+-----+----------------------------+
      10  ਠ           1       ਠ        
                              2   㯭  䠡ਪ   
                                  騥  , -
                                  樨  ⠫         
                              3                       
                              4      ਠ    
                              5                 
                              6   稥 ਠ           
                              7   ਠ, ।  -
                                  ࠡ  ஭       
                              8   ந⥫ ਠ     
     +----+-------------------+-----+----------------------------+
      11    -                                  
          騢  ⪮ଥ                                  
     +----+-------------------+-----+----------------------------+
      12  業  -                                  
          ந訢騥   1                    
          ਠ           2     ᯫ樨         
                              3   ६ ()    
                                  ᮮ㦥                 
     +----+-------------------+-----+----------------------------+
      15  ⮢                                      
          ਮ⥭                                       
          ਠ                                         
     L----+-------------------+-----+-----------------------------




                                            த ⠡. 2

     -------------------------T----------------------------------
     ᪨                                
     +----T-------------------+-----T----------------------------+
      16  ⪫                                        
          ⮨                                          
          ਠ                                         
3F     L----+-------------------+-----+-----------------------------
           ᮮ⢥⢨      ਭ⮩   ⭮   ⨪    
     "ﭮ᪢"  ।ᬮ७  ᫥騥    
     10 "ਠ":
                                                       3.
     E 10 "ਠ"    , ਬ塞  
                      "ﭮ᪢"F
0     ------T--------------T--------------------------------------
                      祭                   
     +-----+--------------+--------------------------------------+
                                                              
      10  1. ᭮             
                                                              
             ਠ   ਠ 業⥩, ਭ+
                                                              
                         ।, ᪫   
                                                              
                          .                               
                                                              
      10  2.          ਮ-
                                                              
                      ⥩ ( ᭮, 
                                                              
                         ࠭ᯮ ।  ᨫ   
                                                              
                         設).                              
                                                              
      10  3.               - 
                                                              
                         ᬠ ਠ (, ᥫ,
                                                              
                         ᬠ, ᮫  .)                
3F     L-----+--------------+---------------------------------------
               ਠ          業ࠫ  壠ਨ
    "ﭮ᪢"     ࠫ쭮  ࠦ
     易⥫쭮 ⥬᪮   ਧ樥    䠪᪮
          ⠬   ࠭.  ⪨  業⥩      
    室  뢠      ⮢,    室,    -
      । -   㬬  䠪᪮  ᥡ⮨.
       襩  ।뫪  䥪⨢  ࣠樨  -
    ਠ      業.    ᮮ⢥⢨    " 
    壠᪮      ⭮    ᨩ᪮ 樨" 
    26.11.94 .  N170 ந⢥       ⭮
     ࠦ    䠪᪮ ᥡ⮨.
       E᪠   ᥡ⮨F   ந⢥    ᮢ



    ᫠      ਮ⥭ (  業-
    ⮢  ਮ⥭  ।, ।⠢ ⠢騪  
    業⥩),  業  (),  ᨮ  ࠦ,
    㯫祭  ᭠᪨,   譥᪨   ࣠,
    ⮨   ⮢ ,  ⠬ 諨,  室 
    ࠭ᯮ஢,  ࠭    ⠢,  ⢫塞  ᨫ
    ஭ ࣠権, 㬬      ਠ-
        ।  ⢥  뫨.
       ।     䠪᪮     ᥡ⮨    ਠ
    ᮢ, ᯨ뢠   ந⢮,  ࠧ蠥 ந
      ᫥  ⮤  業  ᮢ:
       1)   ।  ᥡ⮨;
       2)  ᥡ⮨    ६ 㯮 (⮤ )
       3)  ᥡ⮨ ᫥  ६ 㯮 (⮤ ).
         ᯮᮡ  業 ਠ ᮢ   ࠤ-
    樮    襩  ⢥  ⭮  ⨪.  祭
    ⭮  ਠ   ᯨ뢠   ந-
    ⢮   業,       ⭮  ᮮ-
      ⪫ 䠪᪮ ᥡ⮨  ਠ-
     ᮢ  ⮨     業.  ᠭ ⮤
    ਬ    "ﭮ᪢".  ਬ   䠪-
    ᪮ ᥡ⮨ ᯨᠭ ਠ  ⮬ ᯮᮡ 㤥
    ᬮ७ .
       ᫨,  ᮣ᭮  ⭮  ⨪,  ।⨥   室
       ⮢   ਠ   뢠   ।⢥  
    ᮮ⢥        ਠ  業⥩   (10
    "ਠ",  12  "業   ந訢騥 ।")
        ୮  ,    業  ਠ 
    ।   (।襭)   ᥡ⮨   ந    
    ᫥饬 浪:
      I.1) । 䠪 ᥡ⮨ ⪠  ਠ
           ᮢ  砫  ();



        2) 䠪   ᥡ⮨  ⮢   ਠ
           ᮢ  ⭮  ();
        3) ⮪ ਠ ᮢ ( ࠫ쭮 ࠦ) 
           砫  ();
        4) ⢮ ਠ  ᮢ, ⮢   
           ().
      II.  ।  ।襭  䠪   ᥡ⮨
            :
0                             + 
                  . = ----------.
                             + 
3F       III.  । 䠪 ᥡ⮨  室
           ਠ     ந⢮㬭   ।襭
           ᥡ⮨             饥
           ⢮ 室 ਠ  .
        裡   ⥬,     ᮮ⢥⢨   ॡﬨ 뭮筮
     壠᪨    ᨩ᪮ 樨  ⭯
    室      㭠த    ⠭⠬       ࣠樨
    (⠭ ࠢ⥫⢠ ᨩ᪮ 樨  12.02.93 .
    N 121 "   ॠ樨 㤠⢥ ணࠬ  室
      ᨩ᪮  樨    ਭ   㭠த ࠪ⨪
    ⥬    ⭮ ...") 䨭  ᨩ᪮ 樨
    ४ ਬ  ⭮ ࠪ⨪ ⠪ ⮤ 業
    ਠ    䠪᪮  ᥡ⮨,   ""  ""
    (ਪ 䨭 ᨨ  28.07.94  . N 103  ।樨  ਪ
     26.12.94 . N 170)
       ⮤  砥  業 ਠ 業⥩   
    ࢮ砫쭮 ⮨,  砥: "ࢠ   室
       ࢠ   室", . . 室 ਠ  業⥩
    業     ⮨     ਮ⥭     ।
    ᫥⥫쭮:᭠砫 ᯨ뢠  室 ਠ  業
    ࢮ  㯮筮  ⨨,  ⥬  ன,  쥩    . . 



    浪 ।  室 饣 ⢠. 冷 業
       䠪᪮ ᫥⥫쭮 室 ⨩
    㯨 ਠ.
         ⮤     業   ਠ  業    
    ⠭⥫쭮 ⮨ ( ⥪騬 業) 室  ࠢ:
    "᫥    室  - ࢠ   室". ਠ
    業, 뤠  ᪫,業  ⮨ ᫥
    ਮ⥭, ⥬ ।饣  .., 䠪᪮ 
     ᪫   .
       ⮤     ᫮  業 ॡ ࣠-
    樨 ᪮  ਠ  ⮫쪮   ,   
      㯫.  ⥫쭮 ᫮   蠥
     㤮.
       ਬ 業 室 100  寫⨭  ⮤ , 
     । 業 ਢ  ⠡.4 (ਬ ᫮).
                                                           4.
            E। 䠪᪮ ᥡ⮨ ਠ,
           饭  ந⢮  ࠧ ᯮᮡ 業.F
0      ---------------------T-------------T------------------------
         ⥫       ⢮   ⮨,     
                                       +-----------T------------+
                                        1        ᥣ      
      +--------------------+-------------+-----------+------------+
               1               2           3           4      
      L--------------------+-------------+-----------+-------------
        ⮪ ਠ
          1 ﭢ 1997.      20           25 000      500 000

        㯨 ਠ      30           25 842      775 260
                                 20           29 081      581 620
                                 40           32 728    1 309 120
        ----------------------------------------------------------
        ⮣             90                    2 666 000

        室 ਠ 
          ⮤
                             20           25 000      500 000
                                 30           25 842      775 260
                                 20           29 081      581 620
                                 30           32 728      981 840
        ----------------------------------------------------------
        ⮣            100                    2 838 720

        室 ਠ 
          ⮤
                             40           32 728    1 309 120
                                 20           29 081      581 620
                                 30           25 842      775 260
                                 10           25 000      250 000
        ----------------------------------------------------------
        ⮣            100                    2 916 000



                                               த ⠡. 4

      ---------------------T-------------T-----------T------------
               1               2           3           4      
      L--------------------+-------------+-----------+-------------
        室 ਠ 
          ⮤
        । ᥡ⮨    40           28 782    1 151 280
                                 20           28 782      575 640
                                 30           28 782      863 460
                                 10           28 782      287 820
        ----------------------------------------------------------
        ⮣            100                    2 878 200

        ⮪ ਠ 
        1 䥢ࠫ 1997 
         -                10            32 728      327 280
         -                10            25 000      250 000
         - । ᥡ-   10            28 782      280 782
        ----------------------------------------------------------
3F        . . ⮨ 室   ਠ,-
     ࠧ묨 ⮤  ᮢ.
       ⮤      襩  ⥯  室  ⠢
      ਡ  ⪠, ᪮ 訬 ࠧ  -
     ᮯ⠢ 室  ॠ樨 ⮢஢   ᥡ⮨ -
    .     訬  業 ⥪饩 ᮢ -
     ந⢥ ᮢ  饩  ⥭樨  -
    襭 業. ⮤  楫ᮮࠧ ਬ   ⠢
    , ᪮ ⮨ ᮢ   ⭮  ਮ
       ⥪騬  業  ॠ쭥 ।⠢  ⨢
    ࣠樨. ᭮ "  壠᪮   "-
      ⨪  ।"     1/94"   (ਪ  䨭   
    28.07.94 . N  100), ࣠    롮   -
    ⮤ 業   ᮢ,    ⮤    䨪஢ 
    ⭮ ⨪  ᯮ짮      .    稨
    쥧 ᭮ ࣠     ࠭   -
    ⮤,   稭  ᫥⢨ 室  ᭨⥫쭮 -
    ᪥  ⭮ ⨪, ਫ      .
         ᮮ⢥⢨    "    壠᪮     
    ⭮    ᨩ᪮  樨"  (䨭 ᨨ 26 
    1994  .  N  170)    業 ந⢥ ᮢ 
    襭 ࣠樨   ᪠.  ᪫祭 ᤥ  ⮫쪮
        砥:   ਠ   業,    業  
    祭    ᭨,      ࠫ쭮  ५ 
    筮  﫨  ᢮  ࢮ砫쭮  ⢮, ࠦ 



    壠᪮    ⭮   業  
    ॠ樨, ᫨   ࢮ砫쭮 ⮨  ⮢
    (ਮ⥭),    ⭥ᥭ  ࠧ    業   १
    宧⢥ ⥫쭮,. .    80 "ਡ뫨 
    ⪨"  ।  10 "ਠ".  䨭ᮢ -
      ᫥㥬 ।⨨  1996 .  ந.
         祭      १⮢   宧⢥
    ⥫쭮  ।    業  ᮢ   ⮨
    ਠ 業⥩, ᮮ⢥ ஢  業.
     ⮩ 楫  । ਮ᪨ ஢  ८業
    ਠ쭠  業⥩    襭  ࠢ⥫⢠   ᨩ᪮
    樨  裡   業  䮢.  ࠦ 㬬
    ࠧ    ८業  ⮢୮   -  ਠ  業⥩   
    襭  ந⢠  ᯮ    14 "८業
    ਠ 業⥩".   ⮣  ࠦ ᫥-
     㬬 業,    ।  -   ᫥  㬬   業.
       ⠪, ਠ 業     ⭮  ࠦ
       䠪᪮   ᥡ⮨.       "ﭮ᪢"
    ᯮ      ਠ,   䠪
    ᥡ⮨      ⮫쪮    砭  ,
     業ࠫ  壠 㤥   ᫠  ⮩
    ᥡ⮨ (⥦    ॡ  - 祭  ⠢騪
    ਠ,࠭ᯮ  㣨 ࣠権   ॢ,
    㧮筮 - ࠧ㧮 ࠡ  稥  室).  
    ਠ  ந室    ।⨨  ,   㬥
     室  室  ଫ ᢮६, ..  
    ᮢ襭  権,    室  ࠦ    . ⮬
     ॡ   ᯮ짮   ⥪饬   ⢥
    ࠭ ⠭ 業, 뢠 묨.
        ⢥ E 業F ࠧ蠥 ਬ   
    業  ਮ⥭  (⮢),   ।  㯭    業,
    ⮢     .  .    ⭮ ⨪  "ﭮ᪢"



    䨪஢,    ⢥  業  ᯮ ⮢
    業  ਮ⥭,      ࠦ  ⥪ 䨭ᮢ
       ਠ 業⥩  祭 ⭮
    .  ⮣  砥 ।⨨  ᪨
     ਠ  ࠧ ⮢ 業,    砥
    ᮮ⢥ ᪮      ⠢.  
        祭  㤮,      ⮬⨧樨
    ࠡ   ਠ쭮    ⤥   㭨樯쭮    ।
     ᮭ ,   ⠫ .  ਠ
    業 ᯨ뢠  ந⢮  祭    ⮢
    業, 稭   襩  業, .  .   襩 ⮢
    業   ਠ      ᯨ뢠      ᫥  ।.
      饩  ⥭樨  襭  業,  祬  ࠭  뫨
    ਮ⥭  ਠ  業,  ⥬    ⮢   業,
    㣨  ᫮     ࠭  (ࢮ)  ⨨   ⠢
    㤥  ᮮ⢥᢮    ⮢  業   ਮ⥭.
      ᪠  ᫥,         "ﭮ᪢"
    ।  ⭮  (⮢)   業  ਠ   ᮢ,
    ᯨ뢠    ந⢮,  ந    業   
    ६ 㯮 ( ⮤  ), . .   襩 ⮢
    業.     砭  ,  ᫥    業   㬬
    ࠭ᯮ⭮  -  ⮢⥫   室     業ࠫ
    壠ਨ  ⮨   䠪᪮ ᥡ⮨.
         ࠪ⨪   ᠭ  ᯮᮡ   ।  ⭮   業
    ᯨ뢠  ந⢮ ਠ   "ﭮ᪢"
    ⢫ ᫥騬 ࠧ :
       -   祭   室 ਠ   ந⢥ 
         宧⢥ 㦤 ଫ  㬥⠬,    
         㪠 業, . . ⮫쪮  ࠫ ⥫;
       -  砭    ࢨ  㬥  室  
         室   ਠ 業⥩  㯠   ਠ
         ⤥  業ࠫ  壠ਨ,       



         ७            ࠡ뢠   
           ᯥ樠쭮  ணࠬ  ᯥ祭,   ஥
         ⮬᪨ "ᢠ"  ࠢ ⮢  業
           ࢨ筮  㬥    ᯨᠭ  ਠ  
         ந⢮;
       -      ᭮   ࢨ   㬥⮢   ᯥ뢠
         設ࠬ  "室  ਠ    ࠢ "
         (ਫ. 13)    ⮢     業,   ᮤন
         ଠ      ᪫,      㥬
         ⠬  (ந⢥    )    ⠬.  
         쭥襬  ।    ।    
         ⠫஢  ਠ    設ࠬ,   ன
         㤥  㪠뢠       ᪮     (,
         ,    室)      ࢨ筮 㬥.
               筮  । ࠢ 室
         ਠ, ᮪⨫  ६   㦭 ଠ樨.
      ᬮਬ  宧⢥  樨    室  ਠ  
    ࠦ  㬬      壠᪮       ਬ
     "ﭮ᪢".
       1) 饭  ਠ   業ࠫ쭮 ᪫  ( ᪫  -
    001)  ᪫, ᯮ  ࠧ  ( ᪫  -
    017)  㬬 650 500 . (७ ६饭)
0      - . 10 "ਠ" /. 1         
                                               650 500 .
      - . 10 "ਠ" /. 1         

       2)  饭  娬ॠ      ஢   

    㬬  969 000 .
       - . 20 "᭮ ந⢮"     
       /. 1 ""                         
                                                969 000 .
       - . 10 "ਠ" /. 1         

       3)  饭  娬ॠ           㬬

    450 000 .

       - . 20 "᭮ ந⢮"     
       /. 2 ""                    450 000 .
                                              
       - . 10 "ਠ" /. 1         

       4)  饭        ஢ ⥪饣 ६

    ஢ ⥩  㬬  1 860 000 .





       - . 20 "᭮ ந⢮"     
       /. 1 "" ⨪ 12  "騩  
       ६"                                
                                                1 860 000 .
       - . 10 "ਠ" /. 2 ".   
                                         

       5) 饭 ਠ   ᮤঠ   ⨢

    ࠢ  "ﭮ᪢"  㬬 720 000 .

       - . 26 "宧⢥ 室" 
       /. 0 "⨢-ࠢ-  
        室"                           
                                                  720 000 .
       - . 10 "ਠ" /. 1 ".   
       ਠ"                             

       6) 뤠 ⮢  (㬠 ,   ப, ਭ,

    ࠭, 窨  ..)  㬬 940 000 .

       - . 26 "宧⢥ 室" 
       /. 0 "⨢-ࠢ-  
        室"                           
                                                  940 000 .
       - . 10 "ਠ" /. 1 ".   
       ਠ"                             
3F
             ᮡ⥫쭮  -  ।⥫    26
    "宧⢥  室"    뢠     20
    "᭮   ந⢮".   ᭮    ⭮   ⨪    
    "ﭮ᪢"   60%      筮   ᠫ줮      26
    "宧⢥  室"  뢠    .  20  "᭮
    ந⢮"  /  1  "",    40%  -    .  20 "᭮
    ந⢮" / "".  ࠧ,  䨭ᮢ
      ᬠਢ ਬ  ᫥騩 :
0        7) 뢠 . 23  . 20.

       - . 20 "᭮ ந⢮"     
       /. 1 ""                         
                                                 996 000 .;
       - . 26 "宧⢥ 室" 
       /. 0 "⨢-ࠢ-  
        室"                           

       - . 20 "᭮ ந⢮"     
       /. 2 ""                  
                                                 664 000 .
       - . 26 "宧⢥ 室" 
       /. 0 "⨢-ࠢ-  
        室"                           

       奬 ࠦ ᬮ७ ஢   壠᪮-

      ਢ  . 5.

         . 10 "ਠ"               . 20 ".-"
         / 1 ". ਠ"          / 1 ""
     ------------T-------------   ------------T-------------
         650 500      650 500            969 000   
                                                   
                      969 000          1 860 000   
                                                   
                      450 000            996 000   
                                                   
                      720 000
                                         . 20 ".-"
                      940 000            / 2 ""
        -----------+------------      ------------T-------------
         650 500    3 729 500            450 000   
                                                    
            . 10 "ਠ"            664 000   
            / 2 ". "                     
        ------------T-------------
                       1 860 000         . 26 ".室"
                                     ------------T-------------
           -----------+------------       720 000     996 000
                       1 860 000                   
                                          940 000     664 000
                                         -----------+-------------
                                        1 660 000   1 660 000


3F       .5 奬 ࠦ   壠᪮  室
          ਠ  ந⢮   "ﭮ᪢"

           襯᫥  䨭ᮢ    (஬  7)
    ਠ   ᯨ뢠   ⭮ -  ⮢ 業, 
    ᮣ᭮ "  壠᪮   ⭮  "  
    ਠ    ࠦ          ⭮     
    䠪᪮ ᥡ⮨, ⮬      ᯨ뢠
    ⪫ 䠪᪮  ᥡ⮨    業      
    থ  ந⢠    饭  ய樮쭮 ⮨
    室  ਠ   業⥩         業.
     ᮮ⢥⢨   " ⮢ 壠᪮   䨭ᮢ-
    宧⢥   ⥫쭮    ।⨩",   ࠧ    
    䠪᪮ ᥡ⮨ ਮ⥭ ਠ 業⥩  
    ⭮ ⮨  ࠦ      ᯮ짮
     16 "⪫  ⮨  ਠ", ⠪   .  
    ࢮ 砥  ਠ    10  "ਠ" 뢠 
      業,      ஬,    䠪᪮ ᥡ⮨ 
    ਮ⥭.   ᮮ⢥⢨   ⨬,   ᨬ  ਭ⮩
    ।⨥ ࣠樨  㯫 ਠ   
    ࠦ  ᯮ짮 ⮢ 15 "⮢   ਮ⥭
    ਠ"    16  "⪫    ⮨ ਠ"  
    ᯮ짮     .     ᭮     ⭮     ⨪    
    "ﭮ᢮"  ਠ    10 "ਠ"
    ࠦ      業,   ਬ  ⠪       16
    "⪫     ⮨  ਠ",   ᮣ᭮   ଠ⨢
    㬥⠬       砥    ᯮ짮    15
    "⮢    ਮ⥭  ਠ",      ࠪ⨪ 


3F
      ਬ,    ᢨ⥫    襭  ଠ⨢
    ࠢ  壠᪮     砥 ।⨨.
       ᬮਬ   ஡      ᯮᮡ   ᨭ᪮  
    㯫  ਠ     ᮮ⢥騩        室
    ਠ.
         ਠ  ।  뢠 ਠ 業
        10  "ਠ"      䠪᪮  ᥡ⮨   
    ਮ⥭.    ⮬  砥    祭  ⭮     
    ⢥  ,     ࠢ,   ਬ  ⮢   業.
       10 "ਠ"   ⠪ 뢠  㬬  ࠭ᯮ⭮-
    ⮢⥫ 室   ਮ⥭  ਠ ᠬ
    (  ࠢ    ⤥쭮  ).  ⠪,      
      10 "ਠ"  ⮢ ।⨥  ਠ
    業 ࠦ  䠪᪮ ᥡ⮨,  ।⠢饩
    ᮡ  㬬  㯭  (⮢)  ⮨    業⥩   
    室      ࠭ᯮ஢,  ⮢, . . ࠭ᯮ⭮-
    ⮢⥫  室.     砭       ⮨
    ਠ, ᯨᠭ  ந⢥  堧⢥  㦤,
       ⮢   ⮨   ᮥ      ࠭ᯮ⭮   -
    ⮢⥫  室,    । ய樮쭮
    㬬 ᯨᠭ  ⭮ 業 ਠ.
       ᮡ  ᪮     ਠ      ⮢
    業 (. .    ਬ   ⮢  15    16) ᬮਬ  
    ᫥饬  ᫮  ਬ c ᯮ짮    
    ਠ  䥢ࠫ  1996 .  ⮬ 砥       10
    ਠ  뢠     䠪᪮   ᥡ⮨,  祬
       1 뢠  ਠ   ⮢ 業,   -
     2 뢠 ࠭ᯮ⭮ - ⮢⥫ 室.  
       砫       䠪᪠   ᥡ⮨     ᪫᪨
    ᮢ  ᭮   ਠ  業⥩  ⠢  101   000
    .   . 祬    ⮨          ਠ   
    ⮢  業 - 100 000  . .,    ⮬  ᫥:



       -  嫮      -  3 500  . .,
       -         -  1 500  . .,
       - . ਠ  - 95 000  . .
    ࠭ᯮ⭮   -    ⮢⥫    室          ᭮
    ਠ - 1 000 . .
         祭      壠਩   ।    ஢
     ᫥騥 樨 :
                                                       5.
        E 㬬 ࠭ᯮ⭮ - ⮢⥫ 室 
        䠪᪮ ᥡ⮨ 室 ਠ
                        (ਬ ᫮).F
0    ------T------------------------------------T---------T------------
                                                      ᯮ.  
      N                                        㬬, ,/  
    -      樨                       . .+-----T------+
    樨                                             ⳪।
    +-----+------------------------------------+---------+-----+------+
      1                 2                         3    4     5   
    L-----+------------------------------------+---------+-----+-------
       1   楯⮢    㬥
           ⠢騪    ⠢  -
           ਠ  ⮢ 業 ( ):

               嫮                           7 000
                                           3 000
              稥 ᭮ ਠ           190 000
           ----------------------------------------------------------
                                        ⮣     200 000 10/1  60
       2      ⮨ 
           ਠ ⠢ (20%)               40 000 19    60

       3   ᫥ ⮡  ⠢

               嫮                             150
                                           2 000
               ᭮ ਠ            2 850
           ----------------------------------------------------------
                                        ⮣       5 000 10/2  60

       4      ⮨ 
           ࠭ᯮ 㣠 ⠢ (20%)      1 000 19    60

       5   뢠 ਠ  ⮢
           業, 饭  ᪫ ᭮-
            ந:

               嫮                           7 000
                                           1 500
              稥 ᭮ ਠ           171 500
           ----------------------------------------------------------
                                        ⮣     180 000 20    10/1

       6   뢠 ਠ  ⮢
           業, 饭  ᪫ ᯮ-
           ⥫ ந⢠:

                                           1 500
              稥 ᭮ ਠ             8 500
           ----------------------------------------------------------
                                         ⮣      10 000 23    10/1





3F         ।   ࠭ᯮ⭮ - ⮢⥫   室
    ᯨ뢠      ᭮      ᯮ⥫    ந⢠
    室    ⭮襭                  ⮨      
    ਠ    ⮢  業:
0                       1 000 + 5 000
                    ----------------- * 100% = 2%,
                     100 000 + 200 000

3F              樥    㬭           ⮨
     室 ਠ    ⮢  業:
      2% * 180 000 = 3 600 .;       2% * 10 000 = 200 .
                                                த ⠡. 5
0    ---T--------------------------------------T---------T-----T-----
     1                 2                       3       4     5 
    L--+--------------------------------------+---------+-----+------
      7   뢠 ࠭ᯮ⭮ - ⮢-
          ⥫ 室, ⭮騥  -
          室 ਠ:

              ᭮ ந⢮            3 600    20
              ᯮ⥫쭮 ந⢮       200    23
         ------------------------------------------------------------
                                       ⮣     3 800          10/2

      8   祭  ⠢騪          200 000    60    51
          ⮡
      9   뢠    -
            祭 ਠ       36 800    68    19

3F        . . ᠫ줮             10  ⠢:
    101 000 + 200 000 + 5 000 - 180 000 - 10 000 - 3 800 = 112 200 -
    䠪᪠  ᥡ⮨ ਠ   業⥩    ᪫,
      ⮬  ᫥     10/1:
          100 000 + 200 000 - 180 000 - 10 000 = 110 000 -
    ⮨  ਠ    ⮢  業  ⠢    ᪫
          
          1 000 + 5 000 - 3 800 = 2 200 -
    , ⭮騥    ⠢訬    ᪫  ᠬ.
       ன  ਠ  ।  뢠 ਠ 業
        10  "ਠ"       業.    ⮬  砥
     ᭮  㬥⮢ ⠢騪    
        15  "⮢    ਮ⥭  ਠ"  
    ।  ⮢  60  "    ⠢騪    稪",
    71  "    묨  栬",  76  "    ࠧ묨



    ࠬ  ।ࠬ"   .,   ᨬ  ⮣,  㤠
    㯨   ਠ.   室   ਠ,   䠪᪨
    㯨  ।⨥, :
       - 10 "ਠ"    - 15 "⮢  ਮ⥭
                                     ਠ"
              ⮩        ࠦ  ਠ,
    ⠢訥            (  室  
    業⥩    ᪫).    砫  ᫥饣      㬬
    ୨        ⥪饬        15
    "⮢   ਮ⥭ ਠ".  訩   
    15 "⮢   ਮ⥭ ਠ" ⮪  ᯨ뢠
                16  "⪫     ⮨
    ਠ".  ࠧ   15 "⮢   ਮ⥭
    ਠ"  뢠   砭 .  
    ⠪   뢠   ,   ⮬ 砥  ⮪   
    15  "⮢    ਮ⥭  ਠ"     
    뢠 稥 ਠ 業⥩  .
           "ﭮ᪢"  ਢ   ᫥⥫쭮
    壠᪨   ᥩ      ,⠪          15
    "⮢     ਮ⥭  ਠ"      .
    ᬮਬ  ਬ    䥢ࠫ 1996.   㯫
    ਠ  砥 ।⨨.
                                                     6.
         E 㯫  ਠ   "ﭮ᪢"F
0    ------T------------------------------------T---------T------------
                                                      ᯮ.  
      N                                        㬬, ,/  
    -      樨                       . .+-----T------+
    樨                                             ⳪।
    +-----+------------------------------------+---------+-----+------+
      1                 2                         3    4     5   
    L-----+------------------------------------+---------+-----+-------
       1   楯⮢    㬥
           ⠢騪    ⠢  -
           ਠ  ⮢ 業 ( ):
               嫮                           7 000
                                           3 000
              稥 ᭮ ਠ           190 000
           ----------------------------------------------------------
                                        ⮣     200 000 1013 6001525
       2      ⮨ 
           ਠ ⠢ (20%)                40 000 19  6001525

       3   ᫥ ⮡  ⠢





               嫮                             150
                                           2 000
               ᭮ ਠ            2 850
           ----------------------------------------------------------
                                        ⮣       5 000 1013 6001302

       4      ⮨ 
           ࠭ᯮ 㣠 ⠢ (20%)      1 000 19   6001302

       5   ਠ 室  ᪫
            ⮢ 業

               嫮                           7 000
                                           3 000
              稥 ᭮ ਠ           190 000
           ----------------------------------------------------------
                                        ⮣     200 000 1010 600

3F         ਥ ᯮ짮 ᫥騥 ᨭ᪨ 
    ᪨  :
                                                       7.
            Eਬ ᨭ᪨  ᪨ ⮢,
              ਬ塞   "ﭮ᪢" 
            ࠦ 権  㯫 ਠ.F
0    --------T-----------------T-----------------T-------------------
                              ⨪        
    L-------+-----------------+-----------------+--------------------
       1010  10 "ਠ"     1 "᭮       0 "
                                   ਠ"        ᥡ⮨"

       1013  10 "ਠ"     1 "᭮       3 "᪠
                                   ਠ"        ᥡ⮨"

    6001525  60 "  - 0 "       1525 < ⠢-
                ⠢騪         ⠢騪"       騪>
                稪"

    6001302  60 "  - 0 "       1302 < ⠢-
                ⠢騪         ⠢騪"       騪>
                稪"

    600      60 "  - 0 "            
                ⠢騪         ⠢騪"
                稪"

    161      16 "⪫    1 "᭮            
                ⮨          ਠ"
                ਠ"
     ----------------------------------------------------------------


3F       ⠪   10 "ਠ" / 1 "᭮ ਠ"  
      ࠦ   㯨訥     ⠢騪   ਠ
    業 -   ⭮   䠪᪮  ᥡ⮨, ⮦  ᠬ
        60  "    ⠢騪  稪".  
     ஢ ᫥騥 壠᪨ :
       1) ୨஢筠     㬬 䠪᪮  ᥡ⮨
          㯨   ਠ


3F
       - 10/13 "ਠ"  䠪᪮ ᥡ⮨
       - 60/0  "  ⠢騪  稪",
       2) ⭥ᥭ   ࠧ      䠪᪮  ᥡ⮨
          ਮ⥭  ⮢ 業   16
       - 16/1 "⪫  ⮨ ਠ"  ᭮
                ਠ
       - 60/0  "  ⠢騪  稪".
        ਬ    ⠡. 5  ᠭ  䨭ᮢ    
    ᫥騩 :
                                                   த ⠡. 6
0    ------T------------------------------------T---------T-----T------
      1                 2                         3    4     5   
    L-----+------------------------------------+---------+-----+-------
       6   ୨஢筠   㬬
           䠪᪮ ᥡ⮨            - 205 000 1013  600
           㯨   ਠ

       7   ⭥ᥭ ࠧ  䠪᪮
           ᥡ⮨ ਮ⥭  ⮢    5 000 161   600
           業   16

3F         ⮣    10 "ਠ"  뢠 ਠ
    業      業,         16  "⪫   
    ⮨  ਠ"  ࠦ  㬬  ⪫ 䠪᪮
    ᥡ⮨  ਮ⥭   ਠ          業.
       ⠪,   뢠,         ⢥      業    
    "ﭮ᪢"   ਬ   ⮢   業,      
    ⪫ﬨ   ⮫쪮 ࠭ᯮ⭮ -  ⮢⥫
    室, ⠪ 뢠,  15 "⮢  ਮ⥭
    ਠ"    ᯮ,    ᤥ  뢮   ⮬, 
    楫ᮮࠧ ।  ⪠   ᯮ짮   16
    "⪫  ⮨ ਠ"      10,
     ஬   ࠦ 㪠 ⪫.  ⮬ 砥
    ⮤ 壠᪮    㯫  ਠ  㤥
      ᮮ⢥⢮  ଠ⨢  ॡ,     
    ਠ ᮢ      10 "ਠ"    䠪᪮
    ᥡ⮨ ਮ⥭.
        㦥 ⬥砫,  砥 ।⨨ ᯨᠭ ਠ
      ந⢥  宧⢥ 㦤 ந室   ⮢


3F
     業    祭  ⭮  .         
           ⭮    ࠭ᯮ⭮   -    ⮢⥫
     室.  筮 ᯨᠭ 㪠 室 ।
     業⭮  ⭮襭  ⪫   䠪᪮    ᥡ⮨
     ਠ   ⭮ 業     ⭮襭 㬭  
     ⮨    饭    ਠ            業:
0
            2 + 2
          -------------- * 100% * 1,
            1 + 1


3F        1  - ⪨  ਠ    砫     10,
           1 - 室  ਠ         
                    10      . ६饭,
           2  - ⮪      砫             16,
           2 -         16      ,
           1 - 室  ਠ         
                    ।       10          .
      祭  㬬  ⪫  ᯨ뢠    ।  16
           ந⢥  ⮢,     ⭥ᥭ
   室  ਠ.   ᫨  ਠ   室   
   樨, 易   ⮬   ॠ樥  த樨,  ⭮-
   騥      㬬    ᯨ뢠    43 "᪨
   室".
      ᬮਬ  ਬ  ᯨᠭ       "ﭮ᪢",
   ᯮ     ⠡.  5, 6  ᫥騥 ᢥ:
      1) ⮪ . 10 "ਠ"   / 1 "᭮ ਠ"  
   砫  - 100 000 ..,  ⮬ ᫥:
      -  嫮      -  3 500 . .,
      -         -  1 500 . .,
      - . ਠ  - 95 000 . .
      2) 줮 ⮢  砫    16 "⪫  
    ⮨ ਠ" / 1 "᭮ ਠ"- 1 000 ..



                                             த ⠡. 6
0    ------T------------------------------------T---------T-----T------
      1                 2                         3    4     5   
    L-----+------------------------------------+---------+-----+-------

       8   뢠 ਠ  ⮢
           業, 饭  ᪫ ᭮-
            ந:

               嫮                           7 000
                                           1 500
              稥 ᭮ ਠ           171 500
           ----------------------------------------------------------
                                        ⮣     180 000 20    1010

      । 業 ⪫:

                   1 000 + 5 000
           = ------------------ * 100 = 2%
                 100 000 + 200 000

        ⠢ : 180 000 * 2% = 3 600

      9   뢠 ࠭ᯮ⭮ - ⮢-
          ⥫ 室, ⭮騥  -
          室 ਠ:

              ᭮ ந⢮            3 600    20   161
3F         ------------------------------------------------------------
      : ᠭ  壠᪨ ⢨   ᯨᠭ  
    믮   ⮬᪨      ணࠬ  ᯥ祭
      ᮭ ஢, ⠭  業ࠫ
    壠ਨ  "ﭮ᪢".
        譨   㦭  । ਠ   浪
    ॠ樨 ଫ ⥬ 믨᪨     -
     (ਫ.  4). ଠ   ॠ樨  ⮢୮ -  ਠ
    業⥩ 頥  १⭮  48  "  
    ⨢".
       ᬮਬ  ॠ  ਠ     ⭮   ਬ.
      1996 .  㭨樯쭮 ।⨥ ॠ   -
    ஭ .   ⮬ 뫨 ⠢ ᫥騥 ஢:
    1) ᠭ ⭠ ⮨ 㬠:

0    - . 48 "  ⨢" 
                                              7 500 492 .
    - . 10 "ਠ"                 

    2) 뢠 ࠧ  䠪᪮ ᥡ⮨    ⮨-

      ⭢ 業   48 "樨  ⨢".

    - . 48 "  ⨢" 
                                                 12 109 .
    - . 16 "⪫  ⮨     
                ਠ"


0


    3)  ⮨ 業⥩  த 業 ⮢ 壠-

    ᪠ :

    - . 62  "  㯠⥫ﬨ   
                稪"                  9 500 000 .
                                           
    - . 48  "  ⨢"

    4) 㯨  窠      ࠦ  ஢:

    - . 51 " "            
                                              9 500 000 .
    - . 62 "  㯠⥫ﬨ    
               稪"                

    5)  㬬   㦥  祭 ਠ ⠢-

     ஢:

    - . 48 "  ⨢" 
                                              1 584 000 .
      68 "    ⮬"          

3F       ᮢ १  ॠ樨 ਠ   ᯨ뢠
       48 "   ⨢"     80 "ਡ뫨 
    ⪨".   襬 ਬ   㬬  403 399  . (9  500 000  -
    7 500 492 - 12 109 - 1 584 000) - ਡ:
0    - c. 48 "  ⨢" 
                                                403 399 .
    - . 80 "ਡ뫨  ⪨"          

3F        ᮡ  㦨 ⮤ ࠦ   
      ⮨    ਮ⥭  ਠ 業
     冷  ᯨᠭ   19  ਠ, 室
     ந⢮.
       稭  ⮢   1995  , 㯫祭 ⠢騪
     ਠ ᠬ ந⢥ 祭, ᯨ뢠
     㬥襭 ⥦     ஢ ⮢  ,
      ਠ,  ᯮ짮     ந⢥   㦤,
    ᯨ뢠   筨 䨭஢   (ࠬ
        12.05.95 . N V-6-05/265).
       ।    㯫  ।  -  㯠⥫ 㬬 
    (뤥塞    -䠪  ⤥쭮  ப) 䨪 
    - . 19, / 3 "  ਮ⥭ ਠ  ᠬ"
     - . 60 "  ⠢騪  稪". ⥫-
    , 㯫祭 㬬     業  ந⢥
    ᮢ (  10 "ਠ")   㢥稢  ᥡ⮨
    ᫥⢨,    ᯨᠭ  ਠ       প



    ந⢠. ⥫쭠  稭 㯫      
    ࠢ  ࠧ    祭묨   㯠⥫ 㬬 ⮣
      - . 68, /  "  "  稭   
    ਠ ᠬ , ⥭  ᮮ⢥饬 / .19 
    ᯨᠭ      ⮢    ⠢騪   - . 19/3 
    - . 68 / "  " . (   N 3 
    22.08.96 .     11.10.95 . N 39 " 浪 -
      㯫 ").
       ᫨ ਠ ᪠  ந⢮  ⮢ -
    樨, ᢮  㯫   ,  室騥 
      㬬  ,  ⥭    /  19/3,   প
    ந⢠ : -   20 "᭮ ந⢮", 23  "ᯮ-
    ⥫쭮 ந⢮" - . 19/3.
        ࠧ,  壠᪨   室 ਠ  業-
    ⥩    ⮬⨧஢     "ﭮ᪢".
    ਠ  . 10 "ਠ" ࠦ    (⮢)
    業.  ⪫  䠪᪮  ᥡ⮨  ਠ  
    ⮨   業  뢠  . 16  "⪫ 
    ⮨  ਠ".  ਠ  業  ᯨ뢠  
    ந⢮    䠪᪮  ᥡ⮨  ᮣ᭮  ।
    業 ⪫      ਠ   ⭮
    ,   ⠪ 堭஢.
         뭮  ᫮    室 ᮡ 筮
      ண ஫  樮 ᯮ짮  
    ਠ  ந⢥, ᪮쪮  ਠ 
    ᭨ ᥡ⮨ த樨  ॡ  .

              E2.4.       
                         .F

       , ਠ, 䠡ਪ   饬 ꥬ 
      ந⢮      "ﭮ᪢"  14.4%  ( 



     ⮢  1996 .).  ⮬   ᭨ ᥡ⮨ 
    ਠ  த樨    祭    ࣠
    ஫  ࠭  樮 ᯮ짮 ਠ.
           ।    ⮤  ஫   ࠭
    ⢮   ਧ樨   ਠ   業⥩.   ᭮
    "᭮   ਧ樨 ᭮ ।, ⮢୮ -
    ਠ  業⥩,    ।    ⮢" (ਪ
    䨭   30  1982  . N 179  ।樨   
     , ᥭ 쬠 䨭  N51  27  1984
    .  N212  10  1987 .), ਧ  ந⢥
    ᮢ   ࣠ ⢫   
    ࠧ    ।  ⠢ 壠᪮  ⭮,   
    ࠭  1    ⭮  .   ஢   ਧ樨
    易⥫쭮 ⠪  ᫥ :
    -  ᬥ  ਠ쭮 - ⢥⢥  (   ਥ  -
      ।  );
    -   ⠭ 䠪⮢  饭   㯮ॡ,  ⠪
       業⥩;
    -   , 娩  ⢨   㣨  १砩
      権, 맢  ६묨 ᫮ﬨ;
    -   㣨 , ।ᬮ७ ⥫⢮ ᨩ᪮
      樨  ଠ⨢묨 ⠬ ⢠ 䨭ᮢ ᨨ.
       ਧ  ਠ  ⢫  ਧ樮
    ᨥ, 砥 ਪ 㪮⥫  "ﭮ᪢-
    ",  易⥫쭮 ⨨ ਠ쭮 - ⢥⢥   .
    ⭨ ਠ쭮 ⤥ 業ࠫ 壠ਨ  ᫥-
    , ⮡  砫  ਧ樨  窠 ᪫᪮  
    뫨 ࠦ  樨   ਠ;    
     뢥 ⪨    ਧ樨.  ஢  -
    ਧ樨      ⢨  ਠ쭮 ⢥⢥
     ⢫ ⥫  , 訢    -
      ਠ  祭 䠪᪨ १  -



      "ਧ樮 " (ਫ. 14).   ᮤ-
     ଠ  ⪠ ਠ   ᪫   
    壠ਨ,    㪠   ,  
    ਠ,  ७,  ⭠ 業, ⮪  ਠ
      .   । 䠪᪮  稥 -
      ਠ    ᪫     ᮮ⢥饥 祭 
     "᪮ 稥".
           ਧ樮    ᥩ    ᯮ     
    ᮯ⠢  䠪᪮    ਠ  業⥩   
    .    ⠭  ࠪ,  稭  
    宦         ਠ      ।   冷
    ॣ㫨஢       ࠧ              饭       .
    ᬮਬ   壠᪨             
    ਠ 業⥩  ਬ  ஢ 25  1996  .
    ਧ樨    ᪫  ᪮    ᬥ ਠ쭮-
    ⢥ᢥ  .  ⠪,    १  ਧ樨   뫮
       ᫥饥    ⪫              :
    ⮪  ᢥ⨫쭨    2-36        -  85 .,
     १⠬ ஢ન - 81.
     㬬 859 996 . ((85 - 81) * 214 999,  214 999 - ⭠
    業 ᢥ⨫쭨) ⠢ 壠᪠ :
0    - . 84 "     業⥩"
                                                       859 996 .
    - . 10 "ਠ" / 1 ". ਠ"    
3F    ⭠ 業   䠪᪮ ⥬ ⭥ᥭ  . 84
    ᮮ⢥饩  ⪫,  ⥬ ।
     㬬 - 10 650 .
0    - . 84 "     業⥩"
                                                       10 650 .
    - . 16 "⪫  ⮨ ਠ"    
3F    ᫨  ⢮  ⢥ 뫨  ᬠਢ
    ਠ  業,      ਠ     ।
    ⢥  뫨  ᯨᠫ      ।  84  প
    ந⢠  饭 宧 ꥪ⮢ (26, 25  .).
     १⠬ ஢ન   ,   ண,
     襭 㪮⥫ ।, 㤥  .
         ᮮ⢥⢨    騬   ᮬ       㤥



    ᨩ᪮  樨  ⮨   ,  饭   
    ᯮ祭 業⥩,  ᪨    ,।
    室  뭮  業,     ⭮   
    稭 ࡠ.     뭮 業     
    ࣠ 業ࠧ  ࣠ 㤠⢥ ⨪.
             襭  㤥ঠ ⮨ ᢥ⨫쭨 
    뭮筮 業 270 000 .  ., ᥣ - 1 080 000 .(270 000
    * 4). ⠢ ஢:
0    - . 73 "  ᮭ  稬        
                " /c 3 "            870 646 .
                饭 ਠ쭮 ࡠ"      
                                                      
    - . 84 "     業⥩"

3F          䠪᪮  ᥡ⮨  ਠ  
    ⮨  뭮 業,   ᪠ (1 080  000 -
    870 646 = 209 354 .) ࠦ :
0     - . 73 "  ᮭ  稬       
                 " /c 3 "          
                 饭 ਠ쭮 ࡠ"     
                                                       209 354 .
     - . 83  "室  ਮ", /c 3     
                 "  㬬, 饩    
                 ᪠   ,           
                 ᮢ ⮨              
                 砬 業⥩"                

3F         ᫮   ।   ॡ
    㬬  ࠧ 500 000 .:
0    - . 50 ""                                   
                                                         500 000 .
    - . 73 "  ᮭ  稬 "

3F       ⠫ 580 000  .(1 080 000  - 500 000)  襭 㤥ঠ
     ௫   :
0    - . 70 "  ᮭ   㤠"    
                                                         580 000 .
    - . 73 "  ᮭ  稬 "

3F               㬬  ࠧ  䠪ᮩ 
    뭮筮 ᥡ⮨   ᯨ뢠     83 "室
     ਮ"  ।  80 "ਡ뫨    ⪨" :
0    - . 83 "室  ਮ" 
                                            209 354 .
    - . 80 "ਡ뫨    ⪨"      

3F         業⥩    ᢥ      뫨         
      業⥩        ⢨        
    ᯨ뢠    䨭ᮢ १ -  80  84.
         ਧ樨 誨 ந⢥ ᮢ


3F
    室   . 10  ⭮  १  宧⢥
    ⥫쭮 (80  "ਡ뫨  ⪨")  ᫥騬 ⠭
    稭  誠   .
             ਠ  業⥩ 
    ᨫ  ஫    樮  ᯮ짮 ਠ
    業⥩  ந⢥, . .  뢠 ⢥ ﭨ
     ७⠡쭮 ࣠樨   䨭ᮢ . 室
    ⠪ ࣠  壠᪮   ਠ,   ன
    䠪᪨    뫮   ᮯ⠢   ⠭묨
    ଠ   뢭,   ⨢       ⪫    
    ⠭    ⮢ த樨.
       ଠ -  , 䨪饥 ।쭮 ⨬ 稭
    室 ⭮ ਠ   ந⢮   த樨
        ࠡ.    "ﭮ᪢" 䨪-
       室 娬᪨ ॠ⮢  1 .  . ࠡ-
    뢠   ஢ .
       ଠ⨢  室  ਠ     ந⢮   室
    㬭  ⢠  ࠡ⠭  த樨   ⠭
      室.
             ஫   室   ਠ      ந⢮
    ॣ஢ "묨 㪠ﬨ  ਬ  ଠ⨢
    ⮤    ந⢮  㫨஢ ଠ⨢
     䠪᪮ ᥡ⮨ த樨"  ᫥묨 ﬨ.
       ஫ ᯮ짮  ਠ   ந⢥   
    ।⥫      ᫥騩   (ᮮ⢥⢥,     砫
    ந⢥   ᫥ 室 ਠ).
       ।⥫  ஫  砥  E஢   ᪠
    ᮢ  ᨣ쭮 㬥஢F.
       ஢ ᪠  ᮢ   ந⢮ ⢫
    ।⢮ ⭮ -  ,   䨪  
    뤠      ਠ.   ⠭  
    ⠫,       .              



    "ﭮ᪢"  "ࠢ " (ਫ.  6),
       ஫ 室   100  ஡
    ࠭ᯮ  ।.      室   
    ᭠砫   ।  ଠ⨢  室,  ⥬  㬭 
    室   100  ஡  䠪᪨ ஡,   ⥬
    ࠢ 祭 稭  䠪᪨ ꥬ ࠢ-
     .
       E⮤  ᨣ쭮  㬥஢F  ਬ   
    㦤   ਠ    ᪥  ᢥ  
    ਠ.        믨뢠  ᯥ樠  㬥,
    騩 梥⮢  祭 (   ,  㣮 梥
    㬠),   ஬ 㪠뢠  稭    ⪫, 
      ਢ  .
       ⮨⢮  ⮤  ᨣ쭮  㬥஢  ,
    㭨ᠫ쭮,    ਬ    ந⢠.
    㪮⥫   ।⨩,   뢠   㬥,    
    ᮮ⢥  ଠ    ਬ     ।饭
    室.⮪ ⮣ ⮤  ⮬,    
     ᢥ孮ଠ⨢ 室 ਠ,  ᢥ嫨  
    ந⢮, ⮬     ࠪਧ  ᯮ짮
    ਠ  ࠡ  .    ⮤  ᯮ  
    砥 ।⨨,      ਬ   ᪠ 
    ந⢮  ⠪   ਠ  業⥩       娬᪨
    ॠ  .  ⮣  室 ⠭  ᪠   
    ந⢮   ਠ ᮢ.
         ⢠    ⮤  ᫥饣  ஫ 
    ᥣ ਬ ⮤      ⮤.
       E⮤  ⨮    뢭  F  -   
    樮.   ⮪      ⮤       ࠭祭
    ਬ:      ᯮ짮  ⮫쪮     ਠ,
      ࣠   ,  ⮬         ਬ
     砥 ।⨨.



         ⨮          .  
    뢠  ⢮  ਠ,      ࠡ祬 ,
    ⢮ ⮢  (⠫ ),  ᤥ   ⮩ ⨨,
    ⢮ 祭 室  ᯮ짮 ਠ.室
    ਠ      ଠ   ।   㬭    ⢠
    ࠡ⠭   த樨,   ⠫         室.   
    ᮯ⠢ ⢠ 䠪᪨ 室 ਠ  
    室    ଠ  ⠭  १   ᯮ짮:
      室.
         ⪫    ᯮ짮  ࠨ   ਠ
      ।⢥    ࢨ  㬥     :
    ன  .        㪠뢠  稭     
    ⪫,  ⮬ ᫥   ࠡ .६
    ன  㬥  㦨    室   祭
    ⠫  ⮢,  ᯨᠭ 室 ਠ  ந-
    ⢮.
       ⮨⢮ ⨮   뢭    
    ஫  ᯮ짮 ਠ ।⢥   ࠡ
    ,    㠫  稭 ⪫   
    ⨨ ਠ.
       E  ⮤F    ⪫ ॡ -
    ਧ樨 ⪮ 室 ਠ  客  
     ࠡ     ⪫. ᪨ 室
    ਠ ।  ⭮ 㫥:
         = .. +  - .;
            -   䠪᪨ 室 ਠ;
            . - ⪨ ਠ  砫 ਮ;
            . - ⪨ ਠ   ਮ,  
                    ⪫;
               - 㯫 ਠ ந⢮  祭
                   ਮ
    ଠ⨢  室  ਠ      ⥬ 㬭



    ᫠    ⠫,  ⮢,  ⮢      ଠ-
    ⨢    ਠ:
                  = Q * ,
      - ⢮ ⮢ ⠫,
        Q - ଠ 室 ਠ   ⠫.
        ⪫  室 ਠ :  - 
        饩  㬬 ⪫,  ⠭ ⠪  ⮤, 㦭
    ᪫ ଠ⨢   ⥫쭮 ࠪ -
       ⪫  ᫥⢨  ਠ. ⠢
    㬬   ।⠢   ᮡ   稭   ⪫,   맢
    樮   ᯮ짮    饭       ந⢮
    ਠ.  ⮨⢮  ୮  ⮤   㭨ᠫ쭮
    ਬ      ந,  ⮪  -   祭-
            ⪫        稭       .
      ⮤  ᯮ    ।⨨,   ਬ 
    । ᢥ孮ଠ⨢ 室 娬ॠ⮢,  ᯮ㥬
       ⪨   ஢         .     
    㬥⠫쭮   ⢥ত      室      
    娬ॠ⮢    㡨᪨ ஢ ॠ .
     ⠫  ⤥ । ⪫  䠪᪮
    ॡ  娬ॠ⮢    ଠ⨢,  ᯮ   
    䠪᪮  ꥬ   ॠ  .    ᭮   稭
    ⪫    窠   १ ਩. -
      ⠪ ନ    ।  
     饩 㬬 ⪫. 祭 ⪫   ࠪਧ
    䥪⨭ ᯮ짮 娬᪨ ॠ⮢  ந⢥.
         ࠧ,  ஫     室  ਠ   
    ந⢮   "ﭮ᪢" ࣠  ।⢮
    ⮤  ஢  ᪠   ਠ    ந⢮   
    ୮ ⮤, 祬  ⮤ ਬ  ஫
     ᯮ짮  ந⢥    ਠ
    業⥩.   ⮬   ।      ᮢ襭⢮  


3F
     ⥬   ⪫   ଠ⨢  室
    ਠ.   ⮣,   - ,   䨪஢  
    室    ᪠   業   ண ਠ
    業⥩, ⮡     ⠪ ࢨ 㬥, 
    ⭮ -  ,    ᢥ嫨   .
    .   - ,  室   ப ७ ୮
    ⮤    ⪫   (  ⮫쪮     娬ॠ⮢).
      ,     ,     ।    ⮬⨧஢
      ஫    ᯮ짮  ਠ  ந⢥,
      ⮣  室  ⠭    ଠ樮  ,
    뢠   壠ਨ,  ᪫  ।⢥
     ࠡ ,   ⨢  ⮢୮  
    樮쭮  ᯮ짮    ந⢥  ਠ  ,
    ⢥⢥  .


3F
                       E         .F
        ᨩ᪮  樨   ᫮ 뭮筮  ७樨 -
    ﭨ  ।         ᯮᮡ,
     㢥祭     祭   ந⢮ ⥫-
      ண  ᮢ,   ⨣  ⨬   ꥬ
    ந⢠  த樨  (ࠡ,  ),  稢   ⮬ -
    ᨬ쭮  ਡ.
         ⮩  樨  ⠭  祢  室  -
    쭮    䥪⨢  ᯮ짮    ந-
       宧⢥ ⥫쭮      ।-
    ⨨  ᮢ,    ⮬  ᫥  ਠ ᮢ, 
    訩  㤥       ᥡ⮨ த樨 (-
    ,  )  -  45.4  %     "ﭮ᪢"  1996 
    [. 9].
       ⥫쭮,  ᮪饭  ਠ       ᭨
    ਠ த樨  (ࠡ, )     ᬠ-
    ਢ  ।  訬  䠪஬  襭  䥪⨢-
      ந⢠,  ᪮  㬥襭     ந-
    ⢮  த樨  ᫥⢨   室 ਠ
    ᮢ ᯮᮡ  ᭨   ᥡ⮨    ਡ-
          ॠ樨.  ஬  ⮣,  ᭨ 㤥 室
    ਠ,  ਠ த樨 (ࠡ, ) ਢ 
    ᪮७  稢  । ।,  㬥-
    襭     ࠧ ந⢥   ᮢ,
    ᫥⥫쭮,  蠥    ᮢ㯭 ⥫  䥪-
    ⨢ ந⢠.
       ⮬    ࠪ⨪  ᯮ짮  ਠ ᮢ -
    室  㪮⢮  ⪮  ।묨 砬 ,
    ஫      ᯮ짮  ਠ   ந⢮.
    襭    ᯮᮡ  ࠢ쭠  ࣠ ⨢
    (  ⠬  ࠭    ᯮ짮)    壠᪮ 
    ਠ 業⥩  ।⨨.


3F
         ᫥       "ﭮ᪢"  ᤥ
      襭      ᥬ  ࠢ ⭮ , 
    ⮬ ᫥   ࣠樨     ஫ ᯮ짮  -
    ਠ ᮢ  ந⢮. , ਬ:
    - ਭ  ⭠  ⨪  ।,   ன ⪮ -
      祭      ⮤  壠᪮ , ᯮ㥬 
       ⭮  ࠪ⨪, ᯮᮡ  業 ꥪ⮢  壠᪮
      ,  ⮬ ᫥ ਠ ᮢ;
    - 壠᪨    ਠ  業⥩  ⮬-
      ⨧஢         ᮢ६ ᮭ -
      ஢,  ᫥⢨  祣  ᨫ  ⨢  -
      ୮  ଠ樨        ⪠ ਠ -
      ᮢ, ਭ ।.
         㭪樮஢  ।     뭮   ᫮
    ᫮  室  쭥襣  ᮢ襭⢮ -
    , ஫     室 ਠ   ந⢮, 
          筨  襭 䥪⨢ ந-
    ⢠,      ७ᯮᮡ    ᪮ -
    ⮩稢.
       ᫥  饩  ࠪ⨪     ஫ ᯮ-
     ਠ   ந⢮    "ﭮ᪢" 
    1996  .    ⠭,      ஫  
    ᭮   ᮮ⢥⢨   ﬨ   壠᪮   
    ⭮     26.12.94 .  N 170   ਭ⮩  ।⨨
    ⭮ ⨪.
        ਠ   ந⢥   宧⢥  㦤
    ଫ   "ॡﬨ"        ਠ    ⨯
    㢥⢥   N -11  (ਫ.2), "묨"  -
    ७  ६饭  ਠ  (ਫ. 3), "묨  
    ਠ    ஭" ⨯  㢥⢥  N -15
    (ਫ. 4)  "ࠢ묨 ﬨ" (ਫ. 6).
         ᫥㥬  ।⨨  訩   ਠ ࣠-



       ஢ ⮤  ᪮   -
    ,   ᮥ ணᨢ  ᠫ줮   ⮢-
     ⢥ - 㬬.   ⮬  ⮤ 壠
        ਠ   ⮫쪮   ,    -
    ࠫ쭮  ࠦ,    ⥫쭮  砥  訡
     宦   묨  壠᪮   ᪫᪮ .
         ਠ  業⥩  ࠦ  ।⢥
        10  "ਠ",  12 "業 ந訢騥
    ।⢠" c  ਬ   16 "⪫   ⮨ -
    ".
       ਠ, ᯨ뢠   ந⢮,  業   ।-
      ᥡ⮨.    ⮬    ⥪饬   ।⨥ -
       業,   ⢥   㦠 ⮢  業
    ८⥭,  ௥塞  ⮤  .    ।
    ⪫ 䠪᪮  ᥡ⮨ ਠ     ⮨-
          業  ⮬⨧஢  ᮭ -
       ந室    ,   ᮣ᭮  ⠭
    業 ⪫,   ᮮ⢥騥      ࠢ-
     室  ਠ ᯨ뢠  । ணࠬ-
     ᯮᮡ ⪫.
       ᪨    室  ਠ  ࣠    -
      設ࠬ,  砥  ⮬᪨     ᮭ
    , ਬ,"⭠     ᪫" (ਫ. 9 ),"-
      㬥⠬  室 - 室"  (ਫ. 10), " -
    ਠ     " (ਫ. 11), "⮣ ॠ樨  " (ਫ.
    12), "室 ਠ     ࠢ  "  (ਫ. 13 ).
        楫  ࣠    ஫  ᯮ짮 ਠ-
        ந⢮     "ﭮ᪢"  ᮮ⢥
    ॡ  ᮤঠ騬   ଠ⨢  㬥   -
    ਠ,  ,    室  ᫥ 뫨  ᫥騥
    ⪨:
      1) ᮣ᭮  ⭮ ⨪   "ﭮ᪢"  -



             ࠦ      10  "ਠ"   
           業,  ਬ  ⠪    16  "⪫ 
         ⮨  ਠ",   ᮣ᭮  ଠ⨢   㬥⠬
             砥    ᯮ짮     15 "-
         ⮢    ਮ⥭  ਠ",      ࠪ⨪ 
           ਬ,    ᢨ⥫    襭  ଠ-
         ⨢  ࠢ    壠᪮       -
         砥 ।⨨;
      2) 筮  䥪⨢  ࣠  ஫    樮-
           ᯮ짮  ਠ  業⥩     ந-
         ⢥,  .  .    ࠪ⨪  ਬ ⮫쪮 -
           ⮤    ஫    ᯮ짮  ந⢥
         娬᪨  ॠ⮢    ⮤  ஢  ᪠ -
         ,  ᫥⢨  祣   ᮧ  ᫮     樮-
         쭮    楫  ᯮ짮  ਠ     -
         筮 ;
      3)   ࢨ筮      ᯮ   䥪⨢
           室  ࢨ  㬥⮢,  ⠪   ⭮-
           ,        ਬ   ⥪-
         饣  ஫    ⠬  ᪠    ⥬-
         ᪨  ॡ塞    믮  ࠡ  ਠ   
         ந⢥  宧⢥ 㦤;
      4)     10  "ਠ"    ⮫쪮  3  :  5
         "᭮  ਠ",  6  "  ",  8  "", -
           㯭  㯯஢    饥  ६  
           䥪⨢,  ᪮      5 "᭮ -
         ਠ"  뢠  ࠧ    ஫     ந-
         ⢠  ਠ,    ᫮      ᡮ ଠ-
         樨    室  㯯  ਠ  業⥩, -
         , 娬᪨ ॠ⮢;
      5) 壠  ਠ쭮  ⤥  ࠫ  壠-
         ਨ  ਭ  ࢨ  㬥     -



           業⥩      ᪫     ଫ
         "  ਥ  -  ।  室   室 -
         ⮢",      뫮      ᭮   
           ᫮    ⮬⨧樨  ᪫᪮   壠-
         ᪮ ;
      6) ࠡ稥         ᭠饭 -
         ࠬ,    ⥫쭮  ᫮  ࠡ   蠥 -
         ⭮    訡    筮⥩   -
           ࢨ  㬥⮢,    ⠪  宦  묨
         壠᪮ .
        楫  ᮢ襭⢮    ஫  室 ਠ-
        ந⢮     䥪⨢ ᯮ짮 -
    ਠ  ᮢ      "ﭮ᪢" ।⠢
    楫ᮮࠧ ।:
      1) 뢠,      ⢥   業 ਬ ⮢
         業,    , ⪫ﬨ     ⮫쪮 ࠭-
         ᯮ⭮  -  ⮢⥫  室,   ⠪ 뢠, 
          15  "⮢   ਮ⥭ ਠ"   ࠪ-
         ⨪   ᯮ,   ᤥ 뢮   ⮬,   -
         ᮮࠧ  ।  ⪠   ᯮ짮 
         16 "⪫  ⮨  ਠ"     
           10  "",    ஬    ࠦ 㪠
         ⪫.   ⮬ 砥  ⮤ 壠᪮  -
           㯫  ਠ  㤥  ᮮ⢥⢮
         ଠ⨢ ॡ     ਠ ᮢ  
          10 "ਠ"  䠪᪮ ᥡ⮨.
      2)   "ﭮ᪢"    ᮢ襭⢮   -
          ⥬   ⪫   ଠ⨢  室
         ਠ.    ⮣,    -  ,  䨪஢
           室      ᪠   業  ண
         ਠ  業⥩,  ⮡        ⠪
         ࢨ  㬥,    ⭮  -   , 



             ᢥ嫨   ਠ   .  .  -
         , 室  ப ७  ୮ -
         ⮤  ⪫  ( ⮫쪮   娬᪨ ॠ-
         ⮢).  ,   ,   । ⮬⨧-
           ஫  ᯮ짮 ਠ   ந-
         ⢥,  ⮣ 室 ⠭  ଠ樮-
          , 뢠   壠ਨ,  ᪫ 
         ।⢥  ࠡ ,   ⨢ 
         ⮢୮    樮쭮  ᯮ짮  ந-
         ⢥ ਠ  , ⢥⢥  .
      3)   ४  ࠧࠡ    ⠫ 㯯-
         ஢  ਠ,  ᯮ㥬  ।⢥  
         ।⨨          10 "ਠ" ᮮ⢥-
         騥  ,  ਬ,    ⤥  㯯  
         뤥  娬᪨  ॠ,      -
         ⨢    ⮢୮  ।  䠪 ᥡ⮨
         室    ⠢    ᪫  娬᪨ ॠ-
         ⮢.
      4)   " ਥ  - ᤠ  㬥⮢" .   - 13 
         ஫    ⮩  ᤠ  ࢨ 㬥⮢ -
         騬   壠.
      5)    쭥襬    "ﭮ᪢"  । -
         १஢  ᪫᪮  ,   ⥫쭮 
             ᪫,      ᯥ⨢   ᪮७
         㬥⮮    祭   ⨢  ଠ樨   
           ਠ  業⥩,  楫ᮮࠧ  ᮥ
          ࠢ   "ﭮ᪢"     -
            樮 .
       ஢    䥪⨢  ᯮ짮 ਠ
    ᮢ ⠭,   ந⢮    "ﭮ᪢"
     1995 -  1996    ਠ, ⠪   ਠ
        饬  ⠢      ந⢮  ॠ



    த樨 (ࠡ,  )  訩 㤥   -
    ⠢ ᮮ⢥⢥ 47.6%  45.4%. 襭 ᮫⭮ 㬬
    ਠ   1996  .  ࠢ  1995 .  3  387.0
    . .    4.4%   ६ ᭨     饩
    㬬   ந⢮  ॠ த樨 (ࠡ,)
     2.2 業 㭪 ᢨ⥫  ᭨  ਠ-
      ந⢠,   ⥫ ⮬  宧-
    ⢥ ⥫쭮 㥬 ।.
       ஢   ,    1996  . 䠪᪨ -
    ਠ    뫨       7.2%,  䠪᪨
    ꥬ  ந  ࠡ  㬥訫    ࠢ    
    ⮫쪮    5.0%.    ᮮ⭮襭    ⥫
    ᫮ ᭨  饩 ਠ  믮 ࠡ  
    43.0      41.9 . 䠪᪨,  ਢ   ᭨-
     ਠ     1 954.7  . .     -
    ⥫쭮 믮 ࠡ  4  545.8 . .    ᮮ-
    襭    ਠ      ꥬ ந
    ࠡ ࠪ୮  1996  .  ࠢ   1995 . -   ᭨-
      ਠ        ਮ  ६    4.4%,
    㬥襭 ꥬ 믮  ࠡ ⠢ 4.1%,   १-
     祣 䠪᪠   ਠ   1996 . 뫠  
    ᮮ⢥饣  祭  1995  .  0.1 .    -
     ᢨ⥫   筮  䥪⨢ ᯮ짮  -
    ਠ  ᮢ.
         稭   饩 ਠ  믮-
     ࠡ    "ﭮ᪢"  1996 .  ஢ -
        ⥫  ਠ,   , 
    䥪⨢ ᯮ짮   믮  ࠡ 娬᪨  ॠ-
    , 㯭     䠡ਪ, ⥯ࣨ   -
    ࣨ,    裡    祬  ਠ  㬥訫 
    5  508.7  .  .,      ⥫쭮 믮-



     ࠡ   㬬  12 810.9  . .  䥪⨢ ᯮ짮-
     ६  ਠ, ᯮ㥬   ஢  ६-
      ஢    樮  ᮮ㦥,  稥  
    ਠ,    ᫥⢨  祣  ਠ  㢥稫
     3 554.6 .  .,  㬥訫   ꥬ 믮
    ࠡ  8  265.1 . .  ,  "ﭮ᪢"  -
    室  ४,  த  ᭨    ਠ-
     믮  ࠡ   襭   ⢠, ਭ -
        ।饭  室    ࠢ    -
       ਠ  ᮢ.
       ஢    䥪⨢  ᯮ짮 ਠ
    ᮢ ⠭,     樨   १ࢮ
     "ﭮ᪢"  ᬮ ᭨  ਠ ,  
    ᫥⥫쭮,    ᥡ⮨  믮  ࠡ    3 554.0
    .  .    㬬  १ࢠ   ꥬ 믮 ࠡ
        襭  ᯮ짮  ਠ  ᮢ -
     8  265.1 .  .   4.7%   䠪᪮   ꥬ 
    1996 .



                                               ଠ N 24
                                               ⢥ত
                                         ਪ 㧠 
                                          6 ५ 1983 . N 429

    _____________________________________________________________________
                       ( 㧠)

     ____________ 䥤 ______________________________________

    樠쭮 _______________________________________________________

                                               ⢥ত
                                               . 䥤ன

                                               "___" _______ 199_.

                                

                     ()  

    _____________________________________________________________________
                               ()
    1.  ஥ (ࠡ) ____________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    ⢥ত ਪ    "___" _______________ 199__ . __

    2. ப ᤠ 㤥⮬ 祭 ஥ (ࠡ) _______________

    3. 室   ஥ (ࠡ) _______________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    4. ঠ ⭮ - ᭨⥫쭮 ᪨ (祭 

    ࠧࠡ⪥ ᮢ) ________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________



    5. 祭 ᪮ ਠ (  㪠 易⥫

       ⥦) ________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    6. ⠭  ஥ (ࠡ),  㪠 ⭮  

       ࠧ ஥ (ࠡ).

    -------------------T-----------------------T------------------------
                                                ,         
                                             +-----------T------------+
                    ⠭                 
                                               뤠     ਭ     
    +------------------+-----------------------+-----------+------------+
                                                                    
                                                                    
                                                                    
                                                                    
                                                                    
                                                                    
                                                                    
    L------------------+-----------------------+-----------+-------------

    7.  뤠  ______________________________________________


       㪮⥫ _____________________________________________________
                            ()

        ਭ  ᯮ ______________________________________
                                      ()




                         C      

            ࠪ᪮ 稬  ࠡ


     ࠡ ____________________________________________________
                             (
    _____________________________________________________________________
                              
    _____________________________________________________________________
                              ࠡ)
    㤥 () _______________________________________________________

    2  ⤥ ண 襣 ࠧ

     , 믮  ਠ

    _____________________________________________________________________

    ᮤন ____________________________________________________________
               (᫨   뢮, 騥
    _____________________________________________________________________
                ࠪ᪮ 祭)
    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________



      壠                        


     



                                                 ਫ 2


                               

                   ।  믮

                        ࠡ


                                 饬 䥤ன

                                 䨭ᮢ, 壠᪮

                                   ⨪

                                  


    ।⨥ _________________________________________________________

     㤥 2  ⤥ ண 襣 ࠧ

    _____________________________________________________________________
                            ( 㤥)

    ࠡ  ࠡ  ⥬:

    _____________________________________________________________________
                   ⥬  ࠡ
    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________
                     ᭮   ⥬
    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________

    _____________________________________________________________________




     砫쭨  ⤥                         


     






                     E-----------------------------------------------------
                                                                         
                       ஫ ᯮ짮 ਠ  ந⢥  
                                                                         
                     L--------T-----------------------------------T--------
                                                                 
                                                                 
                                                                 
               ===== ।⥫ =======       ======== ᫥騩 ========
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                --------------------------         -------------------------- 
                  ஢ ᪠             ⮤ ⨮      
                                                                            
                      ᮢ                      뢭     
                L--------------------------         L-------------------------- 
                                                                                
                                                                                
                                                                                
                --------------------------         -------------------------- 
                    ⮤ ᨣ쭮                            
                                                                            
                    㬥஢                       ⮤            
                L--------------------------         L-------------------------- 
                                                                                
               L=============================-       L=============================-



                  . 6. ⮤ ஫ ᯮ짮 ਠ  ந⢥.





     ࣠樨 E "ﭮ᪢"F

     _______________

      設 _______________________


                      E  F


    -------T---------------------T-------T-------T-------T----------------
                                                
             ⥫                              
    -------+---------------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------
                                                     
    -------+---------------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------
                                                     
    -------+---------------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------
                                                     
    -------+---------------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------
                                                     
    -------+---------------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------
                                                     
    -------+---------------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------
                                                     
    -------+---------------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------
                                                     
    -------+---------------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------
                                                     
    -------+---------------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------
                                                     
    -------+---------------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------
                                                     
    -------+---------------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------
                                                     
    -------+---------------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------
                                                     
    -------+---------------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------
                                                     
    -------+---------------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------
                                                     
    -------+---------------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------
                                                     
    -------+---------------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------
                                                     
    -------+---------------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------
                                                     
    -------+---------------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------
                                                     
    -------+---------------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------
                                                     
    -------+---------------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------
                                                     
    -------+---------------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------
                                                     
    -------+---------------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------
                                                     
    -------+---------------------+-------+-------+-------+----------------





          ᬠਢ ।  ᤥ 뢮, 
      ᯮ짮 ਠ  ந⢥ ஫ ⮫쪮
       ᯮᮡ - ,     ﭨ ।
      ,    ந襫 室  . -
      ⮬  ࣠樨  ।  ᪠  ந-
      ⢮  業 ਠ   ⠪ 室
      㬥,  ⭮ -  ,   
       ᢥ嫨   ..


         ᨬ  ਬ塞 ⮤  ⪫

      楫ᮮࠧ ६ ⨢  ⪫  

       ࠦ   ࢨ 㬥, ⭮, ⠭

      稭  ⪫.



      ᭮묨 ⮤
       ⪫  ⠭ 

      :

         - ᨣ쭮 㬥஢;

         -  ⨮  뢭  ਠ;

         - ।⥫  ⪫  䠪᪮ 楯
           ᪠ ਠ  ந⢮ (⭮ ᪨
           ⮤);

         -  ⮤.

         E⮤ ।⥫ ⮢ ⪫F ⥬ ᮯ-
      ⠢ ଠ⨢  䠪᪮ 楯 ᪠  
      ਠ ਬ  ந⢠,   ॡ
        ᬥ (饢, 娬᪮ ஬諥  ..).
       ⪫   ᪥   ਠ
       ந⢮, ࠢ    ᬥ
      室  ଥ  䠪᪨. ଠ⨢  ⮢
       । ⥬ 㬭   ꥬ 㧪
       ।ᬮ७ 孮᪨ ᮬ 樥
        , , ન   ਠ  
      饬 ॡ.  ⮤  ᯮ  ।-
      ⨨    ᯥ筮.


                                                           34





                                                           35

                             



         ந⢥  (, ਠ, ⮯),
       ।⠬ 㤠, ᯥ稢   ।⢠
      㤠  ࠡ祩 ᨫ ந⢥  ।,
       ஬  ᯮ ⭮. ⮨ 
       ।   ᮧ த.
          砥 ।⨨ 㤥  ਠ 
       ᥡ⮨ ஢  ⠢ ਬ୮ 20%.
      ᬮ  ⭮⥫쭮  稭  ⥫
      ᬠਢ ⥬    ⥯.  -
      饥 ६  ᫮ 뭮筮  ।饥 祭
      ८ ⢥ ⥫, ⠪  ᭨ 㤥-
        , ਠ  ⮯. ᫥ 
       䥪⨢ ࣠  ਠ  -
       業⥩  ।⨨,  ⠪  ⢥-
       ⮤ ஫  ࠭  ᯮ짮 -
      ਠ  ந⢥.
           ।뫪    ࠢ쭮    ࣠樨    
     ந⢥   ᮢ         䨪  
     祭   ஫      ந⢠.  ᮮ⢥⢨
       ந⢥  ࠧ  ᫥騥:
        -      ਠ;
        -  㯭  䠡ਪ   騥  ,
           樨  ⠫;
        -  ⮯
        -        ਠ;
        -    ;
        -  稥  ਠ;
        -  ந⥫  ਠ;
        -  業    ந訢騥  । ().
           ᮮ⢥⢨      ⮢   壠᪮  
          㪠   㯯      10   "ਠ"
     (஬ )  ।祭  ⤥  .
          ।⨨  ⤥ 㯯 뤥 ᫥騥
       ਠ 業⥩: ,    ਠ,
       ᫥ 㯯 ⭮   ⠫  ᫥-
       㯯, ⮬  ⠢ ᠬ ⥫ -
      82%.  䨪  뢠 筮,
       쭥襬  । ந  ⠫
      ࠧ ਠ  㯯, ਬ,  ⤥
      㯯 뤥 娬ॠ,    
        ⮣, ⮡  筮 ।  室 
      ᭮ ਧ⢮.
        襩 ।뫪 䥪⨢ ࣠樨  -
     ਠ   業.  ᮮ⢥⢨   
     壠᪮   ⭮ ந⢥  
       ⭮  ࠦ    䠪᪮
     ᥡ⮨.
        । 䠪᪮ ᥡ⮨ ਠ ᮢ,
     ᯨ뢠  ந⢮ ࠧ蠥 ந  
     ᫥ ⮤ 業 ᮢ:


                                                           36

        -  । ᥡ⮨;
        - ⮤ ;
        - ⮤ .
          ᯮᮡ 業 ਠ  ᮢ 
     ࠤ樮  襩 ⢥ ⭮ ⨪. 祭
     ⭮  ਠ  ᯨ뢠  ந-
     ⢮,  ࠢ,   業,      
     ⭮ ᮮ⢥  ⪫ 䠪᪮ ᥡ-
      ਠ ᮢ  ⮨    業.
        ⮤        砥        業    ਠ
     業⥩      ࢮ砫쭮  ⮨,  砥:
     "ࢠ       室        ࢠ     室".
          ⮤     業  ਠ  業   
     ⠭⥫쭮 ⮨ 室  ࠢ :  "᫥
          室  -  ࢠ   室".
         砥 ।⨨ ਠ ᯨ뢠 ⮤ ,
      ⮣  ᪨  ਠ  ࠧ
     㯮 業,    砥 ᮮ⢥ -
     ᪮    ⠢. ..  饥 ६
     㯮筠 業 ਠ   ⨨ ⠢  ᮮ⢥-
      業 ⮣  ਠ  㣮 ⨨. ஬ ⮣,
      饩 ⥭樨 襭 業, 業   
      ⨥. ਠ 業 ᯨ뢠  ந⢮
     稭  襩 業,  ᮮ⢥ 
     ࠭ ਨ ⠢,  祬  砥  ⮤ .
        襭 ᡥ० ᯮᮡ 㯮冷祭
     ࢨ筮 㬥樨  ଫ ᪠ ਠ 
     ந⢥  宧⢥ 㦤.
         ᬠਢ ।⨨ 室 ਠ ଫ
     ࠢ묨 ﬨ, ॡﬨ   ਠ,
     묨  ७ ६饭 ਠ, 묨 
      ਠ  ஭     (ਫ. 1 - 3, 11).
          室묨 㬥⠬,  ᭮ 
     ந室 ᯨᠭ ਠ   . ⥫-
      ⮬  ,   ᪫  "ﭮ᪢"
      饭 ᪫᪮  ७ ६饭  
     ਠ  ந⢮  ⮫쪮  ࠫ -
     ⥫.     壠ਨ    ࢨ  -
     ⮢      ᯥ樠쭮  ணࠬ  ᯥ祭
     ந室  ᢮    業   室
     㬥,  ⢥  㦠 ⮢ 業 ਮ-
     , ।  ⮤ . ⥫쭠 ஭ -
     砥  ⮬,    ᯮ㥬  ।⨨ -
     ⮢  ஫஢ ࠭  ᯮ짮
     ਠ  ந⢥.  ॡ ⢥
     ⠪ 㬥,  ⭮ -    ன
     ,     㤨  ᢥ嫨⭮ ᯮ짮-
      ਠ,  ⠪  ⪫  ⠭
      室. ⮬,  ᨫ ஫  ᯮ짮-
      ਠ  ந⢥, ।  ४-
      ⢨ ஢ ᪠ ᮡ 業 ਠ-
           ⭮ -  .
        訬 ᫮ ࠢ쭮 ࣠樨  ਠ
      ᯥ祭  ࠭ 㦨 襥 ﭨ ᪫-
     ᪮ 宧⢠. 冷  ਠ  ᪫  
     壠ਨ   ⮤  ਠ. 


                                                           37

     ணᨢ  樮 ⠥ ᠫ줮 ( ਬ-
       ।⨨),  ⠪ ⢥ - ⮢
     . 줮   襩 ⥯  ᢥ
      ᪫᪮  壠᪮  ⥬ ᮯ⠢
     ⪮ ਠ   ᪫᪮   ⪠
     ਠ   壠᪮ .
         ᨬ  ਭ⮩ ⭮ ⨪, ।⨥ 
     ⢫  ਠ 業⥩   業 
      ᯮ짮 ⮢ 16 "⪫  ⮨ ਠ" 
     15 "⮢  ਮ⥭ ਠ",⠪   . -
      ⭮ ⨪, ᫥㥬 ।⨥ ਬ  16
     (. 15  ᯮ)...   10 ਠ ࠦ 
     ⮢ 業 ਮ⥭. ⪫,   , ࠦ-
        16.  祭  ਠ ᯨ뢠  ।
     10   ந⢥ ⮢  ⮢ 業, ।-
      ⮤ ,       ⭮ ᮮ⢥-
       .
        ⥫ ⮬  ,    16 "⪫-
       ⮨ ਠ"   ᪨  
     㯯 ਠ 業⥩  ਡ⥫쭮  -
         ⪫.   ਢ  ᪠ ᥡ-
      ⭮ ᪠ த樨 (ࠡ,), .. 䠪-
     ᪠ ᥡ⮬  ਠ 業⥩ 
      襭,  㣨 - .
         ஫  樮 ᯮ짮   -
     ਠ  ந⢥  ᫥騥 ⮤ 
     ⪫ 䠪᪮ 室 ਠ  ⠭
      :
         - ᨣ쭮 㬥஢;
         -  ⨮  뢭  ਠ;
         - ।⥫  ⪫  䠪᪮ -
           楯 ᪠ ਠ  ந⢮ (⭮
           ᪨ ⮤);
         -  ⮤.
          砥 ।⨨ ਬ ⮫쪮 
      ⮤.  ⪨     ᯮ 娬ॠ-
       ,  室 ନ   ⠫ ।
      ⪫ 䠪᪮ 室  ଠ⨢ . 
      ⮤   ﭨ । ,   
      ந襫 室, ⮬ ࣠樨  
         ਠ 業⥩,  ⮣ ⮡
        ᨣ쭮 ⮤ 㬥஢.
          䥪⨢ ࣠樨 壠᪮ 
      ਠ ᮢ   "ﭮ᪢" ᢨ⥫-
       ,      ᮭ -
      ஢,   筥 ஫஢  
      ਠ  業⥩.    ਭ樯,   祭  
      室  ⮢  筮      -
        ࢨ  㬥.    ନ  
      室  設ࠬ (ਫ  5 - 13).
           ᪮७  㬥⮮    饬    ।
      ⮬⨧஢    ।⢥    ᪫    ᮥ
        ࠢ  "ﭮ᪢"      ᪫  
        ஭      楫  祭  ⨢
      ଠ樨      ਠ  業⥩.


3F
                        E᮪ .F

        1. ࠫ  "  壠᪮ "  21.11.96  .
           N 129 - 3.
        2.   壠᪮  "⭠ ⨪  ।-
           ".ਪ 䨭     28.07.94  .  N 100./-
           筨 壠' 95. ୨ ଠ⨢ 㬥⮢.
        3.    ⠢     ந⢮  ॠ
           த樨 (ࠡ, ), 砥  ᥡ⮨  -
           樨 (ࠡ, ),   浪 ନ஢ 䨭ᮢ
           १⮢, 뢠  .  ⠭-
            ࠢ⥫⢠     5.08.92 .  N552  /壠᪨
           , 1992 N10;  ﬨ  ﬨ  01.07.95 .
           N661 / ᮢ , 1995 N30.
        4.  ⮢ 壠᪮    䨭ᮢ - 宧⢥-
              ⥫쭮   ।. ਪ  䨭   
           1.11.91.  ﬨ  ﬨ  28.12.94. ਪ
           䨭   N173/ࠢ筨 壠' 95. ୨ ଠ-
           ⨢ 㬥⮢.
        5.   ਬ  ⮢ 壠᪮ 
           䨭ᮢ - 宧⢥ ⥫쭮 ।⨩. ਪ
           䨭   1.11.91.  ﬨ  ﬨ  
           28.12.94. ਪ 䨭   N173/ࠢ筨  壠'
           95. ୨ ଠ⨢ 㬥⮢.
        6.       壠᪮         ⭮   
           ᨩ᪮ 樨. ਪ 䨭  N170  26.12.94./
           ࠢ筨 壠'95. ୨ ଠ⨢  㬥⮢.
        7. ᭮   ਧ樨 ᭮ ।, -
           ୮ - ਠ 業⥩,  ।  ⮢.
           쬮     30  1982. N 179  ।樨 -
             ,  10  1987. 쬮   N 51/



           ࠢ筨 壠'95. ୨ ଠ⨢ 㬥⮢.
        8.    ⢥ত 浪   ୠ  ⮢  -
           䠪          ⮨.
           ⠭ ࠢ⥫⢠   29.07.96 N 914./-
            , 1996 N37.
        9.   ..,  ६  ..   ᪮  -
            - ᪢:   ⨪, 1993 - 288.
       10. 㪨 .., 誥  ..,  ࠪ  . .    .;
           壠᪨   :  祡  -  ᪢:   壠᪨
           , 1996 - 296c.
       11. ..,誮  .  .⥩ .  .  .  壠-
           ᪨ : 祡 - :  誮, 1996 - 428.
       12. 祭 .., . ., ⨭ ..,  ..
           壠᪨   - ᪢:   ⨪,  1996-
           257.
       13.  . .業 ⮢୮ - ਠ 業⥩  -
             ⭮ - 壠᪨  , 1996 N11 - c.22-23
       14. ᪨ .. ᮡ ஢ 㤨᪮   -
           ન 権   ⮢୮   - ਠ묨  業ﬨ  -
           , 1996 N1 - .64-65
       15.  .. ""  "" - ⮤ 業  ਠ
           ᮢ - 壠᪨ , 1995 N8 - c.15-18
       16. 桥 .., ᠭ -  ..    壠᪮
           : .  . - : ࣮ - ⥫᪮  BHV,
           1994 - 384.
       17. 誥 .., 㫫 .. 壠᪨    -
           諥: 祡 ᮡ - , , 1993 - 368.
       18. 誥  .. ࣠  ⮤ 㤨  壠᪮
           ⭮ - , , 1995 - 148.
       19.   ..   䥪⨢ ᯮ짮  ந-


3F
           ⢥ ᮢ - ᪢:    ⨪,1985-
           135.
       20.  .., ⨭ .., 祭 ..  壠ᨩ
             ஬諥-᪢:  ⨪,1993-432.
       21.  .., 窮  .. ⮤ 業 ⮢୮ -  -
           ਠ 業⥩ - 壠᪨  , 1997 ᯥ -
           .109-110.
       22.  ..    室 ਠ - 壠-
           ᪨ , 1990 N12 - .35-37.
       23. ଠ ..  ਠ 業⥩-᪢: 
           ⨪, 1989 - 109.
       24. 㣮 ..  ந⢥ ᮢ - 壠᪨
            1996 N4 - .57-59.
       25. 㣮  ..     ਠ ᮢ:  ࠪ᪮
           ᮡ, ᪢:    ,1995 - 165.
       26. 㣮   ..    ᪠ ந⢥   ᮢ -
           壠᪨ , 1996 N5 - .3-10.
       27. 쥢  .. ਩   ⮤᪨  㪠  
           ਧ樨  ⢠     䨭ᮢ   易⥫ -
           , 1995 N5 - .3-7.
       28. ᨬ   ..     ஫   ਠ - 壠-
           ᪨ , 1990 N3 - c.4-8.
       29. ᪨  ..   ⮬⨧  壠᪮    
           ᮢ६  ᫮ - 壠᪨ , 1995 N2-.21
       30.  ..  ਠ த樨 -   ᭨
           - ᪢: , 1986 - 72.
       31. 㫫  ..,   ..    ᯮ짮
           ਠ ᮢ - 壠᪨ , 1990 N12 - 25.
       32. ઠ ..  ᡥ०    壠᪨    -
           壠᪨ , 1990 N17 - .18-23.



       33.  .. , ஫    ⥬  -
           ᡥ० - ᪢:   ⨪, 1989 - 209.
       34.   ..   ਠ ᮢ:   ᮢ-
           襭⢮    - ᪢:   -
           , 1983 - 176.
       35.  ..,   ..  ५. ᪠  -
           ன  ᨨ - ᪢: ⥫⢮ , 1995 - 182.
       36.  ..    ᨨ:  ஡  ᯥ⨢  -
           ନ஢ - 壠᪨  N 11 1996 - .3-5.


0



                           EF


            ࠡ  ", ஫    ᯮ-

            ਠ    ந⢮  (  ਬ 

          "ﭮ᪢")㤥⪨ 2  ⤥  -

          ண 襣  ࠧ   䠪 ᯥ樠-

           0605 "壠᪨   㤨"  -

              ய ⫠ 堩.


        , ਠ, ⮯, ࣨ  㣨   -
    ਠ ᮢ    ந⢥ ॡ  ࠢ-
    筠 㢥祭  ந⢠, ᫥⥫쭮, ᭨  -
    ਠ த樨 ᯮᮡ 㢥祭 ꥬ  ᪠  
     樮쭮  室   楫,    ᫠ 㠫-
     ⥬ ᫥.
        ࠡ 㤥⪨ ய .. ⮨   ,
     , 祭  ਫ.
           ᭮ 㠫쭮   楫 ᫥-
    ,  ࠪ⨪ ⭮ ⨪ ।.
        ࢮ    ࠡ "祭   ᯮ짮-
     ਠ ᮢ  ᭨ ᥡ⨬   ਠ-
     த樨" 㤥⪠ ய .. ᬮ५   ᭮
    ஫  祭   樮쭮 ᯮ짮 ਠ
     ந⢮ த樨  (ࠡ, )   ᭨ ᥡ⮨
    த樨.
        ன  "࣠ ⨢  壠᪮ 
     ஫ 室 ਠ  ந⢮"   ᬮ-
    ५  ࣠樨  ࠡ. 㡮 稢  㬥⠫쭮
    ଫ  ਠ, ࣠ ⨢   壠-
    ᪮  ਠ  業⥩; ஫    ᯮ짮-
    , 㤥⪠ 뫠 ⪨   ࣠樨    ஫
       ४樨    ᮢ襭⢮,  ।   -
    㦨 :
       -   ࠭ᯮ⭮ - ⮢⥫ ࠡ   
    ""    10,   ᯮ㥬   ।⨨   16,
    ᪮  15  ਬ;
       - ᨫ ஫  ᯮ짮 ਠ   ந⢥,
     ਬ  ⮤   ⮤ ஢ ᪠  -
    ᮢ;
       -  1 "᭮ ਠ"   10 ࠧ   ᪮-
     ⮢   뤥 த 㯯  ਠ, ࠧ
      ஫   ந⢠;
       - १஢ ᪫᪮ .
        쥩   " 䥪⨢ ᯮ짮  ਠ-
     ᮢ" ஢ 㡮      ⥫
    ਠ   業 䥪⨢ ᯮ짮  -
       ந⢮.      १  ꥬ
    ந⢠ த樨 (ࠡ,  )    襭 ᯮ짮-
      ਠ  ᮢ,  ⠢訩  8  265.1 . . 
    4.7%  䠪᪮  ꥬ  1996 .
        祭 ।⠢ 뢮  ।   ᮢ襭⢮-
       ஫ ᯮ짮 ਠ  ந⢮.
        楫   ࠡ  ᠭ ࠬ⭮,  ଫ  ᮮ-
    ⢨    ॡﬨ.      ࠡ  㤥⪠ 
    ⢥      ᪨ 稭,  모 ࠡ  
    ଠ⨢    ᯥ樠쭮  ன.     ᪮
        ࠡ  ஢    ਬ   (ணࠬ
    EXCEL for WINDOWS).
       ⠥,    㤥⪠  ய  .. 㦨 ᢮
    䨪樨   壠᪮   㤨.
         ࠡ  ᪠       㦨 ᮪
    ⥫쭮 業.


      .  ९⥫  䥤
      ᮢ, 壠᪮                   ࠩ .
       ⨪


2


                           EF


            ࠡ  ", ஫    ᯮ-
            ਠ    ந⢮  (  ਬ 
          "ﭮ᪢") 㤥⪨ 2  ⤥ -
          ண 襣  ࠧ   䠪 ᯥ樠-
           0605 "壠᪨   㤨"  -
              ய ⫠ 堩.

           樮쭮  ᯮ짮  ਠ ᮢ
        ந⢠    訬  ᫮  襭
    䥪⨢  䨭ᮢ   -  宧⢥   ⥫쭮   
    ।  (࣠樨).    裡    ⨬ 㠫쭮 ࠭-
     ⥬ ᮬ.
       㭨樯쭮 ।⨥  "ﭮ᪢"    
     ३  த  ﭮ᪥   ⥬  , -
    ஫  ,  裡  ⨬ 㤥⪥ ய ..  諮
    ਫ    ᨫ,      ᮢ襭⢮ ,
    । ,   , 訩  ।⠢ ।-
        ப ਬ ୮  ⮤    ⮤
    ஢ ᪠  ᮢ   楫 ᨫ  ஫   -
    짮 ਠ  ந⢥;  ⨥   ""
      10    ࠭ᯮ⭮  - ⮢⥫ ࠡ,  
    ᯮ㥬  ।⨨   16, ᪮   15   -
    ;  ਧ樨 ᪫᪮    ।   ࠧ-
      1  "᭮ ਠ"   10  ᪮쪮  -
    ⮢  뤥 த  㯯 ਠ, ࠧ   
    ஫   ந⢠.
         ᯮ짮  ਠ    ந⢮     
    "ﭮ᪢"    १  ᭨ 稭
    ਠ ,   ᫥⥫쭮,  ᥡ⮨   -
    ⢥   ᭠   3 554.0  . .   襭
    ᯮ짮      ਠ  ᮢ,    
      ਡ, 砥 ।⨥.
        ய  ..   室 ࠡ    ᯮ짮-
      讥  ⢮  㬥樨 㭨樯쭮 ।,
    ஢  ࠢ⥫ .  ନ ࠬ⭮,  ᯮ-
     㭪  ⠡.   ᪮    -
     뫨 ஢   (ணࠬ EXCEL for WINDOWS).
       ⠥,   ࠡ ய .. ᠭ   -
     ஢, 㦨  ⫨筮 業,     -  ᢮
    䨪樨   壠᪮   㤨.



     砫쭨   쬥誨 ..          


     

































       嫨    ਠ     
       ਠ  㣨   ᪠    ⮫쪮   
     ࠧ襭 㪮⥫  ।,     
     ,    ਠ                     
      :          ।祭  
     ⥫ (,  ⪠),  ன -   ᪫.  騪
     ⬥砥        - ॡ    
     ⢮ 饭  ਠ,  ᫥  祣 뢮
     ⮪.        -  ॡ    ⥫   (,
        ⪠) ᯨ뢠   騩    ᪫,        
     ᪫᪮  - ।⠢⥫ ⥫.


                                                           15

        騥  㬥  ᯮ  砥 ।-
     ⨨,    䥪⨢묨  ᫥ ஫  -
      ਠ.
        ਬ          ॡ        ᪫砥
     ஫     ⠬   ᪠   ਠ.       ⮣
     ਬ  E ᯮ짮  ⮢F.     
     ⨢ 㬥⮬,  ஬  ᮮ⢥騥
     ⬥⪨ ࠧ ᪮ ਠ.
          裡     ࠧ⨥   ᯥ樠樨     ஢
      襥  ਬ  室  E⮢   F.
     騥   ,      ࠢ,   ᪠  १
     ⮢ ,        ࠭   
                 ⢥,    ᮮ⢥饬    
     ᪠   த樨.                 믨뢠
     ⤥쭮     ⮢筠     ,          ன
     騥    ᪠     殮   .


                                                           16

           㪠뢠      ந⢠   த樨,
                      
     ,   ଠ      室        த樨    
     ⢮   饭   ⮢.    ⮬   ࠪ
     ⠫                㬥⠫쭮  
     ଫ.
              ⮢⥫              設ந⥫
     ।⨩,    袥,    㢭           㣨
     ᫥   ஬諥   ᯮ   Eன   F,
             ந            ਠ   
     ந⢮.          䨪   १    ᯮ-
        饭    ਠ         ⨨.   
     ன   㪠뢠:    ᪫,   
           ਠ,     ⢮,   業
       ⮨,     ⠪         .     砭
               ⬥:   䠪᪮    ⢮
     祭  ⠫   (     ࠪ);  室    
        ਠ      ଥ      䠪᪨      뢮
     १      (,   室).       
     ⠪  ᯮ     ⢥   ࢨ  㬥⮢   
      ࠡ⪨    ᪠    .
          楫   ᮪饭  ᫠   ࢨ  㬥⮢   ⠬,
        楫ᮮࠧ,    ଫ     ਠ
     ।⢥      E窠   ᪫᪮  F(ਫ.
     4).    ⮬   砥     室   㬥       
     ਠ    ଫ,    ᠬ     ந
        ᭮       ,   믨뢠       
                     祭     壠᪨
     㬥⮢.      ᪠       㪠        ᠬ
     窥.   ।⠢⥫         祭  ਠ
     ᯨ뢠     ।⢥      窥   ᪫᪮
     ,         ⭮  -  ୮       ᯨ뢠
     騪.
          ᬮਬ  ᯮᮡ 뢠騥 ᪫᪮
        ⮬ ਠ  壠ਨ   
      ணᨢ.








          ᯮ짮  ⮢୮  - ਠ  業⥩   
     ⢫   ய⨩   楫   祭     
     ⠢ ஢:

          48    10,  12
          96  "  䨭஢    㯫"    48


      ᯮ짮        ⥪饬  ਠ
       ।㯭  業  筮 뢠 㬬
      業 ⪫  䠪᪮ ᥡ⮨     ⮨
       㪠   業.     ⪫ 뢠   
         16 "⪫        ⮨ ਠ".     
     뢠           ୮  
     ਠ,      㯯   業- ⥩      ਡ⥫쭮
      ஢    ⪫.   砥  ਬ  
     ⢥  ⮢   業  砭   
     뢠 㬬     業 ࠭ᯮ⭮  -  ⮢⥫
     室     ⭮    ⮨    ਠ
          䠪᪮ ᥡ⮨.  ᫨    ⪫    
               (室)     
        (),    ࠭ᯮ⭮   - ⮢⥫   室
     -  ⮫쪮          .  ᮥ     ⪫
     (      )     ࠭ᯮ⭮  -   ⮢⥫
     室     ⮨ ਠ           業   
     ⮣      䠪 ᥡ⮨.



     ᥡ⮨ ⮤ 業 ᯮ  ⥪饬 壠᪮
     ⭮  砥 ।⨨  ।
     ᥡ⮨ ᯨᠭ  ந⢮ ਠ.  砫
     ᯨ뢠 ਠ  襩  -  業, . .
     ᪨    ⠢  易⥫쭮 ,
     ..  饩 ⥭樨 襭 業    ࠭
     ⨨ ⠢  ਠ ᮮ⢥  業. ஬
     ⮣,  ।⨨  ᯮ  16,  ஬
     뢠 ⪫  ⮨ ਠ  ⮢ 業,
      ᯨ뢠    ய樮- 쭮
     室 ਠ   業, ।- 
     ⮤ .  







                                                           11







          .   20 "᭮   ந⢮" -    室   
     ࠡ  த樨   (ࠡ,    )   堬    ᭮
     ந⢠
          .  23 "ᯮ⥫  ந⢠" -    室
          ࠡ     த樨      (ࠡ,     )      
     ᯮ⥫  ந⢠,  ⮬   ᫥     믮
     筮 - ᫥⥫᪨        ࠡ;     
     ᢮            ,    ⮢    -
     ਬ⠫  ࠧ殢  孮᪮  ᭠⪨.
          .  25  "饯ந⢥  室" -   室
        ᮤঠ      ᯫ   設      㤮,
     ந⢥  客     宧,     宧⢥   
     㣨  㦤.
          .   26 "宧⢥  室"   -    室
       宧⢥  㦤.
          .   28 "ࠪ     ந⢥"  -    室   
     ࠢ ந⢥  ࠪ.
          .  29 "㦨騥   ந⢠    宧⢠"  -
         室     ஬諥묨    宧⢠     (᪨
     ०,  ᮡ  ᥫ᪮  宧⢮   . .
          .   31 "室     ਮ"  -    室
            ୮⮢⥫       ࠡ;        ⮢
     ந⢠        ᥧ    ;    ᢮   
     ।⨩,    ந,     ⠭         ॣ⮢;
     ࠢ୮  ந    祭    ६     
     ।    ६    ᭮    ।    (᫨   
     ᮧ   ६   䮭),      ࠡ    믮﫨
     ६묨  堬.
           .    43  "᪨   室"   -      室,
     易       㯠   ⮢    த樨       
     ⠢騪    .

          㪠 ᥩ ᯮ騬 ⠬
       10, ᫨ 室 ਠ 業   12,
      ।      ᯫ.

              ⢫       祭       
     ⭮   ⮨           12,    13,    15    
     ୠ - थ  10    10/1.


                                                           22



         㦥 ⬥砫, ਠ   壠᪮ 
      ⭮  ࠦ   䠪᪮ ᥡ⮨.
        । 䠪᪮ ᥡ⮨ ਠ ᮢ,
     ᯨ뢠  ந⢮ ࠧ蠥 ந  
     ᫥ ⮤ 業 ᮢ:
         । ᥡ⮨;
         ᥡ⮨   ६ 㯮 (⮤ );
         ᥡ⮨ ᫥  ६ 㯮 (⮤ ).
     ਬ ᯨᠭ ਠ  ᫥  ⮤ ᠭ 
      1.  ᯮᮡ 業 ।,   祭
     ⭮  ਠ ᯨ뢠  । ᥡ-
     ,  ࠢ,   業,     
      ⭮ ᮮ⢥  ⪫ 䠪᪮
     ᥡ⮨ ਠ ᮢ  ⮨   
     業.  砥 ।⨨ ਠ  祭 
     ᯨ뢠  । 10   ந⢥ ⮢
      ⮢ 業, । ⮤ ,   
        ⭮ ᮮ⢥  .
            ᨬ        ਭ⮩    ⭮     ⨪,
     ।⨥      ⢫    E    ਠ
     業⥩     業       ᯮ짮   ⮢
     16    "⪫         ⮨   ਠ"         15
     "⮢      ਮ⥭   ਠ",  ⠪      
     F. ᭮ ⭮ ⨪, ᫥㥬 ।⨥
     ਬ  16 (. 15  ᯮ).
          ᫨     ⭮  ⨪   ।   ।ᬮ७
       ᯮ짮      15   "⮢     ਮ⥭
       ਠ"       16   "  ⪫        ⮨
       ਠ",          ਠ   業⥩
         ᫥騬  ࠧ.
             15   ।祭         ⮢   
       ਮ⥭  ਠ    業⥩,    ⭮    
       ।⢠      .      ⮣     ⭮
       㯭   ⮨   ਠ  業⥩,    
       㯨      㬥    ⠢騪      㣨
       室     ਮ⥭  ਠ     ।   ⮢
       "            ⠢騪            稪",
       "ᯮ⥫       ந⢠",       "       
       묨   栬"      .  .,      ᨬ    
       ⮣,   㤠   㯨    ਠ   業,    
       ࠪ     室          ⮢        ⠢
       ਠ  業⥩.
          ਠ   業,    䠪᪨   㯨訥    
       ࣠, ᯨ뢠       業    ।   15
           ⮢ 10, 12    㣨.
          㬬     ࠧ           ⮨      ਮ⥭
       ਠ   業⥩,    ᫥        䠪᪮


                                                           26


       ᥡ⮨  ਮ⥭     業,   ᯨ뢠
          15        16 "⪫     ⮨
       ਠ".
          ⮪       15           뢠
       稥  ਠ               뢥    
       ᪫  ⠢騪.
            ᫥㥬 ।⨨,  㦥 ⬥砫  15 
       ᯮ, ⮬  㯫  㬥⮢ 
       ⠢騪 ਠ 業 ࠧ ࠦ  
       10 . ..   10  ਠ 業 ࠦ
        ⮢  業 ਮ⥭.  ⪫,  
       ࠭ᯮ  ⮢⥫ 室, ࠦ  
       16.
              16            ⪫        ⮨
       ਠ   ।祭       ࠦ    ࠧ    
       ⮨   ਮ⥭    ਠ,    ᫥    
       䠪᪮  ᥡ⮨  ਮ⥭      業.
             ᯮ   ⮫쪮      ⮬  砥,  ᫨
           10    12          業.
                    "⪫        ⮨
       ਠ"  ࠧ      䠪᪮    ᥡ⮨
       ਮ⥭   ਠ   業⥩    ⮨   
         業  ᯨ뢠  ।  ⮣       
       থ    ந⢠        饭       㣨
       ⮢     ய樮쭮     ⮨     室
       ਠ  業⥩      業.  ⪫-
        ।      ࠧ묨   ⠬   থ
       ந⢠  饭  ᭮  ।
       ਠ.  壠ਨ  "ﭮ᪢"  ⢥
       ⮩  㦨  "室 ਠ  ࠢ
       " (ਫ. 10).
             祭       ।    ࠧ    
       䠪᪮ ᥡ⮨   室  ਠ   
         ⮨      業.    ᯨ뢠   
                 ,          뫨    ᯨᠭ
       ਠ            業(᭮  ந⢠,
       ᯮ⥫   ந      .).     ⮬,  ᫨
       䠪᪠  ᥡ⮨     ⭮   業,   ࠧ
              ᯨ뢠    ⥫쭮    壠᪮
       ஢,         ࠧ  -  ᯮᮡ    "᭮
       ୮",  ..  ⥫묨  ᫠.  砥
       ।⨨  ன ਠ ᯨᠭ  ᯮ, ..
       ਠ ࠦ   10  ⮢ 業 ਮ⥭
        ⫮ﬨ   ⮫쪮 , ..   "+",
        ᢨ⥫  ⮬, ,  ਭ樯, ࠭ ⮤
        ਠ ᮢ ᯮ    ,
         ⮤  뫮  뢠 ਠ 
        10  䠪᪮ ᥡ⮨  ᯮ짮 
       16.
          ⠢訥    ᪫   ਠ  業     ।
       㯭    ()  ᥡ⮨.
              ᯮ짮             ந⢥
       ᮢ  ⮢ 15    16  㪠  業    ࠦ
                   "ந⢥  "    
       "業    ந訢騥 ।"     
       業.
          ᬮਬ  ਬ ᯨᠭ ⪫  
       16  ந⢥ .  ⮣ ᯮ㥬
       ᫥騥    1996 :
          줮  砫    10        7 408 511 000
          室 ਠ   業,
                   ७ ६饭        1 068 760 386
          室  ਠ                    905 637 056
             ⮬ ᫥:
              201                                780 113 056
              202                                125 524 000
          줮    16 
                                                967 500

          ।塞 業 ⪫ :
          967 500 / (7 408 511 000 + 1 068 760 386) * 100 = 0.01%

          ⠢ ஢:
           201  16  780 113 056 * 0.01% = 78 011
           202  16  125 524 000 * 0.01% = 12 552

          ᪨                "⪫     
       ⮨      ਠ"                  㯯
       ਠ   業⥩       ਡ⥫쭮    
       ஢    ⪫.  砥 ।⨨ ⠪
       ᪮   ,   ਢ  ᪠-
        ᥡ⮨ ⭮ ᪠ த樨 (ࠡ,
       ), .. 䠪᪠ ᥡ⮬  ਠ
       業⥩   襭,  㣨 - .
         ᯥ䨪 ࠡ ᬠਢ ।,  
       ஫   㭪樮஢, 室   
       筮 । ⤥쭮 ⮫쪮 ᥡ⮨ ஢ 
       樮 ,  ᮤঠ  ᥡ ਠ
         ਡ⥫쭮 ࠢ ன , ஬ ⮣,
       ਠ  ⠢  ᠬ ⥫
         ᥡ⮨  .   뢠, 
       饭    "⪫  ⮨ ਠ"
        ਢ  ⢥ 訡   砥.


         ᭮     ࠢ     襭      䥪⨢
      ᯮ짮 ந⢥  ᮢ     ७
      ᡥॣ,    室              室
      孮.
         樮쭮  ᯮ짮  ᮢ     ⠪   
       ᡮ      ᯮ짮   室     ᭮
        業.
                  ᫮    樮쭮     ᯮ짮
      ந⢥ ᮢ    ନ஢   ᪫᪨
      ᮢ    ਠ .
           ମ  ந⢥       ।
        祭                    ਠ,
      ਭ   室騩         㥬
      .      ଠ            ।筮
      ॡ      ਠ.
         ࣠樨     ६       ᮡ    
      ந⢥   ᮢ             ਠ,
      ᪮          襪   ਢ           
      稢      ।,    ⮪   
      ਢ      ந⢥  .
           ஫     ﭨ  ந⢥   ᮢ
       祭     ࠢ쭠  ࣠   ᪫᪮
          ந⢥    ᮢ.    騪     易
      ᢮६     ନ஢   㦡     ᭠      
      ⪫     䠪᪮     ⪠     ਠ    
      ⠭  ,     ⠪     ⪠    ਠ,
      ⥫쭮  ६  室    .
         ࠡ⪠       ७    ணᨢ   孨   -
      ᪨           ଠ⨢        ਠ
      ⠬  ᮤ    ⮫쪮   襭   䥪⨢
      ᯮ짮         ਠ   ᮢ,            
      ᮢ襭⢮    ஢,              -
      ஢    ᥡ⮨    த樨    (ࠡ,    ).
      ⮬   壠    ਧ   ﭭ    ⢫
      ஫      ⢮        ଠ⨢,   ਭ
          ᬮ       ⮬    孮   
          ࣠樨  㤠    ந⢠.
         ᯮ짮             ।    ०
      ᥣ      ஢      ᪠      ਠ       
      ந⢮.


                                                           32





w1P



                                                                          1.

              E 10 "ਠ"    , ਬ塞  

                             "ﭮ᪢"F

     ------T-----------------------T----------------------------------------------
                                   祭                       
     +-----+-----------------------+----------------------------------------------+
                                                                               
      10  1. ᭮ ਠ         ਠ- 
                                                                               
                                   業⥩, ਭ ।,    
                                                                               
                                  ᪫    .               
                                                                               
      10  2.              ਮ⠥   
                                                                               
                                   ⥩ ( ᭮,  ࠭-  
                                                                               
                                   ।  ᨫ 設).            
                                                                               
      10  3.                        ᬠ 
                                                                               
                                  ਠ (, ᥫ, ᬠ, ᮫   
                                                                               
                                    .)                                      
     L-----+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------------





        ஬諥 ﭭ 㢥稢 ॡ 
     ਠ 業⥩    ந⢥.   ᫠
     ७  ந⢠,  ⥫  㤥  ᮬ
     ਠ      ᥡ⮨ த樨      ⮬
     業     .     ਬ, 㤥     㪠
          ᥡ⮨   த樨      娬᪮  
     ஬諥 ⨣  90%.
              १      ᪠             ᫮
     뭮筮   E㠫쭮F   ⠭   ⥬      
     ஫   室  ਠ   ᮢ      ந⢮
     த樨 (ࠡ, ).
           砥  ।⨨  㤥    ਠ
         ᥡ⮨  ஢    ⠢
     ਬ୮  10%.  ᬮ      稭  
     ⥫  ᬠਢ  ⥬       -
     ⥯    ।.    饥  ६    ᫮
     뭮筮    ।饥  祭  ਮ⠥
     ⢥  ⥫, ⠪    ᭨  㤥 
     ,  ਠ    ⮯.  ਬ,  ᭮
     㤥    㢥祭    娬⮢  (嫮,  -
         .)    1 .   ࠡ뢠    
     ⭮      ࠢ    ଠ⨢묨  ⥫ﬨ,
     ᫨, 筮,      易    ᠭ୮ - -
     ᪨  楫ﬨ.  ⮬  室  ᨬ쭮  ࠭
         樮  室  ਠ  業⥩,
     ,    ⭮,        䥪⨢
     ࣠樨      ஫  ᯮ짮  ਠ.
          壠᪮      ᮤঠ  ଠ
       ᪠  १ࢮ  ᭨  ᥡ⮨  த樨
         樮쭮  ᯮ짮  ਠ,  ᭨
       室,  ᯥ祭  饣  ࠭  ਠ
       ࠭.
        襭  ᡥ०   ᯮᮡ    㯮冷祭
     ࢨ筮   㬥樨,     ப   ७      ⨯
     㭨஢   , 襭   ஢    堭樨    
     ⮬⨧樨   ⭮   - ᫨⥫ ࠡ,   ᯥ祭
     ண  浪   ਥ, ࠭     室   ,
     ਠ, 䠡ਪ⮢,    ,   ⮯
          .,  ࠭祭     ᫠     ,  
     ࠢ     㬥⮢     뤠 ᮡ     
     ண    ਠ.      ᯥ祭   ࠭
     ந⢥  ᮢ,  ࠢ쭮   ਥ, ࠭   
     ᪠    業⥩     祭      稥   
     ।⨨    筮  ⢥ ᪫᪨   饭,
     ᭠饭     ᮢ묨        ⥫묨      ਡࠬ,


                                                           4


     ୮ ன     㣨 ᯮᮡﬨ.  室  ⠪
     ७ 䥪⨢     ।⥫쭮       ⥪饣
     ஫         ᮡ            ᮢ        
     室  ਠ ᮢ.
          裡    ⨬  ᭮묨  E砬  ᫥F  
       ।⨨  ᯮ짮  ਠ  ᮢ
     :
        - ࠢ쭮     ᢮६  㬥⠫쭮   ࠦ
           権      ⮢,   㯫    
          ਠ;
        -       ࠦ   ,  易       
          ⮢;
        -    ᯨᠭ  ⪫    ࠢ  ;
        - ஫    ࠭  ਠ  業⥩  
                ࠭               ⠤
          ;
        - ﭭ ஫    ᮡ  ⠭  
          ந⢥  ᮢ;
        - ⥬᪨ ஫    ᯮ짮  ਠ
             ந⢥         ᭮       
          室;
        - ஫    孮᪨  室    ﬨ   
          ᯮ짮;
        - ᢮६  祭  筮  ଠ樨    稭
              室  ਠ  ᮢ  
          ࠢ    ⠭묨  ⠬;
        - ⥬᪨  ஫      譨  
          ᯮ짮  ਠ,    ॠ.
       ⮤  ࣠樨  壠᪮    ਠ
    ᮢ  ।  E롮      ᪮쪨  ⮤F
          業,    䨪    ⭮  ⨪
    ।.    ।  䠪᪮  ᥡ⮨
    ਠ  ᮢ,  ᯨ뢠   ந⢮, ࠧ蠥
    ந      ᫥  ⮤  業  ᮢ:  
    ।  ᥡ⮨,    ᥡ⮨      ६
    㯮  (),    ᥡ⮨  ᫥    ६
    㯮  ().    砥  ।⨨  ᯮ ⮤
    .
       ஬ ⮣, ਠ   10 "ਠ"  뢠
        䠪᪮  ᥡ⮨    ਮ⥭ (⮢),
          業.      ਠ    
    業  (  ᥡ⮨  ਮ⥭,  ।  㯭
    業    .)  ࠧ    ⮨  業⥩    ⨬
    業     䠪᪮  ᥡ⮨  ਮ⥭  業⥩
    ࠦ      16  "⪫    ⮨  ਠ".
    ⭠  ⨪   "ﭮ᪢"  ।  ᯮ-
        業      16.
       ࣠樨    ࠢ ᠬ⥫쭮  롨  ᯮᮡ
    䨪樨  ਠ  ᮢ.  䨪    
        ⥬⨧஢  騥    ᪫  ࠧ-
      ਠ, । ஫   ࠢ쭮  
    壠᪮ , ᯮᮡ⢮  筮 ।
    ⪫    ⮨  ਠ 業⥩  ࠢ
    .
         ⠪  롮 ⮤      ᪫,    
    ᯥ  ⨢    ⮢୮  ⢥ 


                                                           5

      ᪫,  ⥬᪨  ஫    ࠢ쭮  㬥-
    ஢  権      ਠ   ᮮ⢥⢨
    ⪮  ਠ      ᪫᪮      ⪠
    ਠ      壠᪮  .
       E        ᮢ    ࠡF       祭
      ਠ   ᮢ,  㬥⠫쭮 ଫ
    ᪠  ਠ      ந⢥      宧⢥
    㦤,   ࣠樨  ⨢     壠᪮    
    室    ਠ   業⥩       ஫        
    ᯮ짮   ந⢥    砥  ।⨨.
    ஡ 祭  ⮩  ⥬     
    ⮤  業,      ஫  ਠ  ᮢ,
    ᯮ㥬  ࣠樥,    ⠪  ।    -
    襭  ᯮ짮  ਠ    ࠬ    ᯮᮡ
      壠᪮    ਠ  ᮢ,  䨪-
    ஢    ଠ⨢      壠᪮  .
       ࣠樨  壠᪮    ਠ  業⥩
    㤥  ᬠਢ    ਬ  E  "ﭮ᪢"F.
    㭨樯쭮 ।⨥ ஢  樮
    宧⢠ "ﭮ᪢"    ३ 
    . ﭮ᪥. ।⨥ ᭮   諮 , 
     ᪥  ஥   - 1861 . ६
    ⥬ ஢ - 樮  宧⢠ ।⠢
    ᮡ ᫮  ࠧࠧ ᮮ㦥, ᯥ稢
    ,    ॡ⥫   ॡ㥬 ⢥
     饣 ⢠,  ⠪ ࠭ᯮ஢  , 
        .
       ஬ ⮣ ।⨥ ⢫:
       - ஫  ⢮ 뢠 筮 ,
       - 孨 ᯫ ⥬᭠  ⢥,
         ᯥ稢 ᯥॡ   ࠡ  ᮮ㦥
          ⮬ ॡ ࠭   樮쭮 ᯮ-
           ᮢ.
        饥 ६ ।ᯨ筠 ᫥ ࠡ
    ⠢ 浪 2700 祫.
       㪮⢮  㭨樯쭮 ।  ᯥ祭 ଠ-
     ࠡ ப ᯮ ᮢ६ ⮤ ࠢ. 
    壠ਨ, ᪮ ⤥, ⤥ ஢  -
    ⨧஢.
        ⮣ ࠡ 1996  ⥫  ᭮ 
    , 뢠 ࣠樥 ⠢:
           E F
       - 室, . .              118 658 496,4
       - 室, . .              93 112 023
       - ਡ                         25 526 473,4
       - ७⠡쭮,%                        27,4
           E F
       - 室, . .               59 059 517
       - 室, . .              70 564 712
       - ⮪                          11 505 195

       ᫥    筮 樮
    ᮮ㦥,  ⭮  ਢ  㢥祭 䮢.
        饥 ६ ।⨥  㪮  ४
    㭮 . .,   壠 쪨 . .
         ਠ  業⥩  ࣠  ࠡ⭨
    ਠ쭮  ⤥  ࠫ  壠ਨ  
    "ﭮ᪢".


 3F
         ஬諥  ﭭ  㢥稢 ॡ ⮢-
      業⥩    ந⢥.  ᫠-
      ७  ந⢠,   ⥫  㤥   ᮬ
    ਠ    ᥡ⮨  த樨   ⮬ 業  
    .    ਬ,  㤥    ਠ   -
    ⮨  த樨        娬᪮   ஬諥 -
    90%.    ࠧ   設⢥ ᫥ ஬諥 -
    ਠ  ⠢ -
    訩  㤥        ᥡ⮨  த樨, ⨬
    ।  室  ᮡ 筮   ண -
    ஫   樮 ᯮ짮     ਠ   -
    ⢥,  ᪮     ⢥
    ᭨  ᥡ⮨  த樨  (ࠡ,  ),      
    蠥 砥 ਡ   ந⢠  ॠ樨.
         ᫮ 뭮筮 ७樨 
    E㠫쭮F ⠭ -
        䥪⨢  ᯮ짮  ਠ ᮢ,
        業 १ 室 ਠ      
    ந⢥    宧⢥  㦤    ,  
     ।  १
      ꥬ  ந⢠  த樨  (ࠡ,   )   
    襭 ᯮ짮 ਠ ᮢ.
         宧⢥   ⥫쭮  ।   
    䥪⨢    ⮢७  ⮫쪮   ᫮ ⪮ ࣠-
    樨  壠᪮      ஫ ᯮ짮 ਠ-
        ந⢥ .  ⮬
    ⠥  祭  ନ஢      ⮢୮  -
      ଠ樨    稥,     業 ந⢥
    ᮢ      ।⨨   (࣠樨),   ⪮  ࣠樨
    宧⢥  ஫      ࠭   ᯮ짮-



        ந⢥
          ࠡ    祭  饩 ࠪ-
    ⨪ ⨢  壠᪮  , ஫      
    䥪⨢ ᯮ짮 ਠ쭢 ᮢ ,  ⠪ -
     ⥩  ᮢ襭᢮.                                
       ꥪ⮬  ᫥     "-
    ᪢".  㭨樯쭮   ।⨥  ஢   
    樮  宧⢠ ᭮   1862
    .,      ᪥    ஥   . -
      ⥬  ஢  -  樮 宧⢠ -
    ⠢  ᮡ  ᫮     ࠧࠧ   ᮮ㦥,
    ᯥ稢  ,        ॡ⥫    
    ॡ㥬  ⢥    饣  ⢠,  ⠪ ࠭ᯮ-
    ஢  ,      .
         1996  .  ꥬ  믮  ࠡ ⠢ 177 698.0 .
    .,      ᥡ⮨  163  676.7  .  ., -
        -  74  380.0  . .,  ਠ-
    41.9 .
       ।ᯨ筠  ᫥  ࠡ  ⠢   浪
    2700 祫.
       ⭮  ⨪    "ﭮ᪢", ਭ⮩    
    ।⨨  ᮮ⢥⢨  ਪ  N145  30  1995 
    ।                                                       
       -  壠᪨      ।⨨  ࣠   -
    ॠ쭮 -  थ୮ ଥ     ਬ ;
       -        ந⢮  ⢫  ⫮
    ⮤;
       - ਠ  業 뢠     10 "ਠ"
       12 "業  ந訢騥 ।"   -
     業  ਮ⥭, ࠧ   䠪᪮  ᥡ⮨-
      ਮ⥭  ਠ  ᮢ    ⭮   (⮢)



    ⮨  ࠦ    16 "-
      ⮨ ਠ";
       -  ਠ,  ᯨ뢠  -
    ⢮,  業       ।  ᥡ⮨,
    㤨᪠ ஢ઠ  १⠬ ஢ન ந⢥ -
    宧⢥ ⥫쭮  1996.   "ﭮ᪢"
     ஢.
         ᫥       "ﭮ᪢"  ᤥ
      襭      ᥬ  ࠢ ⭮ , 
    ⮬ ᫥   ࣠樨   
    , ਬ:
    - 壠᪨    ਠ  業⥩  ⮬-
      ⨧஢    ⢫  ਬ ࠧࠡ⠭ ᯥ-  
      樠쭮  । ண. ᯥ祭,  ᫥⢨ 祣   
      ᨫ -
      ୮  ଠ樨        ⪠ ਠ -
      ᮢ, ਭ ।.
       ᫥  饩  ࠪ⨪     ஫ ᯮ-
     ਠ   ந⢮    "ﭮ᪢" 
    1996  .    ⠭,      ஫  
    ᭮   ᮮ⢥⢨   ﬨ   壠᪮   
    ⭮      ਭ⮩  ।⨨
    ⭮ ⨪.
        ਠ   ந⢥   宧⢥  㦤
    ଫ   "ॡﬨ" , "묨"  -
    ७  ६饭  ਠ  , "묨  
    ਠ    ஭"   "ࠢ묨 ﬨ" 
         ᫥㥬  ।⨨  訩   ਠ ࣠-
       ஢ ⮤  ᪮   -
    ,   ᮥ ணᨢ  ᠫ줮   ⮢-
     ⢥ - 㬬.   ⮬  ⮤ 壠




        ਠ   ⮫쪮   ,    -
    ࠫ쭮  ࠦ,    ⥫쭮  砥  訡
     宦   묨  壠᪮   ᪫᪮ .
         ਠ  業⥩  ࠦ     10  
    "ਠ",  12 "業 ந訢騥
    ।⢠" c  ਬ   16 "⪫   ⮨ -
    ".
       ਠ, ᯨ뢠   ந⢮,  業   ।-
      ᥡ⮨.    ⮬    ⥪饬   ।⨥ -
       業,   ⢥   㦠 ⮢  業
    ८⥭.    ।
    ⪫ 䠪᪮  ᥡ⮨ ਠ     ⮨-
          業  ⮬⨧஢  ᮭ -
       ந室    . ,  ᮣ᭮  ⠭-
     業 ⪫,   ᮮ⢥騥      ࠢ-
     室  ਠ ᯨ뢠  । ணࠬ-
     ᯮᮡ ⪫.
        楫  ࣠    ஫  ᯮ짮 ਠ-
        ந⢮     "ﭮ᪢"  ᮮ⢥
    ॡ  ᮤঠ騬   ଠ⨢  㬥   -
    ਠ,  ,    室  ᫥ 뫨  ᫥騥
    ⪨:
      1) ᮣ᭮  ⭮ ⨪   "ﭮ᪢"  -
             ࠦ      10  "ਠ"   
           業,  ਬ  ⠪    16  "⪫ 
         ⮨  ਠ",   ᮣ᭮  ଠ⨢   㬥⠬
             砥    ᯮ짮     15 "-
         ⮢    ਮ⥭  ਠ",      ࠪ⨪ 
           ਬ,    ᢨ⥫    襭  ଠ-
         ⨢  ࠢ    壠᪮    
         ;



      2) 筮  䥪⨢  ࣠  ஫    樮-
           ᯮ짮  ਠ  業⥩     ந-
         ⢥,  .  .    ࠪ⨪  ਬ ⮫쪮 -
           ⮤    ஫    ᯮ짮  ந⢥
         娬᪨  ॠ⮢    ⮤  ஢  ᪠ -
         ,  ᫥⢨  祣   ᮧ  ᫮     樮-
         쭮    楫  ᯮ짮  ਠ     -
         筮 ;
      4)     10  "ਠ"    ⮫쪮  3  , 
           ⠡.1 :  
         1"᭮  ਠ",  2  "  ",  3  "", -
           㯭  㯯஢  
           䥪⨢,  ᪮      1 "᭮ -
         ਠ"  뢠  ࠧ    ஫     ந-
         ⢠  ਠ.
      6) ࠡ稥         ᭠饭 -
         ࠬ,    ⥫쭮  ᫮  ࠡ   蠥 -
         ⭮    訡    -
           ࢨ  㬥⮢,    ⠪  宦  묨
         壠᪮ .
        楫  ᮢ襭⢮    ஫  室 ਠ-
        ந⢮     "ﭮ᪢" ।⠢
    楫ᮮࠧ ।:
      1) 뢠,      ⢥   業 ਬ ⮢
         業,    , ⪫ﬨ     ⮫쪮 ࠭-
         ᯮ⭮  -  ⮢⥫  室,   ⠪ 뢠, 
          15  "⮢   ਮ⥭ ਠ"   ࠪ-
         ⨪   ᯮ, ⮬ -
         ᮮࠧ  ।  ⪠   ᯮ짮 
         16 "⪫  ⮨  ਠ"     
           10  "",    ஬    ࠦ 㪠



            ⪫. 
      2)  楫   ᮢ襭⢮ ⥬   ⪫  
          ଠ⨢  室
         ਠ ,  䨪஢
           室      ᪠   業  ண
         ਠ  業⥩,  ⮡        ⠪
         ࢨ  㬥,    ⭮  -   , 
             ᢥ嫨   ਠ   .  .  -
         , 室  ப ७  ୮ -
         ⮤  ⪫  ( ⮫쪮   娬᪨ ॠ-
         ⮢). 
      3)   ४  ࠧࠡ    ⠫ 㯯-
         ஢  ਠ,  ᯮ㥬  ।⢥  
         ।⨨          10 "ਠ" ᮮ⢥-
         騥  ,  ਬ,    ⤥  㯯  
         뤥  娬᪨  ॠ,
      5)    쭥襬    "ﭮ᪢"  । -
         १஢  ᪫᪮  ,     ᯥ⨢   
         ᪮७
         㬥⮮    祭   ⨢  ଠ樨   
           ਠ  業⥩,  楫ᮮࠧ  ᮥ
          ࠢ   "ﭮ᪢"     -
            樮 .
       ஢    䥪⨢  ᯮ짮 ਠ
    ᮢ ⠭,   ந⢮    "ﭮ᪢"
     1995 -  1996    ਠ, ⠪   ਠ
        饬  ⠢      ந⢮  ॠ
    த樨 (ࠡ,  )  訩 㤥   -
    ⠢ ᮮ⢥⢥ 47.6%  45.4%,    .1. 襭 
    ᮫⭮ 㬬
    ਠ   1996  .  ࠢ  1995 .  



    4.4%   ६ ᭨     饩
    㬬   ந⢮  ॠ த樨 (ࠡ,)
     2.2 業 㭪 ᢨ⥫  ᭨  ਠ-
      ந⢠,   ⥫ ⮬  宧-
    ⢥ ⥫쭮 㥬 ।.
       ஢   ,    1996  . 䠪᪨ -
    ਠ    뫨       7.2%,  䠪᪨
    ꥬ  ந  ࠡ  㬥訫    ࠢ    
    ⮫쪮    5.0%.    ᮮ⭮襭    ⥫
    ᫮ ᭨  饩 ਠ  믮 ࠡ  
    43.0      41.9 . 䠪᪨,  ਢ   ᭨-
     ਠ     1 954.7  . .     -
    ⥫쭮 믮 ࠡ  4  545.8 . .
       -
     ᢨ⥫   筮  䥪⨢ ᯮ짮  -
    ਠ  ᮢ  1996 .
         稭   饩 ਠ  믮-
     ࠡ    "ﭮ᪢"  1996 .  ஢ -
        ⥫  ਠ,    ⠡.2,  
     , 
    䥪⨢ ᯮ짮   믮  ࠡ 娬᪨  ॠ-
    , 㯭     䠡ਪ, ⥯ࣨ   -
    ࣨ,    裡    祬  ਠ  㬥訫 
    5  508.7  .  .,      ⥫쭮 믮-
     ࠡ   㬬  12 810.9  . .  䥪⨢ ᯮ짮-
     ६  ਠ, ਬ塞   ஢  ६-
     ஢  樮 ᮮ㦥, ⠪ 稥 
    ਠ,    ᫥⢨  祣  ਠ  㢥稫
     3 554.6 .  .,  㬥訫   ꥬ 믮
    ࠡ  8  265.1 . .  ,  "ﭮ᪢"  -
    室  ४,  த  ᭨    ਠ-



     믮  ࠡ   襭   ⢠, ਭ -
        ।饭  室    ࠢ    -
       ਠ  ᮢ.
       ஢    䥪⨢  ᯮ짮 ਠ
    ᮢ ⠭,    ⠡.3,     樨  
     १ࢮ
     "ﭮ᪢"  ᬮ ᭨  ਠ ,  
    ᫥⥫쭮,    ᥡ⮨  믮  ࠡ    3 554.0
    .  .    㬬  १ࢠ   ꥬ 믮 ࠡ
        襭  ᯮ짮  ਠ  ᮢ -
     8  265.1 .  .   4.7%   䠪᪮   ꥬ 
    1996 .

       ७  饩 ࠪ⨪   ஫ ...





