                       ன⢠ 
              ன⢠     ன⢠,।⢮
            ଠ    .    
         ।祭 - ॠ뢠 ⢨  設.  -
         ࠧ ᪠ ன  த 楫 孮-
           易  ᮢ.    ࠡ  ࠧ-
          ਭ樯,   ।  ॠ樨  
          -    짮⥫ 易  ᢮ -
         ஬.
               ன⢮     設⢠  
         ⥬   .      ,     ⥬
         ᯮ   ᬮ  ਭ 祫-
          ,  饥      
         .
              IBM ࠧࠡ⠫,   ࠩ  ,  ᥬ  ࠧ-
         ⥩   ᢮ ᮭ ஢. 
         ⨯   ᯮ짮   樨  
         .  뫨 ࠧࠡ⠭  PCjr,   ⨢ 
          ᫥ -  PC 3270.  㣨 ⨯ ⫨ 
         ᮡ ⮫쪮  ᯮ  .   ᫥  -
          ୨ ᢮ .
              ⭮ 砫   ⨯ ,  ।-
           PC XT.  ᬮ  ⨪ ,  ࠧ-
         ⪠ ⠢ ⠭⮬ IBM  १樨 .  -
          83 .  鸞 㭪樮  ᯮ
         ⨪쭮, ᫥    䠢⭮-஢ -
         .  ࠢ  뫨 ᮢ饭   ⤥묨
         ஢묨 蠬.     뫠   樮
         뤥 ⮩ ५.   뫠 ।ᬮ७ 
             ॣ,  ஢
         㦥/஢   ஢ ᬮ.
               ⨪  諠   ᯮ -
         ਩ . 㭪樮쭠 , ᯮ 
          ,  ᮮ⢥⢮ 砬  ᬮ ࠭
         ࠭,   뫮 ⮣ ਭ. ⮪ ஢
         த 讥  ⢮         
         ,  ⠪  㪢  ⠫  ய-
         .
              ᫥ ᪮쪨    ⨪   IBM   ࠧࠡ⠫   
         ।⠢        .  
         뫠 .    뫠 ᭠ ᯥ樠쭮 襩,
         ।祭   짮⥫᪮  ᯮ짮.
           ⠫ .   ᯥ稢 室-
          .
                ⢨⥫쭮 騥   
         㡮.   ਬ     뫠 ண-
         ࠬ㥬.  뫮 뤥  ᢮  ᮡ⢥  ⢮
         .      㯠  業ࠫ쭮 .
           䠪    ᮢ⨬   
         .   ᯮ        ࠧ쥬,  
         PC/XT  㤥 ࠡ   祭     
         -    ᬮ ࠡ,  ᫨  㤥 -
         祭    .
                          襭  IBM
                ந⢮ ୨஢ , IBM -
          ᪠  ⨯ ,  IBM 襭
         .   ⠫ 뢠  ७ -
         ன.       ᪨   ᮢ-
         ⨬  ᢮ ।⢥楩 (⠢  ᮢ⨬
            ), ᯮ    뫮  .
         ᮢ襭⢮ 뫨  㢥祭 ᫠  .  
         饥 ⢮ 101,  ᮮ⢥ ⠭ .
               㭠த      .
         ⥫ 祩 뫮 ᪮쪮.   ࠢ
         ஬ 뫨 த㡫஢,      ⢮  뫮
         뤥   ⤥ 㯯.     㭪樮-
           - F11  F12.   㭪樮 -
          ६⨫   ᠬ 孨  ,  ᫥
         ⤥  䠢⭮-஢ .   Caps  Lock
         﫠    CTRL.
              ᯮ㥬 ᯮ  㭪樮쭮   
         । 짮⥫ﬨ ࠧ  ᫥  
         .   ᯮ ᮮ⢥⢮    祩
          ࠭.  ᠬ  ஭ ⠪ ஢ -
          ᪮ 㡥  ⮬,    ਠ 
          㤮, ᮡ  室  
         㭪樮 祩  Ctrl  Alt.   뫮 
         ᤥ  㪮, ᥩ 室 .
               ⮣,   ᯮ 祩  
         ஬   ࠡ.       
         樨  ய᪠  ன ࠡ.   -
         砫,       室  -
         ⠭⮢, 祬  ᨮ 設⮪.   ⨪
            ᪮॥ ᥣ ᨮ,   뫨 
         ,  ᨫ ᯮ 㪢  䠢⭮ -
         .
                                PS/2
               PS/2 ᯮ 㭨ᠫ 襭 -
          IBM   㬥襭  ࠧ஢,  ᯥ樠쭮
         ࠧࠡ⠭  筮 .
              ⢥ ⫨稥 襭  PS/2  XT/AT
         -  ࠧ쥬 砥 .  PS/2 ᯮ ⮩
          DIN ࠧ쥬,    ⠭⭮  DIN  ࠧ쥬
          //.        
           IBM  ४⭮ 祭  襩 -
          ⥬.
                      ᮢ⨬ ஢
              ந⥫ ᮢ⨬   諨    IBM  -
         ஢ ᢮   騬 ⠭⠬.  -
          ந⥫, ⨢ ⨪ ᯮ 
           IBM,  ࠫ  ᢮   
         ன⢮.      -
          ॡ  ᠭ  "⢥ ६饭
         " .   ⢥ 襭 뫮 ந -
          ந⥫ ᮢ⨬ ஢ -  ⠭
            ४⥫ ᮢ⨬.
                ⮣  ४⥫    
         ᪨ ࠬ  ᮥ  祭  /
          .  ࠧ ⠪   ᯮ짮
           ⨯ ⥬.

                                     

                  ।⠢ ᠬ -
            ਡ⮬.  ⮬  ⮬,  -
         䥩 DOS  OS/2   訡,  讥 -
         ⢮ 짮⥫ .
               ८  ⪮ 뫮 ࠧࠡ⠭ -
         ᪮ ࠢ  짮⥫᪮ 䥩.  
         ࠧࠡ⪠ த   ᯥ樠쭮  㪠뢠饥  ன⢮,
          ⠭ ண    1957    1977  .
         ன⢮ 﫮  짮⥫  롨  㭪樨 ,
         뢠  ६饭  ॡ஬ 㭪権  ࠭. -
            ᪮쪮  ,  ᯮ ᢥ ⮣ -
         ன⢠, 﫨 짮⥫ 㪠  ᢮ -
         .
              ன⢮ 뫮 쭮     -
              ᯮ   栬.
         祭 ந ᯥ樠 ,   -
          ன 室⢮     墮⮬.   -
          ६饭   ᮮ⢥饣  ॡ  㭪権
          ࠡ⠫ ନ "஢ ".   ࠧ 
         ६ ࠪ⨪ -  ,  ᯮ㥬 孮-
           ⨯ ᮥ ன⢠  業ࠫ .
                                  
               ࢮ砫쭮  ଥ  ன⢥ 뫠  .
         ॡ 㭪権 । ६饭  ,    롮
         㭪樨 ந室 ⮫쪮   ,   
          砩 ᪠      ॡ  㭪権
         .
                  ॠ  ⮫쪮  -
            ன⢠.    ࠡ   
         ⮬ 砥 砥  ।      -
            .    ,  ⠢ 
           ॠ ࠢ ஬.
                 㢥稢  ⥬. -
         ,    ᯮ짮  ᪠  㭪樨,
              ⬥.   ᪨ ⥬  
         몫 ᢥ⮢ ࠭,   -  .
               直  ᮬ,        㢥
          ணࠬ஢. ,  㣮 ஭, 㢥祭
          㢥稢 室⢮ ன⢠  ன, -
           ⪨ ᫥.  ⮬    ४
         ᯮ짮 ன⢠  訬 ⢮ .
              ࠪ᪨    ࠧ㬭 ।, -
         ⮬     㪠⥫쭮,  ।, -
         ﭭ 栬     ६,   让  -
          ᯮ    ६饭    㤥ঠ  
         . 設⢮  ᭠    
         .    - 媭 .    
         砥,    ⪠뢠  媭  -
         ன.       ᠬ,    媭
         ,    .   設⢠ ਫ -
          筮  .

                              堭᪨ 
                     堭  .  
         ᯮ짮 쪨 ,   㯠 १ 
         孮 ன⢠    頫    ६饭
          孮.  ४⥫   ।﫨 -
         饭  ࠢ  .
                    ࠢ,  ।-
          ⮫쪮  ࠢ.  樨  
         ࠢﬨ   媮न⭮  ⥬.  ६饭  
             ࠢ     -
         . ᫥ 宦    ⮣  ⭮  ﭨ
         ନ ᯥ樠 ᨣ  業ࠫ쭮 .
              堭᪠  ࠪ᪨  ࠡ   
         孮.         栬 ( 
         ⮬ 砥  ஡  ⨥  ).  ,  
         㣮 ஭, 堭᪮  ॡ - -
         ࠭⢮ (      ,     筮
          ਭ 㦠騬).
               ஬ ⮣,  堭᪨  ᢮⢥  
         .   ⥭  ᮡ࠭ 裡,  ਢ-
           㬥襭     㭪樮஢.  ⮬
          ன⢮  室  ਮ᪨ ,   
           ࠡ⠥  ⮩ 孮 ⮫.

                               ᪠ 
              ୠ⨢ 堭᪮      ᪠
         .   ᫥  ன⢥    饣  ਪ
         ᯮ  ᢥ, ᪠騩 न , -
         ᥭ  ᯥ樠 .   ⠪ 堭-
           । .  ⢨  ⥩ 
         ⠪ ன⢥ 蠥  .
               ୠ   ᪠           MSC
         Corporation.  ன⢠ ⮩  ᯮ  
         LED  ⮤⥪஢, ⠭   ⥭. -
            ਥ஢   㣫  ⭮襭  -
         .   ४뢠騬 ⢮  ⮩  
         㡮 न ⮪.    LED  ⮤⥪-
         ஢ ।    ࠢ   宦-
          १ ᮮ⢥騥 ᪨ ⪨. 樠쭮 ⨥
          ⥭  砥 ᪮즥  ⮩ -
          .
              訬 ⪮ ᪮   室-
          ᯮ짮  ᯥ樠 .    ஭,
               ,  ன⢮ 㤥 -
         . ,   㣮 ஭, ⠪   -
           ன⢮ ⠥ ࠡ.   ᠬ ⨪-
          ⨥  ०.   ଠ ᫮
         ᮢ६ ᮢ ᪨  ࠡ   .
              






