                                - 45 -

                2.     .

          2.1. 騥 ਭ樯 ࠢ ᫮묨 ⥬.

      । ண ꥪ  ⥬ । -
稥 ᫥ ਧ:
     1. ꥪ (⥬),  饣   ⢠  ⮢    
᢮,   ᬠਢ   楫  -
     ᢮⢠;
     2. ᫥⥫,  믮饣    楫ࠢ ⥫-
 (᫥⥫,  ஥, ࣠樮  .);
     3. ,  窨 ७ 襭 ன ᫥⥫ ।-
  ꥪ  ⥬;
     4. 몠,  ஬ ᫥⥫   ꥪ, ᢮⢠
 ⮢  裡.
      楫ࠢ , ந室騩   ᫮ -
⥬, ।⠢ ᮡ ࣠ ᮢ㯭 権, 
᫮   ࠧ   㯯:  ࠡ稥 樨  樨 -
ࠢ.
     稥 樨 -  ⢨,  室 ।⢥ 
믮   ᮮ⢥⢨  த  , ।-
 室 . ਬ,  ࠡ⪨ ⠫  ⮪୮ ⠭
⮨  ⠪ ࠡ 権,  ९ ⠫,  १-
, ⨥ 㦪  .
      ⨦ 楫  ࠡ稥 樨  ࠢ
 ࣠뢠 ﬨ ࠢ. 㯭 権 ࠢ-
 ࠧ  ࠢ.
     ⥬,  ன ⢫  ࠢ,  뢠
⥬ ࠢ.   ୮ ᯥ   ⥬  ࠢ
  ।⠢  易  ᮢ㯭  ꥪ ࠢ
(ࠢ塞 ⥬)  ࠢ饣 ࣠ (ࠢ饩  -
). 饭  ⥬ ࠢ ਢ   㭪  7.

                                           楫 ࠢ
                               
                               
                 Ŀ
                             \/                  
                          Ŀ         
                  X(t)     ࠢ騩 <Ŀ
                   >  ࣠      Ŀ      
                                       
                                           U(t)       
                         Ŀ              
                         ꥪ ࠢ-<ٳ      
                   Ĵ        <
                                   騥
                 ٢⢨
     . 7.  饭  ⥬ ࠢ, : X(t) - -
     ଠ  ﭨ ⥬; U(t) - ࠢ饥 ⢨.

..      ࠢ   楫ࠢ ᮬ,
  ⭠ 楫 ࠢ.  ,  ࠢ饬 -
   ⭠ 楫 ࠢ,  .. ଠ, ᯮ
  ।  ﭨ ꥪ ࠢ. ࠢ-
騩 ࣠   ꥪ ࠢ ⠪,  ⮡  -
 ᮮ⢥⢮ .
     ꥪ ࠢ ।⠢ ᮡ  ⥬, .. -

                                - 46 -

  ᪮ ⢨  㦠饩 ।. ﭨ -
 ।  ஫㥬 ࠪ  ࠦ  砩 -
  ﭨ. ⢨ 㦠饩 ।  ꥪ ࠢ-
 뢠 騬 ⢨.
      ଠ쭮 ᠭ  ࠢ   -
.  ।,   㯭 ଠ  ꥪ ࠢ
ᮤন  n 㭪  ६ X4i0(t),  i=1,2...n. 㤥 ᬠ-
  ६ X4i0   ୮ ୮ 㭪樨 X(t),
뢠 ஬ ﭨ ꥪ ࠢ.  ⥬ ࠢ
  ६  ஫㥬묨 室묨 ६묨 ꥪ
ࠢ  ६  室묨  ६묨  ࠢ饣  ࣠
(. . 7).
     ﭨ ꥪ ࠢ   ⢨ -
 䠪஢ F(t)={f410(t),f420(t),....,f4k0(t)},  뢠 ஬ -
饭,   楫ࠢ ﭨ ࠢ饣 ࣠, 뢠
஬ ࠢ U(t)={u410(t),u420(t),...,u4m0(t)}.  ⥬ ࠢ
६ u4j0(t)  室묨 ६묨  ꥪ  ࠢ  
६ 室묨 ࠢ饣 ࣠.
        ६ t ﭨ ꥪ ࠢ X(t)  -
 㭪樥 ஢ U(t), F(t),  ⠪ 砫쭮 ﭨ X4o0(t),
.. X(t)=X{U(t),F(t),X4o0(t)} (7).
     ࠢ (7)  ⥬᪠  ꥪ ࠢ, -
뢠   㭪樮஢,  ஬ ⢥ 塞
楫ࠢ  䠪஬   ࠢ U(t).   -
ࠢ 㫨 ᫥騬 ࠧ:   ⠪  ࠢ-
   ﭨ,   ᯥ稢 ⨦ 楫 ࠢ-
.   ࠢ    ࠧ  㫨஢,    
設⢥ 砥   ଠ쭮 । 祭 J5*0 -
ண 㭪樮 J,   뢠 ਥ ࠢ  楫
㭪樥: J= J{ X(t),F(t),U(t)} (8).
      ॠ ꥪ ࠢ  ﭨ   ࠢ-
     室    ।  筮    祭:
U(t)A(t),  X(t)B(t) (9).      -    ᮮ⢥-
⢥ ୮ ࠭⢠ ࠢ  ﭨ.
     襭  砥  ⮬, ⮡  ⠪ 祭 -
஢ ﭨ X5*0(t)  ࠢ U5*0(t),    믮 -
 J{X5*0(t),F(t),U5*0(t),X4o0(t)}=J5*0 (10)  ६ 㤮⢮
࠭祭 (9).
     ᫨  ࠢ ⠢ ᪮쪮 -㣮,  ⮣ 
ਬ  ᫥騩 :    ॠ 㭪樮 ᨬ
U5*0(t)=U{X(t),F(t)} (11), ᯥ稢 襥 ਡ  -
 祭  ࠢ.  ࠦ (11) 뢠 -
 ࠢ.  । ணࠬ ࠢ 砥   -
⪥  ࠥਨ   ⥬ X5*0(t)  ࠭⢥ ࠬ஢ 
ﭨ.
     ஫ ⮨  ७ 祭 ⮢  -
  X(t)    Z(t)  ।  訡 e(t)
 稨  ⢨ F(t).
     ନ஢ ࠢ饣 ⢨ (ਭ⨥ 襭) -
  । 祭 ࠢ塞 ६,  ਢ ꥪ
ࠢ   ﭨ.
     㭪樮쭠 奬  ⥬  ࠢ  ਢ   .  8.
㭪樮쭠 奬 ⥬ ॣ㫨஢ ⫨砥    ਢ
 ⥬,   ணࠬ.  ﭨ ꥪ -
   ,  祬  ,  뢠 筮 騬 -
⢨.

                2.2. 䨪 ⥬ ࠢ.

                                - 47 -


     ᬮਬ 䨪 ⥬ ࠢ   ᫥騬  ਧ-
:

Ŀ  ĿX5*0(t) Ŀ     Ŀ
楫 ࠢ>ணࠬ-      ன⢮ e(t) ன⢮  
     > ࠢ >।-
                              ࠢ.- 
                                  Z(t)  /\          ⢨    
                                    Ŀ      
                                     稪       U (t) 
                                               
                                 X^(t)                  \/
                              Ŀ        Ŀ
                 F(t) > ꥪ      <Ĵᯮ⥫-
                              ࠢ     U^(t)   ࣠  
                                      
     . 8. 㭪樮쭠 奬 ⥬ ࠢ

     - ⥯ ⮬⨧樨 㭪権 ࠢ;
     - ⥯ ᫮;
     - ⥯ ।.
      ᨬ  ⥯ ⮬⨧樨 㭪権 ࠢ  ࠧ-
 筮,  ⮬⨧஢  ⮬᪮ ࠢ.  -
 ࠢ  㭪樨 ࠢ  믮  祫--
஬.  ⮬⨧஢ 뢠  ࠢ,   ஬ 
㭪権 믮 祫,   㣠  - ⮬᪨  -
ன⢠.  ⮬᪮ ࠢ  㭪樨 믮 -
᪨ ன⢠. ⢥⢥ ⥬ ࠢ 뢠
⮬⨧஢묨  ⮬᪨.
      ⥯ ᫮ ⥬ ࠢ      ᫮-
.  ண ।, 饣 ࠧ  ,  -
.  ⨢ ।⠢  ᫮ ⥬   ,
ᬮॢ  ᢮⢠  ⥬,     讣 ᫠ ⮢.
 ⥬ ᮮ⢥ ᫮ ࣠ ࠢ.  ᮢ-
 ᫮ ࠢ饣 ࣠  ᫮ ꥪ ࠢ -
 ᫮ ⥬ ࠢ.  ⥬ ࠢ  ᫥-
騥 ᮡ:
     1. ᫮ ࠬ஢, 묨 뢠 ᫮ ⥬, 쬠
.     ࠬ஢   ⢥ -
  ७.
     2.   ࠢ   ଠ쭮 ᠭ  -
 饭.   ࠢ  㭪ﬨ ६. ⥬
   ⥬,      ᮡ⢥ 楫
ࠢ.    ࠢ  ᮣᮢ뢠 楫 ⥬ 
饩 楫 ⥬,  ,   ࠢ,   ᫮ 祩.
     3. 㤭      ண  ଠ쭮  ᠭ
᫮ ⥬ ࠢ.   ࠢ,  ஢ ⠪ -
⥬ ᭮ 祩   ࠧ㬭 饭.
      ⥯  । ⥬ ࠢ 筮 ࠧ 
ନ஢  ⭮ (᪨).  ନ஢
⥬ 뢠 ⥬,  ன   ।饬 ﭨ  -
ன ⥫쭮 ଠ樨    訡筮  ।᪠  
᫥饥  ﭨ.   ⭮⭮ ⥬  ᭮ ।饣
ﭨ  ⥫쭮 ଠ樨  ।᪠    ।
⭮   ᫥.
      ⥬    ᫮,  ନ஢  -
⭮  쬠  ᫮.      ନ஢ ⥬

                                - 48 -

 ⭥ ⮯.  ਬ஬ ᫮  ନ஢  ⥬
  .  ⮩  ⭮⭮  ⥬   ⥬
᪮ ஫ ⢠ த樨 ।    
᪮쪨 ࠬࠬ,  ।ᬠਢ 롮 ஢ -
 ࠬ஢  । ਮ筮.  ⭮⭮
⥬   ந⢥ ।⨥,  㯭 ந⥫쭠
࣠  ..

        2.3. ࠪ⨪ ⥬ ࠢ 孮᪨
                             ᠬ.

     易 ᮢ㯭 㤮,  ஬ 믮
孮᪨ ,   孮᪮ ⥬. ।⠢
孮 ⥬   ୮ ꥪ, 뢠 -
 㯯 ६.   㯯 ६  稬  ஬
W(t),  ⠢騥  ண W410(t),W420(t),...,W4m0(t) ।⠢ ᮡ
ࠬ,  ࠪਧ騥 ᢮⢠  ⢮  室  த⮢.
 㯯 ६ V(t)={V410(t),V420(t),...,V4n0(t)} ।⠢ -
 ࠬ, ࠪਧ騥 ᢮⢠  ⢮ 室 த-
.   㯯 ⠢  ࠬ஢,  ࠪਧ  ᫮
⥪  孮᪮  Z(t)={Z410(t),Z420(t),...,Z4l0(t)}.  
饬 砥 ﭨ 孮᪮ ⥬  ࠪਧ  ᥬ
襯ਢ묨 ६묨.
     , ࠧ୮ ஢  ॠ ᫮ 쬠   
ॢ蠥    ࠢ饣 ࣠.  ஬ ⮣,   ࠪ⨪
 ६   ॡ , ..   ⢥ 
窨 ७ 楫 ࠢ,    - 孨-
 ᫮⥩.
     ⮬ ⮫쪮  ⠢ ஢ ᯮ   ନ-
஢   ﭨ X(t).  ६  ﭨ ᫮
ࠧ쥬   㯯.   㯯 稬  ६, 
  楫ࠢ    ࠢ.    -
ࠢ塞묨 ६묨.   ⢥ ࠢ塞 ६ 롨 
⠢騥, 楫ࠢ   孨᪨  
⢥   ⥫ 楫 ࠢ.  㯯 -
  ६,     ᯮ  ନ஢
ࠢ饣 ⢨,     楫ࠢ   
ࠢ   孮᪨ ᮬ.  ६,   
諨    㯯,  㤥 ᬠਢ    ஫㥬
騥 ⢨.  ⮬ 孮 ⥬  ।-
⠢ 奬, ਢ  . 9.

                  Ŀ
       U(t)>     (.)     >X(t)
       F(t)>
     . 9. 奬 孮᪮ ⥬.

      U(t) -  ࠢ,  F(t) -  饭, X(t) -
 ﭨ, .. 孮 ⥬  ᬠਢ 
८ࠧ⥫ 室 㭪権. ⮬ X(t)=(U(t),F(t)) (12),  
-  ८ࠧ.  ࠦ  ଠ ᠭ
孮᪮ ⥬, ..  .
     । 孮᪨   楫ࠢ ᬥ -
ﭨ X(t)={X410(t),X420(t),...,X4k0(t)},    ࠬࠬ -
᪮ .   ࠢ  孮᪨  ᮬ
 㫨஢ ᫥騬 ࠧ:  ⠪ ﭨ 孮-
᪮  X5*0(t) (孮᪨ ०)   ⠪  ࠢ饥
⢨  U5*0(t),   㤮⢮  楫 ࠢ,  ⠪ 

                                - 49 -

࠭祭  (9).

         2.4. 孨-᪠ 䥪⨢  楫
                           㭪 ⥬.

        ᭮ ਥ ࠢ (楫 㭪樥 ⥬
ࠢ) J (.  ࠦ (8)),  孨-᪠ -
䥪⨢  㭪樮஢ ⥬.  孮᪨ ⥫ -
䥪⨢ ࠦ ᫥騥 ஭ 㭪樮஢ :
     - ⢮  饭 த樨;
     - ⢮  ᪠  த樨;
     - ⢮ 室 ⮯, ࣨ, 쥢 ਠ-
   ;
     - 孮᪮  㤮,  ᯮ짮  ᪥ -
樨;
     - ⢮  䨪 ந⢥ ᮭ.
     孮᪨ ⥫ 䥪⨢,  뢠騥 ⢮
饭  த樨,   ।   ७ -
୮ ६ (),    ७ ࠡ⪨  㤮
(, ᬥ),    ७ 室 ⮯, ࣨ,
,   (⮭, , ..). 筮 -
,  ⥫, 뢠騥 室 ⮯  㣨   -
।   ୮ ६,   ⠪   
த樨. ⥫, 뢠騥 ⢮,  ।  
த樨,  饭 ।묨 㯯 ⢠ (ઠ, -
ﬨ, ⠬)  ⭮襭  ᥩ த樨, 饭  -
 ୮ ६,   .. ⥫, ࠪਧ騥 ᯮ짮-
  㤮  (᫮ 㦤 ⠭,  㬬ୠ ⥫-
 ⮥  ..) ⭮  ୮ ६.
     ࣠樮 ⥫ 䥪⨢ ࠦ 㤮 -
 ᮭ  ந⢮ த樨  ࠦ    㤮
 (祫-).    ⥫  ।   ୮
६,  祭   த樨.
     ᪨ ⥫ 䥪⨢ ࠦ ᪨ -
 㭪樮஢   ࠦ    , 
 ,  । ⥯ ᮮ⢥⢨  १⮢ -
⠬  .   ⥫  :  W4i0= F(4t0,4t0,K) (13),  4t0 -
⮨ த樨   ⮢ 業,  ந  ६ t;  C4t0 -
ᥡ⮨ த樨,  ந  ६ t;    -  ⠫
  ।ந⢥ ,  ⭥ᥭ  ਮ t;  F -
 㭪.
      ࠭묨  ⥫ﬨ  䥪⨢  
ਡ 4t0=4t0-C4t0 (14)   ਡ 4t0=4t0-C4t0-E40* (15),    40  -
ଠ⨢ 樥 ⠫ ; ਢ , -
 뢠  ⮫쪮   த樨    뢠  
⮨ 4t0=C4t0+40* (16); 樥 ᪮ 䥪⨢ -
⠫  40=4t0/=(4t0-C4t0)/ (17). 稭, ⭠ -
樥 ᪮ 䥪⨢,  뢠 ப 㯠 -
⠫ .
     ᬮਬ ਬ 㭪樮, 뢠饣 孨-
䥪⨢ ࠡ ⥬ (ந⢠).   ⢥ ਬ -
ਬ     ਡ,      ᯮ殮  ।,
40=4t0-H40-40-40-40 (18).  㤥 ,    ।⨥  
ந⢮    ᮨᯮ⥫.   祭:
      - ᫥ ௫ ᮭ;
     40 - 易⥫ ᫥  樠쭮 客 (5,4 %  
);
     40 - ⠭  ࠡ⭮    (56000 .);

                                - 50 -

     N - ⢮ 㤭  ।⨨ (।ᯨ ⠢
 ᬠਢ ਮ);
     40 - 易⥫ ᫥  樭᪮ 客 (3,6 % 
);
     410 - 易⥫ ᫥  ᨮ 䮭  㤭  (1
%  );
     420 - 易⥫ ᫥  ᨮ 䮭  । (28
%   );
     40 - 易⥫ ᫥  䮭  (2 %  );
     40 - ࠭ᯮ  (1 %   );
     40 - 室   㤭 (12 %  (-410));
     40 -   祭      㪨   㤭   ࠡ⭠   
(40=-410-40 (19));
      -  ⨧樮 ᫥   ⠭ 㤮-
;
     40 -   짮⥫ ⮬ ண (0,8 %  4t0);
     40 -   ⢮ । (1,5 %     ।
⮨);
      -   , ਠ, 騥 ;
      -   㬥,  ᯮᮡ  ᭠;
     40 - ஢ 室 ( ⠭ ࠢ⥫⢮ -
);
     40 -  室;
     40 -  ᡮ  㦤 ࠧ⥫ ० (1 %   );
     40 -   ᮤঠ 魮 䮭 (1,5  %    4t0);
⮣ C4t0=7(0+40+40+420+40+40++40+40+++40+40      7,06*N*4
         7906*N*40+40+40+420+40+40++40+40+++40+40 7.06*N*40 (20);
     40 - ୠ 業 த樨 (40=4t0+40+40 (21));
     40 -    ⮨ (20 %  4t0);
     40 - ᯥ樠  (1,5 %  4t0);
     40 -   ਡ (38 %  4t0);
     40 -  㤠 ᮭ  ਡ뫨:
40=7(00                                  7,06*N*4
    790(-6*N*40)(1+'40+'40+'420+'40+'40) 7.06*N*40 (22);
     ' - ਢ ⠢  (`40=C4c0/100  ..).
 ਢ ⮫쪮  ,  ࠭, 易-
⥫   ।⨩,  ⠫  ⥭, ਬ, 祭
ᮭ,  ⥦ ,    ४  ..,  ᥣ  70
 .  ⠢    .  ᪢  ﭨ  -
 1995 .  ࠧ:
40=0,494*40-0,995*40-0,62*(+40+++40+40) 7,06*N*40 (23).
 ⮣ ࠦ,   稬,  ᫥,    砥 㯫 
 47,00,496*40.
      ࠧ,  業 㭪樮஢ 孮᪮ -
   ⠯  ஥஢,  ⠪   ⠯  㭪樮஢
 ᯮ짮 襯ਢ ⥫.  業 -
 ࠢ 䥪  ਬ ⮬⨧஢  ⮬-
 ࠢ饩 ⥬ 業 ⥬ ࠢ ᪨  -
⥫  ⥬   ⮬⨧樨  ᫥.   㦥  㪠뢠,
ਬ   ⥯ ᢮ 䥪⨢ ⫨砥  ࠧ
 ந.   ⥫ ᯮ  ஥஢ .
      ⬥,   ⥫ ᥡ⮨ த樨 室
   த樨,     室.  
᪠    (㯭-਩  ᮢ ந⢮),  ⥬
 ᥡ⮨  ᪠ த樨.

        2.5. ᭮ ⨯ ⥬ ࠢ 孮᪨
                             ᠬ.

                                - 51 -


     1. ⥬ ணࠬ ॣ㫨஢. ᫨ 孮᪨ ०
   譨 ᫮ (ਬ,  ⢠  室  쥢
ਠ)    ⠭ ࠭,   楫 ࠢ -
  ⪫ ⥪ 祭 ࠢ塞 ࠬ஢ 
,  .. ॡ ⢫ ࠢ 孮᪨ -
ᮬ  ࠭  ணࠬ.   ⭮ 砥,   -
 祭 ࠬ஢    ६,   ॣ㫨஢-
 ᢮   ⠡樨 孮᪨ ࠬ஢.  -
⢥  ਬ  ⠪  ᮢ   ਢ ঠ 
⥬ ०  ନ᪮ ࠡ⪥ ਠ.
     2. ⥬  ⨬樨  ࠬ஢ 孮᪨ ᮢ.  
 ,   訩 ०     ࠭,  ..
 롮   鸞 䠪஢,  ଠ    
室 ,  蠥  ⨬樨  孮᪮  ०.
ਬ,  孮᪨ ० ࠡ⪨ ਠ   娬-
᪮ ⠢ 쥢 ਠ,     ⠭-
  ⮫쪮   ந⢠.   ⮬  㫨-
 ᫥騬 ࠧ:    ⠪ 祭 X(t)=X5*0(t), -
஥ ᯥ稢 maxQ=Q[X4k0(t),X5*0(t)] (24). 孮᪨ ० X5*0(t)
 ⨬   (24), 40(t) - ஫㥬 ६-
 ⢠ 室.  奬 ⥬, ॠ饩 ᠭ -
ࠢ, ਢ  . 8.
     3. ⥬  ⨬樨 浪 믮 孮᪨ -
権.   ⥬ 孮᪨ ० । 浪
  ⥫쭮 믮 孮᪨ 権.  롮 浪 
⥫쭮,  ..  ணࠬ ࠢ,  砥   ।
६  砫    砭 権  । ⠭  ⮬
 孮  ࠡ⪨  ⠫,  ந⥫쭮  ⠭,
⥫쭮    ७  鸞 㣨 䠪஢.  ਥ -
쭮  ६ 孮᪮ 横, ஥ ॡ -
஢.  ⨬쭮 롮 ணࠬ ॡ  -
 ୮ ⨯,  ࠧ୮ ன     ࠧࠧ
ࠡ뢠 ⠫  ᫠ ࠡ뢠 ⠭.  祢,  
  讣  ⪠  ᫮  ਠ⮢  ணࠬ  뢠
⮫ 訬,   ᪫砥  ᯮ짮  -
⥫ ⬮  ᪠ ⨬쭮 襭.  ࠪ᪠
稬    ⮣  ⨯ ᫮ ࠧ⨥ 讣 ⢠
⮤  襭,  ᮢ㯭  ⠢ ⥮ ᯨᠭ
 ୮ ஢,     ⮤ ⥮-
ਨ 䮢. ⭮ ந⢮  ⫨稥  뢭 ࠪ-
ਧ 襩 ⠡쭮 孮᪮ ०,   
뢠    ࠭,     ࠢ ⢫ 
⨢ ॣ㫨஢.  ⮬ 롮 ணࠬ ࠢ  -
  ⥬ 뤥  ᠬ⥫ 㭪 ࠢ - -
஢ ࠡ  孮᪨ ࠧ (⮪,  ,  ).
    ࠪ७  ⥬ ࠢ    (,
).
     4. ⥬ ࠢ 㫨஢.  樨 㫨஢
믮 ஡⠬-ࠬ.     ࠢ
㫨஢   । ࠥ਩  -
.   ࢮ ࠧ . 1.13 뫨 ஡ ᬮ७  ࠢ-
 ஡⠬.

               2.6. ᭮ ⥫  ⠢ ⥬
                     ⮬᪮ ࠢ.

     ᭮ 設⢠   ⥬  ࠢ  孮᪨

                                - 52 -

㤮,  ஡⠬ ⠢ ॣ.  ⥬ () ।-
祭  ঠ 孮᪮ ࠬ (ਬ, ⥬-
,  業樨, ஢     ..)   -
      -    筮
  ந⥫쭮.  ᭮ ⥫ ⢠ ࠡ  - 
⮩稢, ᪠  ᪠ 筮, த⢨ 
⭮ (樥 ᨫ), 魮.
     ⮩稢 ࠪਧ ᯮᮡ ⥬ 室  ࠢ-
᭮  ﭨ     ᨣ   .
⮩稢 ⥬  ࠡ ਣ, .. 騥   -
७  殮 ࠧ ᪨ 裡  ⠬.  
ᨬ  ਬ塞 ⮤   ᨭ⥧ ⢥ 
। १ ࠧ ⥫: 樥 堭, ॣ-
஢, ⥫ ⥫쭮  .
     筮   ।   ᪠ 稭
⪫ 䠪᪮ ﭨ ॣ㫨㥬 ࠬ   -
.       筮.  ᪠ -
 ।  ⪫ 䠪᪮ 祭  ॣ㫨㥬
ࠬ    ⠭襬 ०,  ᪠ -  -
室 ० ࠡ .
     த⢨ ।  ᯮᮡ ⥬ ॠ஢  -
 室 ᨣ,  室   ⮩稢 ﭨ  
㣮.  ࠧ ⮤   ᨭ⥧ த⢨ ࠪਧ-
:  ६ 堭 室 ,  ᮡ⢥  ⮩
, १᭮ ⮩, ᮩ ய᪠  .
      ⥫ ⢠ ࠡ  ।    ࠡ
  ⠭襬  室 ० ࠡ 䨧᪮  ⥬-
᪮  .
      ⠢    室:  ன⢮  ⭮  裡   (-
⥫-८ࠧ⥫), ன⢮ ࠢ   ᯮ⥫ -
  ( ⮬ ᫥ ᨫ ਢ),  ⠢騥 ᮡ⢥ ॣ-
 ,  ꥪ ࠢ (ࠡ稩 ࣠ ⠭  ॣ) . -
⥫-८ࠧ⥫  ॣ㫨㥬 ࠬ । 䠪-
 祭 ॣ㫨㥬 ࠬ (ਬ, ᪮  -
  ⠭),  ८ࠧ    㤮 ᨣ  뫠    
室 ன⢠ ࠢ, ⢫  .  㣮 
室    ᨣ  饣 ன⢠.   ன⢥
ࠢ ந室 ᮯ⠢  ᨣ (  設⢥ -
砥  ᨫ  ८ࠧ)  ࠡ뢠 ࠢ騩 ᨣ
(ᨣ ᮣᮢ)  ᯮ⥫쭮 堭 (ᨫ  -
).  ᫥ ࠡ뢠 ,    ꥪ ࠢ.
ਢ ࠡ⠥   ,   稭  ᮣᮢ    㤥
  ⢨⥫쭮.

         Ŀ      Ŀ      Ŀ
   >        >      >   
    >                 
                                 
                        Ŀ         
    Ĵ     <
                         
     . 10. 饭 奬 ⥬ ⮬᪮ ॣ㫨஢.

      ᭮  䨪樨      ᪮쪮 ਧ:
     - 孮᪮ 祭 (⠡饥,  ணࠬ, ᫥-
饥);
     - ॣ㫨饥 ⢨ (뢭, , ५);
     - ᫮ ८ࠧ (אַ  אַ ⢨);

                                - 53 -

     -  ⭮ 裡 (⪠, ஬  ஢);
     -  ॣ㫨஢ (ய樮 , ⥣ࠫ , -
७樠 ,  ஢);
     -  ᪮ ࠪ⨪  (᪨    ᪨);
     - ᫮   痢  ᫮ ॣ㫨㥬 ࠬ஢ (-
 - );
     -   ࣨ,  ᯮ㥬    ᨫ ਢ (᪨,
᪨,  ࠢ᪨,  堭᪨  ஢);
     -  ॣ㫨㥬 ࠬ (᪮, , ஢, ⥬-
,   , 室, 殮, ᨫ ⮪  .).
     ⠡騥   ।祭   ঠ ॣ㫨㥬
ࠬ   ।  ᫮  譨 -
⢨   ⥬;  ணࠬ  -   ॣ㫨㥬 -
  ࠭ ⭮ ; ᫥騥  -   ॣ-
㥬 ࠬ  ࠭ ⭮  (᫥ -
  ⢨).
      ⥬ אַ ⢨ ⭮ ,  ॣ  -
 ᯥ樠 ᨫ⥫ ன⢠,    ॣ㫨-
  ࠬ  (ਬ,  ⠭ ࠡ祣 ࣠ ⠭) -
⢫   ࣨ  ᠬ  稪  (ଠ樮  㭪樨
ᮢ饭    ᨫ묨,   १ ᭨ ⢨⥫쭮  筮
).
     ⠭ ॡ  筮 ॣ㫨஢, ॡ㥬 -
 ⢨  ꥪ ࠢ,  ॡ㥬 魮,  ਢ  
ᮧ    אַ  ⢨.   ॣ ⠪  ਬ
ᨫ⥫ ன⢠,  ଠ樮  ᨫ 㭪樨 ࠧ.
        筮  ࠪ⨪ ᪨  -
᪨ .  ᪨   ० ࠡ (ᬥ ࠢ-
  ﭨ)  ந室  ᪮ 訡,    ᪨
 訡 ࠢ .
      ਧ 䨪樨   ⭮ 裡  ().
   ⪮  ஬ . ⪠  (⥫쭠 
⥫쭠)    ﭭ   ⠭襬, ⠪  
室 ०, 祬 ⥫쭠   ⪫ ꥪ -
ࠢ ( ࠬ)  ࠢ᭮ () ﭨ 뢠-
  ࠫ  ⮣ ⪫ (ᨣ ᮣᮢ ⠥
 ᭮ ᨣ),  ⥫쭠 - ᯮᮡ ॢ ꥪ
  㣮 ࠢ᭮ ﭨ (ᨣ ᮣᮢ ᪫뢠 
᭮). ஬  (, 祧)    祭
室 .  ਬ  ,  ஬  ⭮,
ᯮᮡ 襭 ⢠ ॣ㫨஢.
     ⭠  ᯥ稢 ஫ ॣ㫨㥬 (ࠢ塞)
ࠬ  ⮬᪨  ⠡ ॠ쭮 ६.
     ७   稪  䠪᪮ 祭 ॣ㫨㥬-
 ࠬ ࠢ   (). 祭  १-
 ᨣ ᮣᮢ ᨫ   ࠢ騬  -
 ਢ.   ⥬    ࠭⨨,    室
ᨣ,  ᮮ⢥騩 ॡ㥬  ॣ㫨㥬 ࠬ,
㤥 ࠡ⠭ ᨫ ਢ - ⢨  ⥬ ஫-
㥬 䠪஢.
     ⭠   ᮮ⢥⢨    ॣ㫨஢  뢠
⢥ ﭨ  ᢮⢠ ,  .
      ⥬ 뢠 묨 ࠢﬨ,    
   㦭 ਧ,  ..  ३   ⮩ .
ਧ樨 뢠 , ମ᪨, ᪨  . -
묨 㤥 뢠 ਧ樨,  ᭮  ࠧ 
㭪樨     ⭮ ன 窨  뢠 -
 ᫠.

                                - 54 -

     ⥬    뢠 .  樮-
   뢭    室 뢠 ࠢ
: A4o0Y5(n)0+A410Y5(n-1)0+...+A4n0Y=
=B4o0U5(m)0+B410U5(m-1)0+...+B4m0U+C4o0F5(l)0+C410F5(l-1)0+...+C4l0F (25),
 Y5(i)0,U5(i)0,F5(i)0 - i- ந  ६.
       ⥬ ࠢ ਭ樯 㯥௮樨: ॠ -
⥬  ᪮쪮 ६ ਫ ⢨ ࠢ 㬬 -
樨 ⥬   ⢨  ⤥쭮.
      ࠢ (25)  砥,  ᫨ Y(t) - ॠ ⥬,
      砫 ᫮ Y(t) =Y4u0(t)+Y4f0(t) (26).
      ਭ樯 㯥௮樨 ᫥ ⥬  ᪮쪨
室 ᥣ  ᢥ  ᫥ ⥬   室. -
⥬ 뢠 ࠢ 
A4o0Y5(n)0+A410Y5(n-1)0+...+A4n0Y=B4o0U5(m)0+B410U5(m-1)0+...+B4m0U  (27).
     ᯮ ᨬ    樨 ७஢-
  -     ( ७஢),  ,   ।
py=dy/dt (28),  p5i0y=d5i0y/dt5i0 (29) ,  ᯮ , ࠢ (27) 
।⠢  :  A4o0P5n0Y+A410P5n-10Y+...+A4n0Y=B4o0P5m0U+B410P5m-10U+...+B4m0U (30),
,  뭮  ᪮ Y, U (   ᬠਢ  -
ࠨ᪨ ᮬ⥫,  騩 ᢮⢮ ⨢), -
稬 ࠢ  Q(p)Y=R(p)U  (31),    ७樠  
Q(p)   室 稭 뢠 ᮡ⢥ ஬,   -
७樠  R(p)  室 稭 -  ஬  -
⢨, ⠪  㤮  । । 㭪権.
     ।筮 㭪樥  ୮ ଥ W(p) 뢠 ⭮-
  ⢨  ᮡ⢥ . ᭮ ।-
,  ।筠 㭪 ⥬ (27)   W(p)=R(p)/Q(p) (32).
ᯮ W(p), 稬 ࠢ Y=W(p)*U (33).
     ᫨ ⥬  m 室  m 室,     ᠭ -
 m । 㭪権.   ⭮,  ࠢ (25)  ᨬ-
᪮ ଥ   Y(t)=W4u0(p)U(t)+W4f0(p)F(t) (34).
      ⥬  ࠢ    ⭮   ।筠 㭪
  W4p0=W410(p)/(1+ W410(p)W420(p))  (35),    W410(p)  -  ।筠
㭪 ꥪ, W420(p) - ।筠 㭪 .
       । ॠ㥬    ॣ㫨஢.   -
  (⬮)  ॣ㫨஢  㭪樮 ᨬ
室 稭 Y ॣ   室 稭 U.
      ਩ ᪠ ஬諥 -,  -, -, -ॣ
ਬ ᮮ⢥⢥ ᫥騥 ⨯  ॣ㫨஢:
     Y=K4o0U (36) - ய樮  ();
     Y=(K4o0+K410p)U (37) - ய樮쭮-७樠  1- ந-
 ();
     Y=(K4o0+K410p+K420P520)U (38) -    1-  2- ந ();
     Y=(K4o0+B410/p)U (39) - ய樮쭮-⥣ࠫ ();
     Y=(B410/p)U (40)  - ⥣ࠫ ();
     Y=(K4o0+K410p+B410/p)U (41)  -  ய樮쭮-⥣த७樠
().
     ਨ ⢠ - ᮢ㯭 ⥫,  業
⢮  ࠡ .    ࠧ   㯯:  ⥣ࠫ
ਨ (㭪樮, ᫥ 祭  㦠 ன -
)  ਨ, ᭮   । ᯮ -
ᮢ ⥬ (ਬ ᪫⥫쭮   業  ⢠  
⥬). 業 ⢠  饭 ⥣ࠫ쭮 
  T
J=730F(x)dt (42),  F(x) - 㭪 ६, ࠪਧ -
  0                         ⥬.
       ⥬ 設⢮ 業    אַ
⥣஢ ७樠 ࠢ .    ⢨    

                                - 55 -

砩  饭 ࠭ ਥ ⢠ ᪮
筮 㦨 । ᪠ 譮,   ࠪ-
⨪  ᥨ   祭 砩 稭 ⭮-
⥫쭮  । 祭  ।塞  ⥫쭮  祭
⭮   ᯥᨨ 砩 稭.
       ⨬ 業  ᨭ⥧ ⥬  砩묨 -
⢨ﬨ ᯮ 㤥 ,  騩   㣨 ਨ -
.
      ࠪ⨪.
     ᫨ । 㭪 樮୮ ⥬      
p=jw            (43),                        㭪            
W(jw)=(B4o0(jw)5m0+B410(jw)5m-10+...+B4m0)/(A4o0(jw)5n0+A410(jw)5n-10+...+A4n0) (44) 㤥
⭮   ।筮   㭪樥.       ।⠢    
W(jw)=U(w)+jV(w)=A(w)e5jF(w)0    (45),     A(w)=7?0(U520(w)+V520(w))     (46),
F(w)=argW(jw)  (47).    ᭮ ᪮ ⭠ ।筠
㭪 ।  ,   ( ) ண ࠢ A(w),  
㣮,  ࠧ ⨬ ஬  ⢨⥫쭮 ⥫쭮 -
,  ࠢ F(w).  ਢ,   뢠  ⮣  
     ᪮筮,  뢠 㤭--
-⭮ ࠪ⨪ ().


                     jV
                     
                            U(w)
        
                    0\ F(w)           U
                       \    
                         \  
                 V(w)\C
                     
     . 11. 

     ⢨⥫     U(w)=ReW(jw)    (48)         
V(w)=ImW(jw) (49) 뢠 ᮮ⢥⢥ ⢥     -
묨 㭪ﬨ.  䨪 ⢥ ⭮ ࠪ⨪ (-
 U=U(w)   w  0  ᪮筮) 뢠  ⢥-
  ⭮  ࠪ⨪,    䨪  ⭮ 㭪樨 -
 ⭮ ࠪ⨪.    A(w)=W(j)  -  㤭
⭠ 㭪,   䨪 - 㤭 ⭠ ࠪ⨪.
㬥 F(w)=argW(jw) 뢠 䠧 ⭮ 㭪樥,    -
䨪 - 䠧 ⭮ ࠪ⨪.  ⠭,   䨧᪨
   ࠪ⨪. ᫨  室 ⮩稢 
樮୮ ⥬  ମ᪨ ᨣ u=a*sin(wt),   
 室 ᫥ 砭 室  ⠭  ମ-
᪨    㤮   䠧,  ᤢ⮩ ⭮⥫쭮 䠧
室 ᨣ  㣮 f. 㤠   ᤢ 䠧 f   -
 室 ᨣ  ᢮⢠ ⥬.  ஬ ⮣, 㤠  -
    室 ᨣ.   ⭮襭 /   
  .  뢠,   /=A(w)  F=F(w), .. 㤭
⭠ ࠪ⨪ ࠢ ⭮襭  室 ᨣ 
㤥 室 ମ᪮ ᨣ ( ⠭襬 ०), 
䠧 ⭠ 㭪 - ᤢ 䠧 室 ᨣ.
     ६    ࠪ⨪.
     室   室 ࠪ⨪ 뢠 -
묨.   ᯮ  ᠭ  ⥬  樮-
,  ⠪  樮. 室 㭪樥  뢠 㭪-
 h(t),   뢠  ॠ ( 室 稭)

                                - 56 -

 筮 㯥⮥ ⢨ 1(t)  㫥 砫  ᫮-
.
      ।, 1(t)=7(01, t>0
                          7900, t<0 (50).
     䨪 室 㭪樨 - ਢ ᨬ h(t)  ६  t
뢠 室  ࠧ ࠪ⨪.
     ᭮ 室   ᮢ  㭪樥  뢠  㭪
w(t),    뢠 ॠ ⥬  筮 ᭮ -
⢨  㫥 砫 ᫮.  䨪 ᭮ 室
㭪樨 뢠 ᭮ 室 ࠪ⨪.   ।-
 ᮢ 㭪樨 ᯮ짮 ⨥ 筮  .  -
    -    筮 頤 ᪮筮  -
⥫쭮.  뢠 -㭪樥,      
饭 㭪権.
     ⮩稢    ᭮ ॡ, ।塞
 ⥬ ⮬᪮ ॣ㫨஢. ⮩稢 ⥬ ࠡ-
ᯮᮡ. ⮬  㬥 ।  ᯥ稢 ⮩稢
⥬  ॣ㫨஢.    ࠧ    ⮩稢.
ᬮਬ । ⮩稢  㭮.   뢠
७樠 ࠢ    ଠ쭮  ଥ  y'4i0=Y4i0(y410,...,y4n0,t)
(51), i=1...n   ୮ ଥ y'=Y(y,t) (52),  y=(y410,...,y4n0)5
  Y=(Y4150,...Y4n50)  -  -⮫  (  "" 砥 
࠭ᯮ஢).
     稬 y5o0(t)  饭  .     襭
ࠢ (52)  । 砫 ᫮.  襭 ࠢ
(52)   㣨 砫 ᫮ 뢠 饭 -
. ।⠢ ࠢ (52)    ⪫  xi=yi-y5o0i  (i=1,..n),
x'=X(x,t)    (53)       ࠢ   x=(x410,...,x4n0)50,   X=(X410,...,X4n0)50,
X4i0(x,t)=Y4i0(x+y50,t)+y'54i0 (54),  i=1,...,n.    ६ -
饭      襭 x(t)=0 ࠢ (53)  㫥
砫 ᫮.  㣮 襭 x[x(t4o0),t], .. 襭 (53)
  ந쭮  砫쭮 祭 x(t4o0)7-00,  । 饭
.  뢠 饭  砫 饭.
     ६ x4i0(y4i0),  i=1,...,n 뢠 䠧묨 न⠬, 
x(y) - 䠧 ஬. ࠭⢮ n- ஢ x(y) 뢠-
 䠧 ࠭⢮.
     饭  x(t)=0 뢠 ⮩稢   㭮,
᫨,     뫮 e>0 ,  ⠪ b=b(e,t4o0)>0,   -
 t>t4o0 x[x(t4o0,t]<e,   ⮫쪮 x(t4o0)<b.   x -
 ( ଠ):
           4n
     x=7S0(x524i0)51/2
           51
     1. ⮩稢   .  ᫨ - 襭 
७樠쭮 ࠢ  ﭭ묨 樥⠬ ᨬ-
 ⮩稢,  ᨬ᪨ ⮩稢   襭. ⮬ 
砥 뢭  樮 ⥬, .. ⥬, 뢠-
 묨 ७樠묨 ࠢﬨ  ﭭ묨 樥-
⠬,    ᬠਢ   ⮩稢,   㪠뢠 ⭮
. 뢭  樮ୠ  뢠 ⮩稢,
᫨  ᨬ᪨  ⮩稢 -  饭 ()
.
     ᫨  譨 ⢨,  ࠢ  樮-
     ।⠢   (A4o0P5n0+A410P5n-10+...+A4n0)x=F(t) (55).  
ࠢ A4i0,  i=0,1,...,n -  ﭭ 樥,  F(t) -
   㭪   ६.   饥   襭  ࠢ    
X(t)=X40(t)+X4c0(t) (56),  X40(t) - ⭮ 襭 த ࠢ-
,     X4c0(t)     -    饥    襭    த    ࠢ

                                - 57 -

(A4o0P5n0+A410P5n-10+...+A4n0)X=0 (57).  ⭮ 襭 X40(t) । -
 ,  襭 X4c0(t) - ᢮ ,  ..  ,
஥,     譨 ⢨  । ⮫쪮  -
砫묨 ᫮ﬨ.
     饭   譨 ⢨      -
⢨  譨  ⢨ ᮢ  㦤 -
 X40(t).  ⮬  ⥬ ⮩稢,    limX4c0(t)=0.
 ᮮ⭮襭  ਭ  । ⮩稢  t->oo
 뢭 ⥬.
     ࠪ᪮ ࠢ. ⮩稢  ⥬, ..
믮  ᫮,        ࠪ᪮   ࠢ
A4o0L5n0+A410L5n-10+...+A4n0=0  (58).    ࠪ᪮ ࠢ
뢠 ࠪ᪨  .  ࠪ᪨  
⥬  (  筮  ﭭ ⥫  祭 ६-
) ᮢ   ᮡ⢥ ஬  ⥫    ।-
筮 㭪樨. ࠪ᪨  ⮩ ⥬ ⠪ -
 ( ⥫쭮 ⭮ 裡) 㬬 P(p)+Q(p)   -
⥫   ⥫ ।筮 㭪樨 W(p)=P(p)/Q(p) (59) ࠧ-
⮩ ⥬.  室  筮 ᫮ ⮩稢 ।-
   ࠪ᪮ ࠢ.  ᫨ L4i0,  i=1,...,q -
୨ ࠪ᪮ ࠢ ⭮ k4i0,  饥 襭 -
த    ࠢ          X4c0(t)=7S0Q4i0(t)e5lit0   (60),   
Q4i0(t)=C415(i)0+...+C4ki5(i)0 - ﭭ ⥣஢.   ⭮ 砥,
  ୨ l4i0,  i=1,...,n,  , 襭 ⠪: X4c0(t)=7S0C4i0e5lt
(61).
        t76$0 ६    ந -
ﭭ ⥣஢  ⮬ 砥,    ୨ ࠪ-
 ࠢ  ⥫ ⢥ .   ࠧ,
 ⮣, ⮡  뢭 ⥬ 뫠 ⮩稢, 室-
  筮, ⮡  ୨  ࠪ᪮ ࠢ -
 ⥫ ⢥ : Rel4i0<0, i=1,...,q.
     室 ᫮ ⮩稢.   ⮣,  ⮡ ⥬  뫠
⮩稢, 室, ⮡ 樥  ࠪ᪮ ࠢ-
 뫨  : A4o0>0,...,A4n0>0  A4o0<0,...,A4n0<0. ᫨ -
 ᫮  믮, ⥬ ⮩稢.
     ਩ ࢨ.   ⮣, ⮡ ⥬ 뫠 ⮩稢, -
室  筮,  ⮡  ।⥫ ࢨ,  ⠢ 
樥⮢  ࠪ᪮ ࠢ,  뫨  . 
ࠨ᪨ ਩ ⮩稢.
     2. ⮩稢  .
      뢠 , ᫨  뢠 묨 ࠢ-
ﬨ.  ⥬  ஢묨 ﬨ ॠ
.  ᫨  ᪠  ਧ,  ⠪ -
  뢠  ⢥.   ⨢ 砥 
뢠 ⢥.    ⥬  ࠢ  ਭ樯
㯥௮樨.    砥  ⥬  ⮩稢 -
饭   ᫥  ⮩稢    饭
:    饭     ⮩稢,   㣨
.  ஬ ⮣,    饭   t76$0  ६  
ᨬ᪨ ⮩稢 饭 .
      ਢ 室    ⥬   
稭 砫쭮 ⪫.    ⥬ ਢ 室-
 ,  ᮮ⢥騥 ࠧ 砫 ⪫, 
ᨫ쭮 ⫨.   ⮣,   ᨬ  稭  砫쭮
⪫    室  ﭨ ⥬  ६  ࠧ
ﭨ.   ⥬  ⠪ ⠭訥 -
ਮ᪨ ० (⮪),    ⥬ -
.

                                - 58 -

     ᠫ ⮤ ᫥  ⥬ . 
ࠧ ⮤,  ਣ  㤮  襭 ।-
  .  쭮 ப ᯮ ᫥騥 ⮤: ⮤
䠧 ࠭⢠,  אַ ⮤ 㭮,  ⮤ ,
⮤ ମ᪮ ਧ樨  .  ⮤ 䠧 ࠭-
⢠  砥  ஥ ࠬ᪨ ࠢ 䠧 ࠥ-
ਨ  楫 祭 䠧 .  䠧  -
  ந ᮮ⢥ ਢ 室 .  -
   ⥬  ᮤঠ ஢ 
ࠥਨ,  ᮮ⢥騥 ਮ᪨ ०.  ਢ 뢠-
 । 横. ᫨   ᭠㦨 䠧 ࠥਨ -
  ।쭮 横,   ⠪ । 横 뢠 ⮩-
稢. ⮩稢 ।쭮 横 ᮮ⢥ ⮩稢 ਮ-
᪨ ० (⮪). ᫨  稭  ।-
 横,    室, ᫨  -  室. ᫨ 䠧-
  ࠥਨ   ᭠㦨 ।쭮 横 㤠  ,
 ⠪ । 横 뢠 ⮩稢.
     ⮤ ମ᪮  ਧ樨 ࠧࠡ⠭  ᭮  -
 ਮ᪨ ०.   ⮤   ਡ  
ਬ,  ᫨  ,   ᫥   -
⮬,   ᢮⢮ 䨫  . 魮 ⮤ -
砥  ⮬,   ⥬ ।⠢     
.   饭  稨  ⥬ ⥫쭮  ०,
७ॣ 訥 ମ  室 ᨣ ।⠢  -
 鸞   砥 ମ஢ ⥬    -
,   ᫥  ᯮ짮  ࠪ⨪.

             2.7. ⨥  ⨯  ᫮ ⥬.

      뢠 ⮡ࠦ । ࠪ⨪ ꥪ
  楫   祭 ( ࠢ).    뤥 
ᥣ ࠧ  砥 ꥪ  ,   -
室    窨 ७ 蠥 ஡,  ..   - ࠦ
 ।   ᢮. ⮬, ᭮ ஡ -
஢  ࠧ㬭 饭 , .. 롮 ⥯ -
   ꥪ.
        ॠ  䨧᪨, ⠪  ࠪ묨
⥬.  ⢥⢥  뢠 䨧᪨  ࠪ. -
᪨  ﬨ     ਡ஢  設  ᪨
 ꥪ⮢  .
      ࠪ   ᠭ      -  몥,
㤮  ᫥,  ᠭ  ⥬᪮ 몥 뢠
⥬᪮ .
     ।⠢ ॠ쭮  ꥪ  ⥬,  ᯮ짮 -
⥬ ⨩   ஢ 㦨 ⮤᪮  ᭮-
    鸞 ਭ樯 ᫥,  ꥤ 騬  -
⥬ .  ⥬  ᫥  2- ᯥ: 
   ப ⥬   ᮢ㯭 易 -
⮢,    ᯥ  । ஠ - 祭  -
஢   ᢮ ⮢ ⥬ (।,  
㯭  )  ஠ - 祭 ⥬  楫  
᢮⢠, , ⢨  㦠饩 ।. ⮤ ୮-
 騪 ।,   ७  ⥬ ⭠, 
  裡 ⥬  譥 ।.
      ࠧࠡ⪨ ⥬ ࠢ 孮᪨ 㤮  
ᠬ  室  ⢥ ᨬ  -
⢨ﬨ  ꥪ ࠢ  ஭ 譥 ।  ன⢠  -
ࠢ  ﭨ   ࠬ஢ ꥪ.  -

                                - 59 -

   ࠦ    ᪨      ࠢ,
奬    ᫨⥫쭮 設,  ன -
᪮ 楯, 뢠 ⥬  ࠢﬨ,  ꥪ.
      ᨬ    楫 ᫥ ꥪ  ந ࠧ-
  . ,  ᫥ ﭨ ࠧ饭 ᠦ஢
  業஢  ᠬ  祫  㦨 讪  ᪮,
   - ,  -᪨ ᫥-
 - ⭮.
      - ᯥ᪠ ଠ ࠦ,   ன ⮡ࠦ
᢮⢠  ୮ ꥪ⮢, ⢥    ந-
⢥ . ࠦ ᢮⢠  ,  ⮫쪮 易 
騬  ᮬ.   ⫨稥  ࠧ,   -
ࠦ ᮢ㯭 ᢮ ।  襬 ᮧ,    
ࠦ  ᢮⢠  㧪 㯯 ᢮ ।  ,
室  襭 । ࠪ᪮ ,  ।᪠-
 १⮢  襭, ਭ 祫   ࠪ-
᪮ ⥫쭮.
      ࠦ 㭪樮 ᢮⢠ ꥪ ,  类 -
ࠦ,    ⮦⢥ ꥪ, ⮬ 室 
業,  ਩ , .. ᮮ⢥⢨   ꥪ-
.  ਩ 筮 ନ  㭪樮    ࠧ  ॠ権
ꥪ        ⢨. ਩  ᫮-
 ࠪ⨪  ,  ।⠢ ᮡ ""  -
宦 ॠ権 ꥪ     ⢨.  -
 롨ࠥ ⨬쭠   ண  . 
⠥  ⨬쭮,  ᫨     祭  쭮.
਩   ⮬  ⨯ 室 ⢨. ⮡ 
।, ਩ ନ  १ । ࠧ
ॠ権   ꥪ   室 ᨣ   ६.
     ⥬᪨   䨧᪨ .  ࢮ砫쭮 ⨥ 䨧-
᪮  ࠧ      䨧᪮  ,  ਬ,
㬥襭   ꥪ.  ,     ࠧ筮
䨧᪮ த 뢠 묨 ࠢﬨ ,  -
ਬ,  㧠  㦨, , ⮪  ⥫쭮 -
.  ⥫쭮,   ꥪ  䨧᪮  த  
㦨 ᠭ  ꥪ 㣮 த.   ࠧ, -
᪠  ⤥  ਠ쭮 ⥫   -
᪠   㫨஢  , ᮢ㯭 ࠢ-
, ࠦ 㭪樮 ࠪ⨪ ꥪ.
     ⥫ ⥬᪮   , ணࠬ   
奬     㦨  㣨 䨧᪨ ன⢠,  -
  뢠 묨 ࠢﬨ.   ࠧ,  ந室
ᬥ饭 ⨩ - ⤥ 䨧᪮   ⭮  -
쭮  ⥫,          ॠ 
ன⢠ ࠧ筮 䨧᪮ த,  ⥬᪠  -
頥   ⭮ ਠ쭮 ன⢥.  稥 䨧᪮ 
⥬᪮    ᥮᪨ ࠪ.
      뢠 ⥬᪮, ᫨ ⭮  ⥬᪮
ᠭ.   ⮬    ॠ   ਠ쭮
ன⢠.   뢠 䨧᪮, ᫨  ⥬᪮ -
ᠭ ⭮,  ॠ樨  宦  ॠﬨ ꥪ.
     筮  ।,    ஭, 訬 ﬨ 
,  ந室  ꥪ,   㣮 ஭, 訬 㬥
஢ ᫮ ,  .. ࠧ⨥ ⥬᪮ 
 ᫥  ᮢ ࠢ.
      ࠧࠡ⠭  ⮤ ᫥  ७樠-
 ࠢ  ﭭ묨 樥⠬.   ⮬  ᥣ
 ⢥  ਭ  樮 .  -

                                - 60 -

⥫쭮,   ᫥  ⥬ ࠢ  孮᪨
ꥪ⠬ ᪫⥫쭮 祭  롮   ꥪ⮢,
᫨  १  ⥬ ࠢ  ᭮ ࠭ -
  ⢥  ⫨  १⮢ ᯥਬ⠫쭮 ஢ન,
  ᢨ⥫  㡮   室   -
 ⮭, ᫮  , ᫥⥫쭮, ਬ  ᫮
 㤮 ⥬᪨ ⮤.  筠     䨧-
᪮  ,    ६   筮 㯠  ⨢稥 
孨᪨ ஢ ᯥਬ  ﬨ ᯥਬ.
             㤮⢮⥫쭠  襭 -
   ᮢ襭 㤮⢮⥫쭠  㣨.  ਬ, -
㣮쭠 , பᨬ ਢ 稢 ⮬-
 ஬⭮ ਠ,  ਥ   
ᨫ⥫    ⭮ 裡,   ᮢ襭    
ᨫ⥫  ७ ⥫쭮 ⭮ .
     ⬥⨬    ⨢稥  ꥪ ࠢ.  
業  室   ॠﬨ ꥪ       -
⢨.  ⨬  ⢨ﬨ  ࠢ騥 ᨣ  ॣ.
 ,    室 ᨣ 襥 祭 -
  ᮢ 㤥   ,   㣨 室 -
⢨ -  㣮 .  ਬ,    筥 뢠 ॠ樨
ꥪ   ᨣ,    -  ᮪.
     ⥫쭮, 祭  業 ⢠    
   । ࠢ饣 ᨣ,   ᫥ -  -
஢   ॣ.    ᮧ   -
, ⮡     ॣ  । ࠢ騥 -
⢨  ꥪ.
      ࠧ,  롮    ।⢮ 롮 
ࠢ,   롮  ࠢ - 롮 .   
⨢稥    ⮤ ᫥⥫ ਡ.  砫
롨ࠥ  ࢮ ਡ  ᭮ ⥮᪮ 
ᮢ   ꥪ.   ⮩  롨 ࠬ ॣ.
⥬ ࠥ  ண ਡ  ᯥਬ,    -
 ࠭ ॣ.   筥   -
 ॣ.   ᯮ  宦  ࠢ-
,  ஢  ᮢ    楫  ஢ન  ࠢ,
業 ﭨ.   ॡ ࠧ筮 ⠫樨 -
     ࠧ ᮢ.  ,   ᨭ⥧  ࠢ 
ᮢ६ ஢ ⥮ਨ ।⥫쭥  ,    -
஢ ᮢ  業 ﭨ ।⢠ ᫨⥫쭮
孨 ।⥫  ᫮ .
     ஥    ᭮  䨧-娬᪨ ᮢ
 孮᪮ ꥪ.   ஥  ⠢ ࠢ-
   ⠤ ஥஢ ꥪ. ⮤ । 
⥯,  ࠢ᪨, ᪨, ᪨ ⥬ ꥪ-
,  ⠪ ᮢ ⥯७  娬᪨ ॠ権.
      뤥 騥 室   ⠢  ࠢ  ꥪ⮢.
०  ᥣ  ᫥ 童 ᫥ ꥪ    ⠢
ࠢ   㧫,   襭  ⥬ -
묨 ⢨ﬨ.
     ਬ, ࠢ   ࠪ᭮  砥  -
  ⥯  ॢ⥫ﬨ,  ⥯樥 (ॠ-
஬)  ꥪ⮬,  ⠭  ମࠡ⪨  .  ࠢ
 ⠢騥 ⥯ ⥬ 祭,  樨   ⥯-
஢. 樥 ࠢ   ⠪ 䨧᪨ -
ࠪ⨪,   ⥯ ਠ,  ⥫쭠  ᯮᮡ,
⥬ 㦠饩 ।,  ᪨ ࠧ஢.  १
饭  ࠢ ⥯  ७० 童  

                                - 61 -

浪, 砥 ਧ ७樠쭮 ࠢ  -
ﭭ묨 樥⠬,  ஥ ࠢ   
饭 ⥯, 饣  ᮮ.
        ਧ ࠢ   ⭮
뢠 ꥪ, ⮣ ᯮ  ࠢ. 襭 -
 ࠢ ।⠢ ⢥ ஡ ,   筮 ⮣,
  襭 ⠪ ⥬  ࠢ 室 ஢ ਧ,
 ⮫쪮  ஢ ᫥ ⮤.  ᫨ ꥪ 뢠 -
 ७樠 ࠢ   ந,  襭 ⠪
⥬ ⢫   ᫥ ⮤,  ,  㦥 㪠-
뢠 , ⮦ ਧ, ⮫쪮    ⠤ -
祭 襭.
      ⮬  砥,  ᫨ 裡  室묨  室묨 ࠬࠬ
   ७樠쭮  ࠢ  ᫮  (ਬ,  
᫠  祭  த  ꥪ  ﭨ  室 祭
ࠬ஢ 뢠  䨧᪨, ⠪  娬᪨ 䠪, 
⠢  蠥    ६ ⥬ ࠢ),  ᯮ
ॣᨮ  - ࠢ ॣᨨ.  ࠢ ⠪  
ᯮ ਭ樯 "୮ 騪".      ⢨
, ࠢ騬 孮᪨ ᮬ  ६ y, ࠪਧ-
饩 ⥪ ⮣ ,  ࠦ ᨬ y =f()  (62),
  ࠭  ⭠.  ॡ ।  ᨬ 
騬 ᯥਬ⠫ .  묨 ᫮,   ⮨  
⮬,    饩 ᮢ㯭 室 ⢨ x4i0, i=1,...,n,
 ᮮ⢥  室 ६ y4i0,  祭   १
ᯥਬ,  ।  ᨬ y =f^(x),  訬 ࠧ
ࠦ饩 ᨬ (62).
          ⥬ ஥ ௮樮 -
 ⥯ n-1,   筮 室饣 १ 窨 x4i0,y4i0 (⭮,
 ⠪  ᥣ ).   ࠪ⨪ ⠪ 襭
뢠 ਥ  ⮣,   ७ 祭 ந室
 訡, ⮬ ஥ ⠪ ࠧ  㤥  ⮫쪮
ࠪਧ ꥪ⨢ ᨬ  稭   , ᪮-
 ࠪ 訡 ७.
      ࠧ,  ஥   뢠 -
 ࠧ  ᨬ  室  室, ᣫ -
 砩 ⪫ 室 稭.  ।,   
⪫ ந室  ଠ쭮   ।    㫥
।  ( ࠪ⨪  । 筮 믮).   y4i
।⠢ ᮡ 砩 稭,  ।   ଠ쭮
  ⥬᪨ ﬨ f(x4i0)  ᯥﬨ s4i520,  ࠪ-
ਧ騬 訡 ७.  ।,   筮  ७  
 窠 ,  .. s410=s420=...=s4n0=s.  ⭮ ।-
        ⭮⥩        砩         稭         y4i
p4i0(y)=[1/(s-7?0(27p0))]exp{[-y-f(x4i0)520] /(2s520)} (63).
     ।,   १ ᯥਬ  ந室  ᫥饥
ᮡ⨥:  砩  稭  y410,...,y4n0  ਭ  祭
y410^,...y4n0^,  ࠢ १⠬ ७.   砥   ⮬,
⮡  㭪 f^(x) ⠪, ⮡ ⭮ ⮣ ᮡ -
 ᨬ쭮.   । ᮢ 㭪権 f^(x),   ⭮,
 㭪権,   ᪮ ࠬ 室 ,  ᯮ짮-
 ⮤  ⮢ 뢠  ।  
⮫쪮 祭  ࠬ஢,     訥 ᪨ -
ࠪ⨪.   ⮤  ⮢ 砥   ᫥-
饬: 㭪 f^(x)   ࠭ ⠪, ⮡ 㬬 ⮢ -
 祭 f^(x4i0)  ७ 祭 y4i0^  뫠  쭮:
L=7S0[y^-f^(x4i0)]520=min (64).
      ᯥ稢 䨪  ਭ樯 ᨬ쭮  ࠢ-

                                - 62 -

    ᨬ,  뢠饩 室 ⢨ 
室 ६ ,   ⮤ ࠡ⠥  砥  ᮢ
   室  室,   ᯮ짮 ⮣ ⮤ 筮
  㭪樨 f^(x)    䨪樨  (㤥  -
७ ),  室 ࠬ, ।騥 ᪮ 㭪, -
 㤮⢮ ᫮ (64).  㯭   ⮤ 宦
 ᪨ ࠪ⨪ 뢠 ॣᨮ , 
ᠬ  - ॣᨮ묨 ﬨ.
     ⥩訬 ਬ஬ ॣᨮ       k  室
x410,...,x4k0   室 y  ࠢ  y=a410x410+a420x420+...+a4k0x4k0+e
(65),   - 訡 ७.
        襨,   ஥  ꥪ -
 ਬ ࠨ᪨ ⮤, ⥬ ७樠 ࠢ-
        묨 ந묨  ᪨ ⮤ -
ॣᨮ ,  ஥  ⥮ਨ  ⭮  砩
ᮢ  ᮡ⢥ ᠬ ⮤ ⥮ਨ ⭮.
     ஬ ᪨ ⮤, 㦥 筮  ࠡ⠭,
 ᫥ ६ 稫 ࠭ ⮤ ⪨  (ࠧ)
,  ᮡ  뢭 ⥬.   ⮤ 砥 
᫥饬.  뢠 室 ଠ ⢥ ଠ-
  ,   讥 ⢮ 䠪஢,  
 ⢮.  ᠭ ⠪ ꥪ ⥬ ࠢ    
ந        ᭮  - ⠭ 
 室  室 ⥬  蠥    ⥬  
ᮢ६  ⠯ ࠧ ᫨⥫쭮 孨.   ᯮ짮
⮤ ⪨   ⭮襭 " ", "", "-
 ",  " ",  " ", " "   -
  ⭮襭  ࠢ,  ஥ 蠥  묨
⮤.   ⮤  ᢮    饣  ⭮묨
⮤,   । ⥯ 饭  ᮮ⭮襭ﬨ -
 祭ﬨ ६  ஢   ⭮ ਭ-
 ࠬ஬ ⮣   祭.
      ଠ樨 ⢥ ଠ樨 । ⢮-
  裡   ⪮ ।묨 ࠪ⨪  ⥬-
᪨ ꥪ⠬.   ⠪ ࠬ஢,  ⥬  孮-
᪮ ॣ,  室 ࠧ , , 業,
᪮  ।  .. 稥 ⠪ ᮮ⢥⢨ 祢. 
 ஭, 稭 ࠬ ⠢  ᮮ⢥⢨ ᫮ -
न  ⠭묨   砫 न  ன,   㣮
஭ - 稭 ࠬ 뢠 ᫮묨 ᪠뢠ﬨ.
       ⢮  ࠬ஢ ⠪ ⨯.   x4i0X,
  ࠬ஢,  ਬ: ⥬, 業 
. ⢥ ࠪ⨪ x4i0   u4j0U. -
 U ।⠢ ᮡ   ࠬ஢ x4i0.   ᫮-
  ᠭ    (x4i0,u4j0)  ⠢   ᮮ⢥⢨ ⪨ ନ
q4k0Q, Q- ⢮ ⪨ ନ.  ⠪ ⨯ ⢠ -
뢠 ᪨, .. ⢠,     -
 த. ਬࠬ,  㦥  㪠뢠,  ⠪ -
⪨  ନ  "᮪",  "祭 ᮪",  "",  " 祭
"  . ᬮ  ,  ࠬ ⠪ ⨯   -
७,   稭   ࠦ  ᫮ ,  ࠪ⨪
  ᥣ   , ਬ, ᨢ ।  祭
᮪ 祭ﬨ ⥬.   ⮬ 砥  祭 -
  ࠪ⨪   ᯮ짮 ⢥ ଠ,
襤 ।⥫ ଠ  .
     ⢮ ᫮ ᠭ ࠬ஢,  묨 ࠪ-
 ⢮ ࠡ뢠 த樨.   ⢮ 
⥣ࠫ쭠 ࠪ⨪,   ᪫뢠  鸞  -

                                - 63 -

  ᮡ ⮢,    ⤥쭮  -
 ⮤ ⢥ ,   ஫ 㠫쭮 -
.  ਬ஬  ⠪  ࠪ⨪  ⢮  
⥪,  ஥ 業  ᪨ ᪠.   業 -
⢥   孮 ⥪, ⮤ 業, ꥪ-
 ஫. ॡ ଠ樨 ⢥ ଠ樨 -
 室 襭 ᫥ :
     1. ᪫祭 ꥪ⨢  業 ⢠ ;
     2. ࠧࠡ⪨ ⮤  孨᪨  襭    ⮬᪮
䨪樨 ;
     3. 宦 痢  ⥫ﬨ ⢠  孮-
᪨  ࠬࠬ.    ᥣ  ࠬ   ⨯  
ண ᭮ ⥬᪮ .   ଠ樨 -
 ⮤ ᯥ 業.    砥   -
⢠ ⪮ । ࠪ⨪ Q  ᮯ⠢   -
⢮, 騬 ᫮ த. 筮 뤥 ᫥騥 ⭮襭
 ᬠਢ묨 ꥪ⠬:
     1.  ਭ  饬 ;
     2. ࠦ 浪  ꥪ⠬ (ਬ, ࠬ 410 
稬,  祬 420);
     3. ⭮襭 ⭮   ᫥  ਭ    饬
;
     4. ⭮襭 浪  ⥬.   ࠬ஢,  -
묨 ⠭ ,   ⢥ ᮢ⨬ 
᫥ ᯮ㥬 ⭮襭.   ⨢ 砥 ⭮襭  -
ࠬࠬ   믮   .  ᮢ⨬
ᯥ稢  ⠯ ⢥  ᫥⥫.
      ᠭ    ⥬ ࠧࠡ⠭  ⥮-
  ⮬⮢.   ᪠,  ⥬  筮
᫮ ﭨ    ﭨ  㣮    室  
। ᫮ (࠭祭). ⥬᪨ , ਬ-
  ⮬ ⮤ - ⥮ .

            2.8. 䨪 孮᪨ ᮢ.

     䨪樥 뢠 । ᪨  ࠪ⨪
ꥪ  ࠢ  ࠬ ࠭ .  䥪⨢ ࠢ
孮᪨ ᮬ  ᯮ짮 ⮤ ⥮ਨ ⮬-
  ࠢ     ⮣,   ⭮ ⥬᪮
ᠭ ⮣ . ⮬ ஥ ⥬᪮ ᠭ -
訩  ⠯  ᮧ   ⮬⨧஢  ⮬᪮
⥬ ࠢ. ⮤ 䨪樨   ᨢ  ⨢-
.  ⮤ 䨪樨 뢠 ⨢, ᫨  ꥪ 
ᯥ樠 ⢨  楫 ।  ᪨  ࠪ-
⨪.
     ᨢ ⮤ 䨪樨 -  ⠪ ⮤,    -
 ꥪ 롨  १⠬  室    室
ᨣ      ଠ쭮 ᯫ樨   ꥪ  
 ᯥ樠 ᨣ  楫     ᢮⢠.  ᨢ
⮤ ᮡ 㤮 ⥬,     ଠ쭮 室 孮-
᪮ .  ,  २⢮ ⨢ ⮤  ⮬, 
ࣨ ⮢ ⢨ ।祭  㧪 ६  -
⭮ ,  ⮬ ॠ樨 ꥪ  ⮢  ᨣ  
  .
      ࠢ 孮᪨ ᮬ  室  ,  
    室 ⢨,  ࠢ饥 ᮬ,  -
室 ६, ࠪਧ  ⥪. ⮬ 䨪-
  ᢮  ஥ ⥬᪮ ᠭ ᨬ-

                                - 64 -

  ⨬ 稭,  ஥ ⮨    ⠯.  ࢮ-
砫쭮 室 । ࠪ ᪮ ᨬ    -
⥬᪮ ᠭ,   ⥬   祭  ࠬ஢
⠪ ᠭ.  ⠯ 筮 뢠 ୮ 䨪-
樥,  ன - ࠬ᪮.
     室묨 묨    ஥ ⥬᪮  
 㦨  ⥮᪨ ।⠢   த  䨧᪨
, ந室  ⥪ ⮣ , ⠪  ᯥਬ-
⠫쭮 塞 ᨬ  室묨  室묨  ६묨.
  ਭ樯    室  ᯮ짮  -
樨 .  ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮 ⥮᪮ 室 -
  ⥬,    ࠪ⨪,   ࠢ,  뢠 
  ࠧ ॠ쭮    䠪஢.   
  ६ 䨪  ⮫쪮  ᭮ ᯥਬ⠫
 뢠 쬠 ᫮ 祩  ᫨⥫쭮 窨  -
. ⮬  䨪樨 孮᪨ ᮢ 楫ᮮࠧ
᭮ ᯮ짮 ᥩ 饩 ଠ樨  , 祬
⥮᪮ ।⠢ ᫥ ⭮  ୮ 䨪-
樨.   ⮬ 業 ᪨ ᢮⢠ ,   -
,  樮୮  .,   ᭮뢠 롮  -
᪮ ᠭ.  ᯥਬ⠫  ᯮ  -
᪮ 䨪樨.
      ࠧࠡ⪥ ⥬ ࠢ  孮᪨  ᠬ  
᭮  室  ᬠਢ  ࠬ᪮ 䨪-
樨. ⮬ ᬮਬ  ⮤ ࠬ᪮ 䨪樨, -
  ਣ   ஥  孮᪨ ᮢ 
 ந⢠. ᬮਬ 砩 䨪樨 뢭
孮᪨ ᮢ.
     ᯮ짮 "ன" ⨬樨 孮᪮   
  筮  ண饩     ⠪ 뢠-
 ⥬ 誠쭮 ࠢ.   ⮬  䨪  
⢫   ॠ쭮 ⠡ ६,  ⠪   㯥ࢨ୮
०   ᫥饩 ࠡ⪮.
      ࠬ஢  ண饩    室   ⥬
ନ쭮 ࠢ,  ਬ塞    ࠢ 
ﭨ 孮᪮ ,  祬  ⠪ ᯮ
䨪  ॠ쭮 ⠡ ६.
     䨪   ॠ쭮  ⠡ ६   -
⢫ 㭪樮 ⨪ ꥪ, 稪, ᯮ⥫
ன    ᠬ .   ⮣,   ⮬  
㢥   ।⢥ ஢ ࠢ -
⥬ 㡫஢ ࠢ  ᮮ⢥騬  -
 .
      ⨢ (ࠨ) ,  ஥   ⨢-
 ⥬  䨪஬,  ᯮ ࠨ   -
    䨪  ᪨  ᪨ ࠪ⨪ 
 ᭮ 饭.
      ਠ  ⨢ ⥬  ⠫  ᯮ-
 䨪 ᪨ ࠪ⨪ ꥪ   ࠢ-
,  ࠡ騩  ॠ쭮 ⠡ ६,  ன⢮ 樨
 ࠡ   ॠ쭮 ⠡ ६,  ⠪   㯥ࢨ୮
०.
     䨪 室  ࠡ ⨬ ⥬  ࠢ
樮묨 ᪨ 孮᪨ ᠬ,  ᯮ-
騬 ⥫ ﭨ.    ⥬   ਬ  業
䠧 न ꥪ, 砥   ⥫ ﭨ,
 䨪樨 ࠬ஢ ꥪ ࠢ.
     ᬮਬ ॡ,    㤮⢮  ᬮ-

                                - 65 -

७ ਬ 䨪.  䨪    
業 ࠬ஢  ⠭襬 ०,   ॡ  筮
䨪樨 ᨫ쭮 ⫨  ᨬ  ⥯ ﭨ -
  稭 ⨬㥬 㭪樮.
      ⮩ 窨 ७,  ᮪ 筮 䨪樨 ॡ  
  ᪮ ⨬樨  ᯮ짮 ண饩 -
. ᭮,  ࠬ, ᫠ 騥  ⢮ ⨢ ࠢ-
,     ஢,     
ࠨ    䨪樨.
      ஫  䥪⨢ ࠡ ⨢  ࠥ 筮
業 ࠬ஢  稨    室 ꥪ, ⠪   
室.      ,     䨪樨 
 筮  ࠡ⪥ ,  ᪠ 㬠  -
.
      䨪樨 ⫨   ࠪ 室 -
 ࠬ஢.  讥 ᫮ ⮤,   訥 १ 
筮  ⪫ 砫 祭 ࠬ஢  ⨭
祭,   ᯥ稢 室 業   砫 -
ࠬ᪨ ᮣᮢ.   ⥬  ,      
㪠  ਬ  䨪   ᯮ짮 ⠪ ਥ
襭 室 ⬮ 䨪樨,   ୠ ண
ᨢ  ࠡ뢠   砫묨 ᫮ﬨ,  祭묨 
।饬 横.
      䨪樨   ⨣ ⠪ ⥯ ࠧ,  -
    筮 襭. ⮤ ⥮ਨ -
䨪樨 쭮 ᫮,    ஡ ॡ 襭.  
⮤ ᫥  ᢮ ࠭祭,   ⠢  ࠪ⨪
஥஢  ⨢  ⥬  ࠢ ᯮ짮 
ࠧ ⮤,  .
      䨪樨 ᪨ 孮᪨ ᮢ ᯮ-
 ॣᨮ ⮤ 䨪樨 (. ।騩 ࠧ  
ॣᨮ  ).   ⮤ 砥    ।
樥⮢  ࠢ  ॣᨨ  ᯮ짮 ⮤ 
⮢.  襬  ࠢ  (64)  ।饣   ࠧ      
7S0[y^4i0-f^(x4i0,a410,...,a4k0)]520=min  (66).    襭 த७㥬
   410,...,4k0  ࠢ塞 ந :
7(S0[y4i0^-f^(x4i0,a410,...,a4k0)](df/da410)=0
7*0.................................
79S0[y4i0^-f^(x4i0,a410,...,a4k0)](df^/da4k0)=0 (67).
 (df^/da4j0)=f'(x4i0,a410,...,a4k0) - 祭 ந  㭪樨  f^  
ࠬ a4j0  窥 x4i0.  ᪮ 祭 樥⮢ a410,...,a4k0 -
室  襭 ⥬ ࠢ.
     ७ ⮤   䨪樨  ᪨  孮᪨
ᮢ.  ᬮ७  䨪  ⥬ ⪮,
    ᯥਬ⠫  뢠 室-
   ⥬ ࠢ.  ⮣ ⪠  ,
᫨  ᯮ짮  ४७ (᫥⥫) ⮤ 䨪-
樨.   ⮤ 砥  ⮬,  । ४७ -
  宦  襩  業   ࠬ஢ 
 ६ t4n+10     x410(t4n+10),...,x4k0(t4n+10)    
業,    ।饣  ६.  ४७
 뢠  ⬠  ᪮  பᨬ樨.  
 砥  ⮬,    蠣   業-
 ࠬ஢ ந ⠪ ࠧ,  ⮡    㯫
  ᯥਬ⠫   ண饥 ᢮⢮ -
.

         2.9.   孮᪨  ⥬. 

                                - 66 -

                 ࠢ 孮᪮ ⥬.

       砥   ⪠ ꥪ⮢
 ᯮᮡ   ⪠.  㤮⢠ 襭   ࠧ-
    ꥪ⮢:    ⥬.  ⥬ ।祭 
ᠬ⥫쭮 믮 । ࠪ᪮ .  
 ⠢  ⥬.  ਭ樯 ⥬  ࠧ 
 ᫮ ⮢,  室  ᫥ . -
,    ⥬     ந.  
   ᯮᮡ 믮  ⥬  ।
㭪樨   ⥬     㤮  ᫥-
饣 ᯮ짮.
       ﭨ ꥪ⮢:  ࠡᯮᮡ  ࠡᯮ-
ᮡ. ᯮᮡ 뢠 ﭨ ꥪ,  ஬ -
祭  ࠬ஢,  ࠪਧ ᯮᮡ 믮 
㭪樨,  ᮮ⢥  ॡ  ଠ⨢-孨᪮    ()
᪮ 㬥樨.  ﭨ ꥪ,  ஬ 祭
    ࠬ,  ࠪਧ饣 ᯮᮡ 믮 -
 㭪樨,   ᮮ⢥ ॡ ଠ⨢-孨᪮ 
() ᪮ 㬥樨, 뢠 ࠡᯮᮡ.
     ⪠ - ᮡ⨥,  饥  襭 ࠡᯮᮡ -
ﭨ ꥪ,  ..  室  ࠡᯮᮡ ﭨ. 筮
ࠡᯮᮡ 뢠 ﭨ ꥪ,   ஬   
ਬ.   ,   ࠡᯮᮡ 
ﭨ ꥪ,   ஬    த 믮  ᢮
祭.  ⮬    業  室 ࠭ -
,  ﭨ ꥪ ⠥  ࠡᯮᮡ,  ᪮
   祭  ꥪ.  ਬ, ᫨ 譮
⥫쭮 ਡ ,  祬 ॡ  ਬ   
孮᪮ ,    ࠡᯮᮡ,  
 ਬ  㣮     ॡﬨ.
      ꥪ ।祭  믮 ᪮쪨 㭪権, -
 室 祭 ⥫    㭪樨. 
  㣮 :  業 ᢮⢮ ꥪ 믮  ॡ㥬 
 㭪樨.  ⪠ ⠥ 믮     㭪権
ᨬ  ⮣,   ,  ன ॡ 믮-
 ⮩ 㭪樨.
     ⪠  ࠧ  ᪮쪨 ਧ.
     1.  ࠪ ࠭ - ⥫ (⮩稢)  ६-
騥 ( 騥,   祧騥) ⪠. ⥫ ⪠
 ᫥⢨ ⨬ ᮢ  ⠫  ਠ.  
⥫ ⪠  ⠭ ࠡᯮᮡ ꥪ -
室 ந  ६ (ॣ㫨஢). ६騥 ⪠ 
設⢥ 砥  ᫥⢨ ⨬ 砩  
० ࠡ  ࠬ஢ ꥪ⮢.   饭 ० ࠡ 
⨬ । ꥪ  ᠬ,  筮    ⥫⢠  祫,
頥  ࠡᯮᮡ ﭨ.  ࠧ, ६騥-
 ⪠ ⢥ ⫨  ⥫ 稭 -
,  譨 ﬨ  ᫥⢨ﬨ .  ⮬ 
楫ᮮࠧ ࠧ  ⥫ :    ⥫
⪠   ६.
     2.  裡  㣨 ⪠ - ࢨ, .. 訥  -
 稭, ஬ ⢨ ⪠,  , .. 訥  -
 㣮 ⪠.  ਬ,  - ஡    
ᣮ १.   ᫥ ⥫  筮 -
  ࢨ ⪠.  ⪠   砩묨  ᮡﬨ,
   ᨬ묨  ᨬ묨.  ⪠  -
ᨬ묨,  ᫨       ⭮ -

                                - 67 -

  ண  ⪠.   ᨬ ⪠ ⭮ 
      ⮣,  ந諨 㣨 ⪠  .
     3.    㦥 ⪠   祢묨 (묨)
 묨 (묨).
     4.   । ⨯ ꥪ⮢ ⪠  ࠧ
 譨 . ਬ, ࠧ ⪠ ஢ 
ࠧ   㯯: ⨯ ""  ⨯ "몠".
     5.  ࠪ   ࠧ  ⪠  ,
騥    १,  ࠪ᪨    ࠪ⨪
ꥪ⮢,   ⪠ ⥯, ந室騥 - , -
 襭 ⢠ ꥪ⮢.  ᬮਬ  ஡ ࠪ-
  ⪠.   ⪠ 筮   
堭᪨ ० ⮢ (,  騭,  뢮, ஡
樨  ..),  - 祣  ⪠  뢠 묨.  -
 ⪠ 稫 ᢮  - ⮣,  筮 -
  ਧ  ਡ,  .. । ⪠ 筮  㤠-
 㦨 ⢥  ࠪ⨪ ꥪ. -
 ⪠ (ࠬ᪨,  ) 易   ᮬ  ⠫,
७ ਠ  ࠧॣ㫨஢ ன.  ࠬ ꥪ
 ⨣ ᪨ 祭,     ﭨ -
⠥  ࠡᯮᮡ.    ⪠  ꥪ  ⠪  
᫥⢨  ⨬  ਠ.   -
  ⮬,    ஫ 騩 ࠬ,  
᪮ 祭 ண 㯠 ⪠ ꥪ,  筮 易-
   堭᪨ ०.
      ꥪ⮢ ࠧ 祭  ன⢠ ਬ  ࠧ-
  ⥫  .    饥 ६  뤥 
㯯 孨᪨ ꥪ⮢,  ࠧ騥  ⥫ﬨ    ⮤
業 :
     1. ⠭ ꥪ,  ਬ塞    ࢮ  ⪠
(१,  );
     2. ⠭   ਬ ꥪ (⮯);
     3. ⠭    ਬ ꥪ,   
⨬   ࠡ (१ࢨ஢  裡);
     4. ⠭    ਬ ꥪ,   
⨬ ⪮६   ࠡ (஡, ⠭).

      2.9.1. ⥫  ⠭ ꥪ⮢.

      業  ⠭ ꥪ⮢ ᯮ -
⭮ ࠪ⨪ 砩 稭 - ࠡ⪨  ꥪ 
砫  ᯫ樨  ࢮ  ⪠.    ࠡ⪮  
த⥫쭮  ꥬ ࠡ ꥪ, 塞  , 横
 㣨 .  ࠡ  ⪠ ࠦ   -
,  ᯮ ନ "६ ⪠ ࠡ", ,  
 ᠬ, "६   ⪠".
      ࠪ⨪  砩 稭   
।,  .. ᮮ⭮襭  묨 祭ﬨ 砩
稭  ᮮ⢥騬 ⨬ 祭 ⭮. ।
ࠡ⪨  ⪠   ᠭ   ࠧ ⥫
  ⠭  ꥪ⮢:  㭪    p(t),
⭮ । ࠡ⪨  ⪠ f(t),  ⥭ᨢ ⪠-
 l(t).
     㭪樥  뢠 㭪,  ࠦ ⭮ -
,    - 砩 ࠡ⪠  ⪠ - 㤥     
ࠡ⪨  (0,t),   뢠      砫   ᯫ樨,  ..
p(t)=P{T7.0t}. ᫨  祢 ᢮⢠ p(t):
     1. p(0)=1,  ..   ᬠਢ ⪠ ࠡ  

                                - 68 -

ꥪ⮢,   뫨 ࠡᯮᮡ   砫 ࠡ;
     2. p(t)   ⮭ 뢠饩 㭪樥  ࠡ⪨
t;
     3. p(t)7600 t760+7$0,  ..   ꥪ  ६ ⪠.  
p(t)  ᯮ  㭪  q(t)=1-p(t)=P{T<t}.   -
ࠪਧ ⭮ ⪠ ꥪ  ࢠ (0,t).

      2.9.2. ⥫   ꥪ⮢, ⠭
                         ਬ.

      ꥪ    ⠭  ᫥ 믮 -
 (㤮 ᠬ⮢  ..). ⥫   -
⮢    ࠡ⪥.  㬬ୠ ࠡ⪠  
n- ⪠ T4sn0=T410+T420+...+T4n0,   T4i0 - ࠡ⪠  (i-1) -  i-
⪠.
        業   ꥪ⮢,  ⠭
  ਬ:
     1. ᫥ ᫮ ࠪ⨪ ⮪ ⪠;
     2. ᫥ ᫮ । ࠡ⪨  ⪠.
        饥 ६  饯ਭ. ᬠਢ-
  ⮪ 砩 ᮡ⨩,     ⮨  
⪠ ꥪ.  ⮪ ⪠ ⮨   ⪠ ꥪ. -
⮪  ⪠    ࠪਧ "饩 㭪樥" ⮪ Q(t) -
⥬᪨  ᫠ ⪠  ࢠ (0,t). , -
  ᥣ   ⢥ ⥫  ᯮ ࠬ ⮪
⪠ w(t), ࠪਧ । ᫮ ⪠,   
 ࢠ ࠡ⪨, ।塞  ᬠਢ  t
㬬୮ ࠡ⪮  뢠 ࠦ:
                       P410(t,t+dt)
     w(t) = a(t) = lim  +o(dt) (68)
                   dt760o    dt
      P410(t,t+dt) - ⭮   ⪠   -
 (t,t+dt); o(dt) - ᪮筮  稭  ᮪ -
 ,  祬 dt (⭮     ⪠  -
ࢠ (t,t+dt)).

       2.9.3. ⥫  ꥪ⮢, ⠭
                          ਬ.

     ⥫  ꥪ⮢, ⠭   -
,     ୮ ६.   ꥪ 
ࠧ   㯯.   ࢮ 㯯 ⭮ ꥪ,  -
   祭  ६ ࠡ ᪠ ⪠  맢
 ⪮६   ࠡ.   ꥪ⮢ ⮩ 㯯 -
讥 祭  ᢮⢮ ⮢ - ᯮᮡ 室  -
 ᯫ樨 ⥫  ६  ࠡᯮᮡ -
.   ன 㯯 ⭮ ꥪ, ⪠   祭 -
 ६ ⨬.  ᫨   ꥪ (⥬)  
  ,    ⪠    ꥪ ⠥
ࠡᯮᮡ   ஢ ६ ⪠ ⮢  ६
믮  .       ꥪ   ⭥ᥭ  ࠧ
㯯  ᨬ  ०  ਬ.
      ࢮ  㯯  ꥪ⮢     ᯫ樨 ।
砩 ਮ ६ ⪠ ࠡ  ६  ⠭
(६).  砩 ६  ।묨 ⠭ﬨ T4oi
ࠢ T4oi0=T4pi0+T4i0 (69).  ᫨ 砩 稭 4pi0  4i0 ᨬ,
  ⭮ ।  㬬 4i0  ⭮  ⥮ਨ -
⭮⥩ ࠢ  樨 । ࠢ:

                                - 69 -

                   4t
             f4o0(t)=730f(x)g(t-x)dx  (70)
                   5o
: f(t)- ⭮ । ६ ⪠ ࠡ;
     g(t)- ⭮ । ६ ⠭ ꥪ.
      ꥪ⮢ ன 㯯   ⢥ ⥫ -
 ᯮ짮 ⠪ ࠬ ⮪ ⪠,  । ࠡ⪠ 
⪠  㣨 ࠪ⨪.
      ᬮ७  ⥫  ꥪ⮢  ࠧ
  㯯:
     1. ࢠ,  ⭮騥   ࢠ ࠡ⪨ 
६  (t410,t420);
     2. , ᮮ⢥騥  祭 ६  -
ࠡ⪨ t;
     3. ᫮,  易  ᯮ  ࢠ 
 ६ (ࠡ⪨).

           2.9.4. 業 ⥫  ꥪ⮢ 
                      ᯥਬ⠫ .

     ᯥਬ⠫    孨᪨ ꥪ⮢  
  祭    १    ࠡ⮩   ᫮
ॠ쭮 ᯫ樨,    ᯥ樠 ⠭  ⪠
ࠡ.  ⠭ 筮     ᯫ-
樮 . 쭠  ᯫ ।⠢ ᮡ ⨦-
   ᢮ ⠡   ᫮ ᯥਬ.   
 ॠ쭮 ᯫ樨   ᥣ 㤠  㦭 -
ଠ:
     1.  ॠ쭮 ᯫ樨  ᮮ⢥ ࠫ쭮 -
騬 ன⢠.    孮 ⮢ ᮢ६
孨᪨ ꥪ⮢  ⮫ ,   । 砨, 
  ᯫ樨 ꥪ⮢, 饭 ᪮쪮  , 
 ᪮ 祭.   ⥬ ᭮ 楫  ᫥-
      襭   -
⮢.
     2.   ॠ쭮  ᯫ樨 筮  묨.  
 冷 稭:  ࣠樮묨 㤭ﬨ ᡮ   -
⪨ ᢥ, 㤮 ਬ ७᭮ ஫쭮--
⥫쭮 ,  筮 ⢨⥫쭮  筮  ⮩
   ᥣ 筮 䨪樥 ࠡ⭨. - -
࠭祭 ꥬ ᪨     㤭 -
  ⮢  ࠪ⨪     ࠧ ᫮
ਬ ꥪ⮢.
     3.   㤭  ⢫     ࠡ⮩ 
ꥪ⮢   ॠ쭮 ᯫ樨.
     ᫥ 稭 । 室 ப  ਬ-
  ⠭    ⪠ ࠡ  ஢ 
ᯫ樨.  ⠭  ⪠ ࠡ  ᥣ 易  
䨧᪨  ஢  ᫮ ᯫ樨.   ஢ 
⠭ 筮 㤠 ८ 設⢮ ᫥ 㤭-
⥩.   ᯥਬ த 祭 , 筮 ६ -
⪨  ⪠  ⪠  ᮢ.   ஢ -
ਬ  室  ⥫쭮 ⢮ ᯥ樠쭮 㤮-
.   ࠢ,   ᯥਬ ⮨ 祭 ண;  
⠭ 室 室 ⥫쭮 ⢮ ᯥ樠쭮
㤮.  ⠭ ࣠  ਩ ᪠  -
,  ⮣    ⥫쭮     ଠ 
஥㥬 .  ⮬  ࠭   ⠭ﬨ

                                - 70 -

 ⪠ ࠡ.     ਬ  ᥬ୮ ࠧ-
⨨ ஢  ᯫ樨   ࠧࠡ⪥ ⮤
᪮७ ⠭.
        ᫥      ஢
ᯥਬ  祭 祭 ⪮ ६, ⭮  
 . ஬ ⮣,   - ⥯ ᫥ -
 , ஥㥬 ꥪ⮢.
     ⠭  ⪠ ࠡ 뢠 ।⥫묨  -
஫묨.  ।⥫ ⠭ 室 ⢨⥫ -
 ⥫  孨᪨ ꥪ⮢. ஫ ⠭
   ⢥न,   㥬 ꥪ  
  ॡ㥬 ( ⮬ 孨᪨ ꥪ ਭ),  -
஢࣭  ⢥ত ( ⮬ ꥪ ࠪ).  ,
।⥫ ⠭ ஢  楫 ᡮ ଠ樨    -
 ꥪ⮢,  ஫ ⠭ -  ᭮ 襭  -
⢥ த樨.
     ⠭  ⪠ ࠡ 筮 ࣠ ࠢ⥫쭮
讥 ᫮ ஢ ꥪ⮢. ⮬  ஡ -
᪮ 業 ᢮ ꥪ⮢  १⠬  ⠭  ࠭-
祭 ᫠ ஢.    ਠ ⠭ ⮩ -
, 筮 易  ࠧ 祭 ⠭:
     1.   ⠢ , ᮮ⢥  祭 -
⥫     ॡ.    筮 
 ஫  ਥ-ᤠ ⠭.    ⠪  ⠭
 襭 筮  ⥬ ஢ન ᪨ ⥧.
     2.  ⠢   । ᫥ 祭 -
⥫  㥬 ꥪ⮢.      -
⠭ , 㧫, ⮢   室  ஢ 
ਬ.    砥 筮 ਬ ⮤ 業 ࠬ-
஢ । ࠡ⪨  ⪠.
     騥 ⮤ 襭     ⥬᪮  ⨪
ࠧࠡ뢠 㦥 .  ਬ  ⮤  業 १-
⮢ ⠭  ⪠ ࠡ 筮  뢠  ਭ樯-
 㤭.
     ⠭  ⪠ ࠡ ࠧ  祭   ࠪ-
 譨 ⢨  뢠 .
      ஢ ।⥫  ஫ ⠭  ஢
பᨬ    ᯥਬ⠫  - ⥮-
᪨ ।  ஢ઠ ᪮ ⥧    ⮬,  
ਭ⮥ ⥮᪮ ।  ⨢ ᯥਬ⠫쭮-
.
      ஢ ⠭ ⠢ ,   ஬ 㪠뢠-
: ⢮ ꥪ⮢, 冷  ⪠ ꥪ⮢, த-
⥫쭮 ⠭.
      ⠭ 筮  ।⠢      㯮冷祭
᫥⥫쭮 (ਠ樮 鸞) ᥫ,   -
ﬨ ࠡ⪨  ⪠ ꥪ⮢.
    䨪 ⥭ᨢ ⪠ l(t)  ⭮ । -
ࠡ⪨  ⪠ f(t)   ᪨   ⪠.

       2.9.5. ࠬ᪠  孨᪨ ꥪ⮢.

     ᫨ ⪠ ந室 -   ᢮  ꥪ⮢,
  ⪠ 뢠 ࠬ᪨  ⥯묨.  
⭮襭 ࠬ᪨ ⪠  뢠  ࠬ᪮  -
.    業   ꥪ⮢    ਡ 
⪠ 室 ⠢  ᮢ ࠧ ⪠.  
 ⠢  ⨯ 㧪-筮  ࠬ-  -

                                - 71 -

.    ꥪ  ࠡᯮᮡ,  
  ᯫ樨 稭  ⨣ ࠭ ࠡ祩 .
 ﬨ  ⨯   ⮤᪨ ࠧ.
     ᪮ 楫 ᫥  ⮨  宦 -
।  ࠡ⪨   ⪠,    ᮢ ࠧ ⪠
    䠪஢  ᬠਢ  砩 .
ᮡ 砩 ᮢ ७,  訢, ࠧॣ㫨஢-
   ⮬,   뢠  ⪠.  ⪠ -
  ᫥⢨  ⨬  ਠ.  
,   ⮣ ⪠    ᫥⢨  ⮭
砩   - ࠬ . ⫨稥 
⥯ ⪠ ⮨  ⮬,    ஫ 騩
ࠬ,   ⨦  ᪮ 祭 (࠭) -
㯠  ⪠ ,  筮 易    堭᪨
०.
      ࠧ,   ⪠ ꥪ 易  砩 ᮬ
(  饬 砥 )  ।饣 ࠬ  ந-
室  ⨦ ⨬ ࠬ஬ ᪨ 祭.
      ᯫ樨  ࠭ 㤠  1-2 ࠧ  -
祭 ।饣 ࠬ  ⮢. ⮬  -
뢠,       ।   ࠭祭 ᫠
⨪ 祭,   ⢨⥫쭮 砩  -
 ࠬ.   ࠧ, 筮  室 ᫥ 室
௮஢  ࠯஢  祭  ।饣  ࠬ
.   ⮣ 室  ⥧  ࠪ୮  -
 .  ⢥ ।,    ᭮  ਮ  ࠡ
᪮  ࠬ   ਬ୮ ﭭ.  
㣠 ⮣  ᪮ 訢 砩  -    
 - ᢮.
       稭  ᠭ ᮢ 訢  -
  楫ᮮࠧ ਬ  砩  ,  
ॠ樨      묨 ﬨ.     
騬  ⢨⥫쭮, 祭  뢠 ᭮ -
 ᮢ  ࠬ, ॡ 쭮 -
 ᯥਬ⠫    ᫥  ࠪ⨪  砩
          ᫥ 
⮢    ᢮.

            2.9.6.  ⥫   ⢠
            㭪樮஢ 孮᪨ ⥬ ().

      ⢮  㭪樮஢ 孮᪨ ⥬ 筮 -
 ⥯ ᯮᮡ ⥬  믮  ᢮ ᭮-
  祭.  ⢥騩  ⢥ ⥫ 뢠
⥫  ਥ ⢠  㭪樮஢.    ⥫
⢠  㭪樮஢   祭   । 
蠥 ,    楫,    ⮬ ६ ⨣-
.
        㯯 ⥫ 㭪樮஢ :  譨,
७,  騥.  譨 ⥫ 筮  ॡ⥫
⥬:  ⢮,  ⢮   ⮨ த樨  㦨.
७ ⥫ (ਬ,   樨 ᮭ  樨)
室 뢠:  㤥 ()  (ਬ,  -
 ⮬⨧஢ ଠ樮 ⥬ ⮨    -
 ५⭮ 뫪).  ᬮ७  ⥫ -
 㭪樮஢   뤥   䥪 ਬ  :
樠,  筮-孨᪨  ᪨.   易-
.    ਢ  ⠡ 4.

                                - 72 -

                                                        4
Ŀ
        ⥫ ⢠ 㭪樮஢ ⥬                
Ĵ
     譨                 ७               騥       
Ĵ
⥫ ⢠    ᪨᪨ ⥳
த樨             ⥫                                
⥫ ⢠                       ⥫ 樠쭮
㦨 ॡ-                       䥪               
                                         ⥫ 筮--
                                            ᪮ 䥪     

      ।  祭  ⥫  ⢠ 㭪樮஢
ᬠਢ १ ਬ ⥬   祭.    ⮬
室 뢠 ⢨  ⥬ 砩 䠪஢.  -
⥫ ⢠ 筮   ࠪ⨪  砩  :
砩 ᮡ⨩, 稭, ᮢ.   ⥫ﬨ -
⢠ 㭪樮஢ 㦠 ⥬᪨  砩 -
稭.
      뤥    ⥫  ⢠  㭪樮஢:
  ࢠ.   ⥫  ⭥:
     1. ।  ⢮ 㭪樮஢   ६ t=t4i0 - -
⥬᪮  E(t4i0)=M[x(t4i0)] (71),   x(t4i0)- 砩 -
稭;
     2. । ᪮ ⪫ ⢠ 㭪樮஢  
 ६ t=t4i0 s(t4i0)=7?0(M[(x(t4i0)-E(t4i0))520]) (72).
     ࢠ묨 ⥫ﬨ ⢠  :
     1. ⥬᪮    室  䥪 (। 室
䥪)  ६ (0,t) (t)=mx(t)=M[x(t)] (73);
     2. । ᪮ ⪫ 室 䥪,  ࠪ-
ਧ饥 ࢠ  sx(t)=7?0(M({x(t)- mx(t)})520) (74).
      ࢠ쭮 ⥫ ⢠ 㭪樮஢ ⠪  -
   쭮 祭 । 室 䥪 40(t) 
ᮮ⢥饥 祭 樥  䥪  e(t)=(t)/4o0(t)  (75).
⥫ । 室 䥪  ।  易 ᮮ⭮-
襭 +W=40 (76).
      ᯮ ᪨ ⥫ ⢠ 㭪樮-
  䥪⨢.  ਬ,   ਡ뫨   -
樥  ᪮  䥪⨢  ⠫   ப
㯠.  ⥫ ⢠ 㭪樮஢ ⥬ ஫  
ࠢ  㦨 稭 410=(40-)/410 (77),  40 - ய
ﭨ ꥪ  ஢ ஫  ࠢ;   - 筠
ய ꥪ ᫥ ஢ ஫  ࠢ;  410 - 
    祭  ଠ樨.   ਬ   ⠪   ⥫
420=(t4o0,t)/C420 (78),   p(t4o0,t) - ⭮ ⪠ ࠡ -
⥬  祭  ६ (t4o0,t4o0+t);  C420 - ⮨ 
஫.

       2.9.7. ⮤ 業  孮᪨ ⥬.

         㭪樮  ⮢ ஥-
 ⥬    奬,  ன   ᫮ -
祭 ࠦ   㭪樮 裡  . -
 ⠪ ⥬ ࠪਧ ।쭠  (ᯮ)  ந-
⥫쭮 E(t), ࠢ ᨬ쭮   "ࠡ祣 ⥫", -
  ࠭ᯮ஢     ६.  ந⥫쭮
⥬  ।   室 .   ᪮쪨 室

                                - 73 -

    㬬ୠ ந⥫쭮  ⥬
  ந⥫쭮 ⥬  ⤥ 室.   ⪠
ࠡ  ⮢ ⥬ ᯮ  ந⥫쭮  ࠢ
쭮.   ⪠ ⤥ ⮢ ந⥫쭮 
㬥;   ⠭  ᪮, 㯠 ⪠ -
⥬.  ⪠訥    ⠭  १ ஥ ६
㯠  ன, ࠡᯮᮡ ⥬ ⠭.
       ⢮ 㭪樮஢   ⥬  -
  ⠭  ﬨ:
     1. 業  ⢠ 㭪樮஢ - 筮
 ⥬   ⮢.  ⮬ 室 祭 -
樥 㭪樮஢, ᮮ⢥騥  ⢠ 㭪樮-
 ⥬ - .
     2. ਭ  ⢥ । ࠭ ࠡᯮᮡ -
ﭨ ⥬ ⠭ ࠭   ⢠  㭪樮-
஢.    ⮬  室 ॠ樨 砩   ࠭
᪠ ᮮ⢥ ⪠ ⥬,   祭 ࠭ ᪠ 
⭮ ࠢ - ⠭ ࠡᯮᮡ.   祭
६  ⪠  ⠭ ⥬    饯-
ਭ ⥫ .
      ࠧ,  室  ᬮ७ ⢠ 㭪樮-
   ᬮ७  ⥬ 室  ।
ࠡᯮᮡ  ࠡᯮᮡ ﭨ ⥬.   室
  ᬮ७  ⢠  㭪樮஢ ⥬  ᬮ७ 
  ந ६ ,   㪠 ਮ
宦 ⥬  ࠡᯮᮡ  ࠡᯮᮡ ﭨ.
     ᬮਬ  ஡      ⪠
.   ᪮쪮 㯯   ⪠ 孮-
᪨ ⥬,  ᫮  ⪠  ,  ᯮ-
 ந⥫쭮,  ६ ⨦  室
䥪.
      ࢮ  㯯   ﭨ  ࠪਧ 祭ﬨ
। ࠬ஢ த樨.  ⪠ ⠥  室  祭
।饣 ࠬ ᪠ த樨  ࠭ ᪠.  
⮬ 業     ਭ⨨ ⥫ -
饭.
      㯯   ⪠ ( ⠭) 
ᬠਢ   ந⥫쭮  ⥬.  ਬ,  
   ਭ,    ⪠ ⥬ ४頥
 த樨  ࣠ ਩ ६,  १ -
ண ⠭ 쭠 ந⥫쭮.

            2.9.8. ⮤ 襭   ꥪ⮢ 
                       孮᪨ ⥬.

     , 騥   ꥪ⮢   ᯫ樨, -
  ꥪ⨢묨  ꥪ⨢묨. ꥪ⨢ ⢨ ந-
室 - ࠢ ⢨ . ,   ⮬-
⨧஢ ன⢮ ॡ ਮ᪮ 㦨, .. -
࣠  ⢨  .   ⮬  ਢ騥  ⪠
ꥪ⮢ ࠢ ⢨ ,  ᫮ ⪮  -
, , 宩 ࣠樥 ࠡ. ਬ,  ⪠ 孨᪮-
 ꥪ  ਢ ࠢ쭮 ॣ㫨஢, 襭 ࠢ
祭  몫祭,  襭 浪, ⮤  ꥬ ࠡ 
孨᪮ 㦨.
     ꥪ⨢ ⢨  ࠧ   㯯:
     1. 騥 ⢨,   ࣠  ⮩     
 ꥪ  ⨯;

                                - 74 -

     2.   ⢨,      ࣠  ⤥
  ࠧ.
      騥,  ⠪    ⢨   ﭭ묨 
६묨.  ꥪ⨢  ࠧ   ࠡ稥,  ᪨,
᪨.
       ꥪ⮢ ᨫ쭮   ⥬୮  ०
 ࠡ.  ᮡ । ⠭ 殮 ⥬୮ ० 
㤠ࠬ  ﬨ.
      뤥  㯯 ய⨩  襭  
ꥪ⮢      ஥஢:  ⥬,   (奬),
⨢  ᯫ樮.  ⥬ ⭮ ࣠樮-
-᪨  ய    ⨬㫨஢ 襭 
(६஢ ᮭ  ⪠ ࠡ)  孨᪨ ய-
 ⠪,  ਬ, ਬ ⮩  ⥬ 
⮢. 祭  祭 ࣠樮-᪨ ய-
⨩   ⨬㫨஢ 襭 ,  ਬ,  ᫨  ⮨-
     ࠭⨩ ६,      ⮬
⮢⥫ 뢠,   襭  ꥪ⮢ 㬥-
   ࠭⨩ ६.  ࠧ ⨬㫨 
業    襭.  ⢥ ண ਬ ࣠-
樮-᪮ ய  ⨬㫨஢  襭  -
  ਢ 室  ᯥ祭  뢠 -
⮢ ⥬ ஢ 室   ப 㦡.
     孨᪨ ய    ନ஢  ⥫ 
஥㥬  室   ⥬ ⭮襭 -
稪  ࠧࠡ稪.
      (奬) ⮤ ꥤ ய   襭
  ꥪ⮢  ⥬ ᮢ襭⢮ ਭ樯  ஥.
 ⮤ ⫨ 訬 ࠧࠧ  ⥭ᨢ  ࠧ.
  ⢥  ਬ  ਢ ࠧ ਠ ஥ ,
⢨⥫   ⪠.  ᮧ ⠪  室-
  ⥫쭮 ᫮  ,     
ணࠬ ।⢠    ᫮ 奬 襭.   뤥-
  㯯 ⠪ ,  ࠧ । 㭪権 
묨  ணࠬ묨 ।⢠.     ⨯ ࠪ
⨯ୠ  ⥪   饭  ᪨ .
稥 ⮨  ᯮᮡ 樨 ࠢ ⮢   -
⠭  㭪樮஢ ⥬.   ,  ᯮ  ᭮
 ।⢠   ⪠,   㦨 奬 -
ᮢ  ⭮ १ࢨ஢ 設.  ⮭宦 ⪠-
 㫥 । ⠪ 묨 ।⢠.  ⠭
஫ ᯥ樠쭮 ࠢ饩 ணࠬ.  ⮬ 祭
 㫥 ⨯      室  ᯫ樨.
 室 ந ४䨣 ⥬,  ⪠訥 -
㫨 몫.   , ᯮ  ᭮ ணࠬ ।⢠
  ⪠,    ४䨣 ⥬ ந -
 ணࠬ묨 ।⢠. 訡 㦨  ࠢ -
⮢    ᫥.     蠥 ᨬ
६   묨 ﬨ,  १ ࠢ. -
訥  㫨 室   ணࠬ ⠡,  ࠭ -
ଠ  ⪠   設. ᫥   -
権  訡   ࠢ ணࠬ ந ४䨣
⥬.  ᯥ譮 ਬ  ⮤ 襭 -
 ⮬⨧஢ ந⢥ ⥬ 室 쭥
ࠧࠡ⪠ 鸞 ஡,  ⮤ 樮쭮 ।  㭪権
  묨    ணࠬ묨 ।⢠  㦥 ⪠
⮢  ⠭  ⥬,  ᯮᮡ  䨪樨  ⪠
孨᪨  ।    訡  ணࠬ     ,  ⮤ 

                                - 75 -

। ꥤ ⤥ ⥩ ⥬ ࠢ     -
.
      ⨢ ⭮ ய   ᮧ    
⮢,  ᮧ  ० ࠡ, ਭ   -
祭 ६  ..  筮 뢠  묨  -
,    ६ ⠫,  ⥩  ⮭-
 ⮪.
          樨,  ᯮᮡ ⮢-
  ᫮ ਬ.   祭 ᪨,  ⥯ 
樮  ० ࠡ ⮢ ⥭ᨢ  ⪠ -
⥫쭮 㬥.   ஢ ࠭ᯮ㥬  ஭
    ᯥ   㤠஢  権.  ࠢ쭠
⨧    ᭮ 䠪஬,  ।騬
 .
      業 ᫮ ࠡ ⮢ ᮡ   㦭  -
  室 , 騥  祭  몫祭, 
⠪  㣨  ० ࠡ .  ॣ㧪, -
뢠  ⮬    室 ,     
稭   .
      ஥஢   뢠  ࠬ஢ -
ਠ  ⠫  ६ (७).   ७ 室  
⪮६  ࠡ  ꥪ⮢,  .   ਬ ᫥
 ਮ ᪫᪮ ࠭.  ⮬ 楫ᮮࠧ ⠪ -
  祭 ࠬ஢ ⮢,  ⮡ ᯥ -
ᨬ ࠬ  ⥬.
     ६ ࠭  ⪠   㬥 ⥬ ஥ ⥬
 筮-㧫 ᯮᮡ.  ⥬ ࠧ  ⤥ 㭪-
樮쭮-祭 ,   ஭ ⥬ 뢠-
 ᪨.  ,  ᢮ ।, ࠧ  㭪樮쭮
祭 㧫, 믮塞   ꥬ 権.  -
 ஥ ꥪ⮢ ⠭ ⮨     襤  
   㧫,   ⥫쭮 ᪮   ꥪ-
⮢  ன.  ⢫ 筮-㧫 権 ᭮ 易 
㭨䨪樥 ⮢  ⥬,   ந  ᭮ ⡮
  ਠ⮢.   ⮬  ⮫쪮 蠥 
ꥪ⮢,   ᭨  ⮨  頥 ⮢.
      祭 ६ ⤥  ᭮ ⥬ ࠡᯮ-
ᮡ  ⠪ ࠩ 室 㭨䨪 , ⠫, -
殮   ⠭  ..  䨪 砥 ᭠ -
묨  ﬨ    ᭨  ⮨ ᯫ樨,   ⠪  
।  ⠫ ६.
     ஢ ᯫ樮  ய⨩  ⠤ ஥஢-
 ꥪ⮢ ⮨  ࠧࠡ⪥ ⥬  ᯫ樮  ᯥ-
.  ஥஢  ꥪ⮢   ⢫  ᮮ⢥⢨ 
ன ࠡ  孨᪮ 㦨. ਬ,  -
஢ ਮ᪮ ॣ㫨஢ । ࠬ஢ ன
室 ।ᬮ  ஫  ண஢ -
  ࠬ஢.
      襭    ⮢  室  ஢
ய  ᯥ祭 த ᪠ த樨.  
ய  ꥤ   㯯:
     1. ᮢ襭⢮ 孮 ந⢠;
     2. ⮬⨧ ந⢠;
     3. 孮᪨ (७஢) ண;
     4. ᪮ ॣ㫨஢ ⢠ த樨.

           2.10. ஥஢ 孮᪨ ᮢ 
           ᯮ짮  । ᫨⥫쭮 孨.

                                - 76 -


      㦥 ࠭ ᬠਢ,  䥪⨢ ᯥ-
 ᮧ 뢭 ⮬⨧஢ 楯窨 "஥஢ -
⮢"    ().  ᭮ 楫 ᮧ  - 襭
ந⥫쭮 㤠,  ᮪饭 㤮  ⮨ -
ᮢ ஥஢,  ⮢ ந⢠, ⮢  ⠭
;  襭 ⢠ ᪠ , ᮪饭 ப ᢮-
      ,  祭    ᮢ 
 ⨬樨 ஥஢,  ⠭ , ⮢  ⠭
,  ᭨    楫,  易  ᪮  .
ᬮਬ ᭠砫  ஥஢ .
     ஥஢ 孨᪮ ꥪ 易  ᮧ, ८-
  ।⠢  ਭ⮩ ଥ ࠧ ⮣ ꥪ.  -
஢ 稭  孨᪮   ஥஢, -
஥  ࢨ ᠭ ꥪ,  १⮬ ஥஢
   㬥樨, ᮤঠ騩  ᢥ
 ⮢ ꥪ   ᫮,     ।⠢
ᮡ ⥫쭮 ᠭ ꥪ.
     .. ஥஢ - , 騩  ८ࠧ -
室 ᠭ ꥪ  ⥫쭮 ᠭ  ᭮ 믮
 ࠡ ᫥⥫᪮,  ⭮  ᪮ -
ࠪ.
     ८ࠧ 室 ᠭ  ⥫쭮 ஦  -
  ᠭ,    ।⮬ ᬮ७  楫
। 砭 ஥஢  롮 ⥩  த.
  ஥ 襭.
      ஥஢ ᫮ ꥪ⮢ ᯮ ᫥騥  ਭ-
樯:
     -   ᪮ ᠭ ꥪ⮢;
     - ⠯  樮 ஥஢;
     - ⨯  㭨䨪 ஥ 襭  । ஥஢-
.
      ᠭ  ⥯ ⠫樨 ⮡ࠦ ᢮ 
ࠪ⨪ ꥪ   ᭮ 筮-᪮  室  
஥஢    ਢ   ᪨ ஢  ।-
⠢  ஥㥬 ꥪ.
      ࠢ,  뤥  ⮢  ந室  㭪樮쭮
ਧ.   த   祭  -
஬  ஢ ⮢,  ᠭ  쭥襬   -
.   뢠 묨.
     .., ਭ樯 筮 砥 ஢ ।⠢-
  ꥪ ஥஢    ⥯  ⠫쭮  ᠭ,  
ਭ樯  樨  (筮)  -  ࠧ ।⠢ 
஢   ⠢ ⥩  ()    ﬨ  筮
஥஢      ஢.   設஥  
।⠢ ⠫ﬨ (, 诮,   ..) -   -
 ஢,   ᡮ  (, ⮤ 㧥).
      ᬮ७   饥,     ⠫쭮 -
ᠭ  ।⠢ ਭ樯쭮 奬 .   ᫥饬 -
᪮ ஢ 뢠  ࠡ⪨ ⠫  ⥬, -
騥  ⮢ - 孮᪨ 権.  쭥襥 ਬ
ਭ樯 筮  筮 ਢ  뤥 ஢  -
ᠭ  樮  孮    ࠢ ணࠬ  ⠭ 
.
      ஥஢    ⠬ ⭮  ਭ-
樯  ᪨  奬  (⥣ࠫ 奬,  
ࠤ,  १, ).   ⮢ -
। 㭪樮 㧫 - ᨫ⥫,   筨 -

                                - 77 -

,  㬬  ..  ,  ᢮ ।, 室  ⠢ ன
 , 뢠   㭪樮 奬 (, ,
).  ன  ࠤ஭ ⥬, 뢠
   奬.
     ஬ 童 ᠭ  ⥯ ᫮,  ஡ -
ࠦ ᢮ ꥪ,  ஦騥 ᪨ ஢, ᯮ
  ᠭ  ࠪ ⮡ࠦ ᢮ ꥪ.  
ਢ    ⠪  ᯥ⮢  ᠭ,    㭪樮,
᪨  孮᪨.
     㭪樮 ᯥ 易   ⮡ࠦ  ᭮  ਭ樯
㭪樮஢,  ࠪ  䨧᪨    ଠ樮 ᮢ,
⥪  ꥪ,  室 ࠦ  ਭ樯, 㭪-
, , ᪨ 奬  ᮯ஢  -
.
     ᪨ ᯥ  易  ॠ樥 १⮢ 㭪樮-
쭮 ஥஢,  ..  । ᪨  -
⮢    ᯮ  ࠭⢥.
     孮᪨ ᯥ ⭮  ॠ樨  १⮢  -
᪮ ஥஢, .. 易  ᠭ ⮤  ।
⮢ ꥪ⮢.
        ᯥ  ᢮ ᯥ᪮ 뤥 -
᪨ ஢.
     ஥஢  ᢮ ⠤  ⠯. ஥஢  -
  ⠯ ࠧࠡ⪨ ਭ樯 奬  孮᪮  -
,  ⭮ 孮, 樮 孮  祭 -
ࠢ饩 ଠ樨  設 ⥫    ࠢ  ணࠬ-
-ࠢ塞 㤮.
      ஥஢  뤥 ⠯:
     1. ஥஢ ⮢;
     2. 奬孨᪮ ஥஢;
     3. 㭪樮쭮-᪮ ஥஢;
     4. ⮯᪮ ஥஢.
     ஥஢ ..    室饥 ( 饣  ⭮) ⠪ 
室饥 ( ⭮  饬).    ⮤  ᢮  ᮡ-
    ⪨    ࠪ⨪ 筮   ஢.
室饥 ஥஢     ஢,  ᯮ
㭨஢ .
     ⠢   ஥஢ ᪮  㬥-
樨.  ஥஢  ,  ࠧ騩  ६, ⮨
 ⠤,  ⠯, ஥ 楤  権. ⠤: ।஥-
 ᫥;  孨᪮   ࠧࠡ 孨᪮ -
  ।;  ᪨ ஥ ();  孨᪨ ஥ ();
ࠡ稩 ஥ (); ⠭  ७.
      ⠤ ।஥  ᫥,  孨᪮    
孨᪮ ।  ᭮ 祭 ॡ⥩ ⢠ 
祭      ᮢ  ।  祭,
᭮ ਭ樯 ஥ 孨᪮ ꥪ  㫨 孨-
᪮  ()   ஥஢ (  ஢ ).
      ⠤  ᪨ ஥ ஢ ४⭮  ॠ-
 ᭮ ਭ樯   ,  ।  㭪樮஢
饣 ꥪ  ᮧ  .
      ⠤  믮 ஭ ࠡ⪠  ⥩ -
, ⨧  ⠫ 孨᪨ 襭.
      ⠤  ନ  室 㬥    -
⮢  .   ᮧ  뢠  ࠧ 
஡  ,   १⠬ ⠭    室
४஢    ஥  㬥,  ᫥  祣 ⢫
७  ந⢮.

                                - 78 -

     ⠯ ஥஢ -   ஥஢,  
ᥡ ନ஢  ॡ ᠭ ꥪ, ⭮  -
   ᪮쪨 ᪨ ஢  ᯥ⠬.   
⠯ ᮢ  ﬨ ᮮ⢥ ᪨ ஢  
ᯥ⮢.
     ⠢  ⠯ ஥஢ 뢠 ஥묨 -
ࠬ  (  ⠯,  믮 ன 稢 祭
஥⭮ 襭).    ⠢   ஥-
,  室騥  ⠢ ஥ 楤, 뢠 ஥묨 -
ﬨ.
      ஥ 楤   ᨭ⥧.  ⥧ -
  ᮧ ᠭ ꥪ,   -   ।  ᢮  
᫥ ࠡᯮᮡ ꥪ   ᠭ,  ..  ᨭ-
⥧ ᮧ,     業 ஥ ꥪ⮢. 楤
   楤 -  ਠ⭮ .  -
ਠ⭮   祭 ७  譨  ࠬ஢,
ॡ । 祭 室 ࠬ஢ ꥪ.  -
  砥  ᫥ ꥪ   ன  
࠭⢠ ७ ࠬ஢.   ॡ ⭮
襭 ⥬  ࠢ  (⭮  믮  ਠ⭮
).
      ⢥ ਬ 襭    ᨭ⥧ ᬮਬ -
襭    ᨭ⥧ ᡮન  .   ࣠樨 ᡮન 
    ஡    ᮮ⢥⢨  -
⥩  ந⢥  ⥬,  ⢫饩 ᡮ  ,
 ⨢-孨᪨ ᢮⢠.    ᫥  
࠭ ⠤ ஥஢ ,  ..   祭 -
⮢  ਭ 襭 室 ᫥   ॠ-
樨.    뢠 ࠡ⪮   孮筮  ॣ-
  14.201 " 騥  ࠢ  ᯥ祭  孮筮
権  ".  ᭮  楫  ࠡ⪨  孮筮 -
⨦ ࠧ㬭 ஬  ᢮⢠ ஥㥬 -
    ।⢠ ⨦  楫   ᯫ樨 
᢮⢠ ⮣    ꥪ ந⢠.  ᮡ  
    ਮ⠥  ᫮ ७ ,  ..  ࠤ樮
᪨ ⮤ 襭 ⠭  筮  䥪⨢묨.
  㫨 ⠪: 室 । ਭ樯
 ⢫  ᡮન   ᭮ 饣
孮᪮  ,  㤮⢮饣 ⮢⥫ ।묨
孨-᪨ ⥫ﬨ.
     室 ଠ 砥: ᠭ , ᮤঠ饥 ᢥ-
   樨, 孨᪨ ᫮  ᡮ, ᠭ 孮-
᪮ ,   孨-᪨ ॡ  孮-
᪮    ᡮન.   襭 ⮩    -
짮 室,  ᭮  ᨭ⥧  ⨬쭮    ।
᫥  ᡮ筮 ந⢠. 孨-᪨ ࠪ-
⨪  ᨬ  ᯮ㥬 ⮤ ᨭ⥧   -
।    ⮬⨧஢ ஥஢,  ⠪  -
⥬ ᫥饣  祭 襭.
     騩  ⠪ 室 ⮤   ࠧ訬  ᡮન
।⠢ ᮡ ॠ 䮫᪮ ⮤  ᭮  -
짮 ⨯ 襭  ஢ ⮢   ,  ⠪  
⥬ ᡮન (ᡮ 権  ॣ⮢);   樨 -
 ᡮન  ᮯ⠢         ⮬
⥬, ॠ騬 ᡮ; 롮 ⨬쭮     -
⭮ ᫥;  ᮢ⭮ 襭  ᨭ⥧ ⥬    
ᡮન.
      ᨭ⥧  蠥   ᮢ㯭  ⥬-

                                - 79 -

᪨ ,   ஢  ᡮન  ଠ-
 ਠ ᡮ筮 ந⢠,  ॠ騥  ᡮ  
,  ⠪ ।  ࠪ⨪.   ᨭ⥧, -
饣 蠣,  ⥬ ஢ન 孮᪨ ०, -
ਠ  ᫥⥫쭮 믮 権, ନ -
  롨ࠥ ⨬쭠   ᫥    ᡮ筮
ந⢠.  । ਠ 孮᪨ ०, -
室  ॠ樨  ᮯ殮,  ⮬ ᫥  -
ࠬ ࠥਨ ॣ㫨㥬 ꥪ ᡮ ॣ⮢.

         2.11. ⮬⨧஢ ᡮ ந⢠ .

      ந⢠      ⥫쭮  (ᡮઠ
15-20 %, ᪨ ⠦ - 40-60 %)  饩 㤮 ⮢-
    ।⠢ ⥫ १ 襭  ந-
⥫쭮 㤠,  ⠪   設⢥ 砥   ⮬⨧-
஢.   ஢  ⮬⨧樨    ⮩  ᬥ-
    ᫮ ꥪ⮢ ᡮન;  ࠢ⥫쭮 ᫮ 
ᮢ,  ॡ 筮 ਥ樨 ᮡࠥ ⮢  -
࠭⢥;     ࠧ, ⪨ , -
⠭  㤭㯭 ,    ࠧ  䨣  
ࠧ.
      뤥  㯯  䠪஢,  ᤥন  ⮬⨧
ᡮ ᮢ  ந⢥ :
     1.  孮筮 権      -
⮢;
     2.   䥪⨢ ;
     3. ᮢ襭⢮ ᡮ 設  ᭮  롮.
     ᭮ ॡ 孮筮,  ।塞  樨
  ⮬᪮ ᡮમ:
     1. 室  ꥬ ᡮન  ᪮;
     2. 㭨䨪 ⮢   ᮥ⥫ ࠧ஢;
     3. 稥  ⮢ 孮⥩,    堭᪨
墠, ⭮⥫쭮   ண ਥ஢  ࠭⢥
;
     4. 稥  ᮯ  孮⥩,  ᯥ稢
 ᠬ⠭;
     5. ⠡쭮 ᮯ ࠧ஢;
     6.  ᯮ짮  楫ᮮࠧ  窨 -
 ⮬⨧樨 ⮤ ᮥ.
     ਢ ਬ  ॡ,  ।塞    ஭ 㧫
ண ஢ 쭮.  ᢮  ࠭祭 ᮣ᭮ -
⥫쭮 ⠫ ᫨  ।-⮢⥫ 㧫, -
뢠   ᭮, ⨯  ⨯ࠧ  ஭-
  孨,  ᯮ ᫥  ,   ⠪ ⠭
ࠢ ॣ㫨஢  ஫.  ଠ  - אַ㣮쭠  ࠭-
祭묨 ᨬ묨 ࠧࠬ, ᯮ ஢ - ࠫ-
 ஭ .  ࠭稢:  蠣 न⭮ ⪨,  筮
ᯮ,  ࠧ   ⠦ ⢥⨩, ࠧ ⠪-
 頤, ⨯  ⨯ࠧ   ᥢ묨 뢮; ⨯ ࠭-
஢,  ஢,   ६祪.   ⠭
. 㫨஢ ᮡ࠭ 㧫  ᯥ稢 ⮫쪮 -
⠬ 㧫,    ⮥ 祭  ⮬-
஢ ஫쭮 .
     䥪⨢ 孮᪨ ᮢ    :
     1. 㬥襭 ᭮ ६ ᡮન,  稢  믮-
 ᮡ⢥ 権 ᡮન, ਬ  ⥭ᨢ ;
     2.   ॣ஢   ⨬樥 ⥯ ॣ-

                                - 80 -

஢;
     3. ਬ 㭨஢   楫 ⮬⨧樨  ஥-
஢  ;
     4. ⮬⨧樥 ஫  ࠢ ࠬࠬ ;
     5. 襭 筮, ⠡쭮   .
       業ࠫ ᮢ  ᯥ祭 ᪮
ᮢ⨬  ⮢  ⮬᪮ ᡮથ  ࠧࠡ⪥ -
 ॡ,  ।塞  㤮 ᡮ ᮢ,
ᮡ      ॠ樨   ᫮ ஡孨᪨ ᮢ
(). ⮤ ᯥ祭 ᪮ ᮢ⨬ ⮢ 
ᡮથ ᫥騥:
     1.  塞;
     2.  塞;
     3. ।⥫쭠 ஢ ⮢  㯯 (ᥫ);
     4. ਬ ஢;
     5. 㠫쭠 .
      ᡮ ⠭-⮬⮢ ।  ᭮ ॡ-
:  ᮪ ⠡쭮 ⥪  ⮬᪮ ᡮન
  筮 믮 ᡮ 権.   ஥   
⠦ ⮬⮢      ஬諥 ஡⮢ ᢮
 㭪 㦨 (墠 ,  뤠 ⥫, ⠢
   ᡮન, ⠭  ᯮᮡ ⮬; ᫥ 砭
⠦ - 墠  㤠 ᮡ࠭ 㧫  ᯮᮡ  㪫-
   ).
      ᮧ  ஡⨧஢ ⮬᪮    -
᪨    ࠢ  ,   ஡--
稪  ᢮    ਮ᪮  㧪   ⠭  ᯮᮡ-
-⭨ ࠭ᯮ⭮ ⥬   ਮ᪮ 㧪  -
 㧫  ⠭   .  ஬諥 ᡮ ஡, ᭠-
饭 ᮮ⢥騬 㬥⮬,   믮 ᫥騥 ᭮-
   樨   ᡮન:  -⠢,  -,  ࠧ-
-ࠧ,  ⠭-, ᮢ, ᢨ-ࠧ,
᪫,  ᪫, ᦠ-ࠧ,  , ᢠ, ,
ਥ஢, , .
      ᡮન    ⫨砥  ࠤ樮 ⥬,    
  ⮬⨧஢ 孮᪨  㤮  ()  -
 ஡,   ,  ,   ࠢ, ᯥ稢騥
 筮 樮஢.
       業ࠫ     롮    -
। 易⥩  ஡⮬  ࠤ樮묨 ।⢠  -
⨧஢  ᡮન  (ᡮ 㤮,  ⮢⥫ﬨ,  -
-࠭ᯮࠬ  㣨 ᯮ⥫ 㤮).
     㣮   祩  ஢ 㭪樮஢ .
 ᪮쪮 ஢ 襭 ⮩ :
     1. ᯮ⥫ -  ஬ ⢫ ᨭ⥧  -
  쥢  -஡   ࠢ ࠡ⮩  ᯮ-
⥫ 堭;
     2. ⠪᪨ -  ஬ । ࠬ, ࠪਧ-
騥 孮᪨ ० ᡮ 権,  믮塞 ;
     3.   ⥣᪮ ஢ ନ  ᡮ -
権,  । 冷  믮,    ⥫
  (ࢨ᭮ 㤮)  ,  믮騥 -
⥯ (ᮯ騥 樨);
     4.   襬  ஢    न樨 ⢨
⮢   ⥬ ᡮ筮 ஬諥 ஡;  -
 ࠡ    ஥஢  ᡮન,  ॠ-
 .


                                - 81 -

          2.12. 孮᪠ ⮢ ந⢠ ,
          ᭮ ,   ࠢ ࣠樨.
         ⮬⨧஢ ⥬ ⮢ ந⢠.

     孮᪠ ⮢ ந⢠ () - ᮢ㯭 ᮢ-
६ ⮤ ࣠樨, ࠢ  襭 孮᪨ -
  ᭮ ᭮ ⠭⨧樨, ⮬⨧樨, --
⥬᪨   । 孮᪮ ᭠饭.  -
   ⥬ 孮᪮ ⮢ ந⢠.  ⠭-
  ⠭ 騥 ࠢ  ࣠樨    ஢
 ࠢ ந⢮,  ।ᬠਢ ப ਬ
ணᨢ , ⠭⭮ 孮᪮ ᭠⪨  㤮,
। 堭樨  ⮬⨧樨 ந⢥ ᮢ  -
୮-孨᪨  ࠢ᪨ ࠡ.
     ᢮ ᪠        । ࣠樥
ࠡ  㦡,   .
     ᭮  :  । ⠢, ꥬ  ப 믮-
 ࠡ  ࠧ;  ⨬쭮 ᫥⥫쭮-
  樮쭮 ⠭ ࠡ.  ⠢ ,  ᡮ
  ⠫ ।  ࠧ, । 㤮-
    ਠ  ,  ஥ 孮᪨  
।⢠ ᭠饭.
      ࠧ,  㭪樨  墠뢠   ࠡ,  -
  ᮧ  ୨樥 ꥪ ந⢠,  ࣠-
樮-孨᪨ ,  ࠧࠡ⪮   孮᪨
ᮢ   । 孮᪮ ᭠饭,  । -
  㤮  ଠ⨢,  ࠧࠡ⪮    ந⢥
.
       믮 ࠡ        ਧ-
.    ਮ  ⢨     ࠧ  ᯥ⨢
(ப ॠ樨 3-5 ),  ⥪ ( ।   ᢮ -
  )    ⨢  (襭  ⥪饣 ந⢠).
ꥪ⮬    ᭮  ᯮ⥫쭮 ந⢮.
       ⠯ :
     1. ஢.   ஢   ᮧ-
  (㬥樨) ꥪ ந⢠,  ஬ ⭮
,  騥 ⮢୮ த樥 ।,   , -
ॡ塞  । (孮᪠ ᭠⪠, ।⢠ -
樨  ⮬⨧樨 ந⢠  ..).   襭 ⮩ 
    ⠯ ஢  ᮧ   ᪮
ଠ樨,  ⮬⨧  ४஢, ᮧ 樮 -
   業 ࠬ஢ ਭ 孨᪨ 襭,   ⠪
। ⮬⨧樨 ᪨  ᪨ ࠡ.    
⠯  蠥   ண஢ ࠧ 孮.  祭
। 㡥  ⢥     孮  
⮢ ४権   ᯮ짮.  ஢ 
᫥   孮᪨ 襭.   ࠡ  -
 孮᪨   ﬨ .
     2. ࠡ⪠ 孮᪨ ᮢ.   ⠯  -
 㤮 ⠯ .   ⠯ 蠥  ࠧࠡ-
 孮᪨ ᮢ,   ⠪ ⥬ ࣠樨  ந-
⢥ .  㭪樥  ࠧࠡ⪨   -
᪠ ᥡ⮨  ᯥ祭  ꥬ ᪠  
⢠ 室 த樨.  ⢥ । 孮᪨
奬 室   ਠ 孮,    ᯥ稢
 ᥡ⮨ ᪠ த樨  拉 孮-
  ࣠樮 ࠬ஢.
     ꥪ⠬ ࠢ ᬠਢ 㭪権  樨

                                - 82 -

,  孮  ⮢  ࣠  ந⢠.  
祭 樨  ᭮ 祩  ࠡ⪠ -
樨   孮筮.  騥  孮    ஢
孮᪨  ஫ 㬥樨,  業 ஢ 孮筮
樨 , ࠡ 樨   孮筮,
業  ᭨ ਠ  㤮   ந⢥  
襭 ஢ 孮筮.
     ⠭⨧ 孮᪨ ᮢ. 㯯 ⨯樨  
஢  ⨢ ᮡ⥩ ⠫,  ᡮ 
  ⮢,  饭 १⮢   ⮢ ४-
権   ⠭⨧樨, ࠧࠡ ⨯ 孮᪨ ᮢ
, ନ஢ ᪨ 䮭 㬥樨  .
     㯯஢ .  ࠧ 㯯 ࠡ⪨  -
   筥 ࠭ 䨪樮 㯯 ⠫,  ᡮ-
 , ࠧࠡ 㯯 .
     孮᪮ ᭠饭.  ᪮   孮᪮
᭠⪨  㭨䨪樥  ⠭⨧樥  ।  孮-
᪮ ᭠饭,  㤮 ਣ ᭠  -
 孮᪮ ஫  ஥஢  ᪠   ந-
⢮,  ।  ॡ   㭨ᠫ쭮   ࠧࠡ뢠 
 ⠫  ᡮ .  ஥஢    ᭠饭  ࠡ
  ஢  ᮣ᭮ 㯯  ⨯ 孮᪨ -
ᠬ.
     業 ஢  孮.  ࠧ  ᮢ⭮  
孮 । । ஢ 孮    ।-
⨨,  ⠭  ᭮  ࠢ    襭 ஢
孮  ।⨨.
     ࠡ⪠ . 孮᪮   ࠧࠡ뢠   -
襭 騥     孨᪮ ஫
⮢,  ⠫, ᡮન  ⠭ ⠢ ⥩   -
, ஢ ४஢ .
     ஥஢ । ᯥ樠쭮 孮᪮ ᭠⪨. -
᪨   ந 롮 ਠ⮢ ᯥ樠쭮 孮-
᪮ 㤮,  ᪠ ஬諥,    砥 -
⢨ ࠧࠡ뢠    ஥஢.     ⢫
஥஢   ᯥ樠쭮  㬥,  ᯮᮡ,  ⠬,
  㣮 ᭠⪨.
     ନ஢ 室 ᮢ.  㯯 ଠ⨢  ࠧࠡ-
뢠  ⠫쭮-樮      㤠  ᯥ祭
ਬ 孨᪮ ᭮  ६  믮  -
権. 㯯 ⮨ ଠ⨢ ⢫ ࠧࠡ ⠫쭮
⮨   堬.
     ࣠  ࠢ ᮬ .  㯯  -
।  ⠫  ᡮ     ᯥ樠-
묨 孮᪨ ,   㧪   ,  ਭ
襭   樨,  ⢫ ஫  믮 ⠯
ࠡ  .
     襭⢮ ࣠樨    砥  ࠧࠡ⪥ -
ࠧﬨ  㪮 ਠ,  , ⠭⮢, ࣠-
樮-⮤᪨   㬥⮢    ଠ⨢,  ॣ
㭪樨 .
      ந⢠      ᮤঠ  ⨬  襭 
⮫쪮  ᯥ祭 孮筮 ,    ஢ -
   ⥬ ந⢠,  ᫮ ᫥騬 襭
孮筮  襭 䥪⨢ .  ⮬ ᮢ६-
    ᫮     ⮬⨧஢  ࣠᪠
⠢  .
        ।  ।  孮᪮ ᭠饭

                                - 83 -

  ᭨ ᫥⥫쭮   ᮤঠ  ࠡ    ᯥ祭
孮筮 権 .
     孮᪮ ᭠饭 砥:  孮᪮ 㤮
( ⮬ ᫥ ஫쭮  ⥫쭮); 孮 ᭠ (
⮬ ᫥ 㬥  ।⢠ ஫); ।⢠ 堭樨  -
⮬⨧樨 ந⢥ ᮢ.
     孮᪮ 㤮 -  㤨 ந⢠,  
  믮  ।   ࠧ ਠ (⮢-
),  ।⢠ ⢨     室 筨  -
.
     孮᪠ ᭠⪠ -  㤨 ந⢠, 塞 
孮᪮ 㤮  믮 ।  .
     ।⢠ 堭樨 -  㤨 ந⢠,    筮
 筮    設  ࠭  -
  ࠢ 設.
     ।⢠ ⮬⨧樨  - 㤨 ந⢠,    㭪樨
ࠢ । 設  ਡࠬ.
     ⠢ 㤮  ᭠⪨ 롨ࠥ  (  室-
)  ஥  ᨬ  孮᪮  ⮢-
  ( ⮢⥫쭮, 堭ࠡ뢠饣, 좠᪮
 筮 ⨩  ᡮ).
      ⥫ ࠡ 㤮,  孮᪮ ᭠⪨
 ࠢ쭮  롮  ⥯ ᯮ짮  ⠭
  ᭠⪨    ⤥      ࠧࠡ⠭ .
㤮  ᭠ ᫥ 롨  ந⥫쭮,  ⮣
㤥 ᯥ祭 樮쭮 ᯮ짮   ६.
      ஢ ࠡ⪨ 樨     孮筮
( ᮮ⢥⢨    14.201 " 騥 ࠢ ᯥ祭 孮-
 権 ") ᫥ 뢠:
     -  ,  ⥯    ᫮, ᫮ ⮢-
, 孨᪮ 㦨  ६,  ⠪ ⠦  ।-
-⮢⥫;
     - ᯥ⨢ ,  ꥬ  ᪠;
     - ।   ।-⮢⥫  㣨 ।⨩ 
 ந⢮,   ᮪ந⥫ ⮤  -
 ⮢.
      ᮧ  ⮬⨧஢ ⥬ 孮᪮ -
⮢ ந⢠ ()  ᪮७  ᮢ襭⢮ -
᪮  ⮢ ந⢠ ()   ⥬᪨ -
⮤, ⨬樨 ᮢ ஥஢  ࠢ  ਬ
ᮢ६ । ᫨⥫쭮  ࣠樮 孨.  ⥬-
 ᯮ짮 ।  ⮬⨧樨  ୮-孨᪨  ࠡ
ᯥ稢  ⨬쭮  ⢨  ,  設 ணࠬ 
孨᪨ । ⮬⨧樨  믮 㭪権 孮-
 ⮢ ந⢠.  ࠡ⪠  ७  ॡ -
 ࠧ⮩ ⠭⨧樨, ଠ樨  㭨䨪樨 権 
⨢  ⮢ 孮᪮ ᭠饭,  孮᪨
ᮢ,  ᫨⥫쭮  ࣠樮 孨   ⥬-
 ᯥ祭.     㯮冷  ॣ஢ 
 ,  믮   ਭ樯쭮  ᭮:
     - ⥬,  ஥騥 ,  -  ᭮ ;
     - ⥬,  騥 ᯥ樠쭮 孮᪮ ᭠-
 (),  -  ᭮ ;
     - ⥬ ࠢ  -  ᭮ ;
     - ⥬ ⮢  -    .
     ᪨ 䥪    ਬ  砥   
᭨ 㤮 ᠬ  ஥஢,  ⠪     
ᯮ짮 १ࢮ  孮᪨  (ਬ,   

                                - 84 -

襭 ⢠ ;  㬥襭 室 㬥⮢; 㬥-
 稭 室; ⨬樨 ਭ 襭  ன -
ਠ,  ० ࠡ⪨, । ਯ᪮  .).
       ( 饬 砥)  ᫥騥 :
     - ࠡ    孮筮;
     -  ନ஢  ⮢ ;
     - ஥஢ 孮᪮ ᭠⪨  㬥;
     - ஥஢ ⮢ ந⢥  ⥬;
     - ࠧࠡ  ࠢ 孮᪨ ணࠬ  㤮-
  ;
     - ࠧࠡ ࠢ ணࠬ (横ࠬ)  㤮 
ணࠬ ࠢ;
     - ᯥ祭  ⮬⨧஢  ଠ樮  㦨
짮⥫ (  뤠 ଠ樨   䨫쬠  짮-
;     뤠 ଠ樨 ;  ᯥ祭 짮⥫ 
ନ 㭪⮢);
     - ⢫  ⮬⨧஢  ࠢ  孮᪮
⮢ ந⢠  (  ,  ஫  믮-
 ,  ଠ⨢,    ॡ⥩).
      襭     ( 饬 砥)  -
 饣 祭:
     - ᪮-ଠ樮 ;
     - ⥬ ନ஢ 室   㣨  ⮬⨧-
஢ ⥬  ⥬.

