 3
                      

             1. ᭮  

      ⥬  ࠧ   ᭮ ⥩, 㭪樨 -
    ⪮ ᬮਬ  ⮬ ࠧ.  ࢠ  - 
⥬ BIOS  .   ⥬ ⠢   IBM/PC    
ᯮ짮  樮 ⥬. 㭪 BIOS   -
  㦨 ᭮   㭤⠫ 権 -
.  ᪮ ⥬ BIOS    IBM/PC  "஥" 
,     ⮫쪮 ⠢  ,   ⠢
  樮 ⥬ IBM/P.
        - "㧮筠 " ᪥.  㧮筠 
-  祭 ⪠   ணࠬ,  室  ࢮ ᥪ
 ᪥.  㭪 ⮩ ணࠬ 砥  ᪥  
㧪 樮 ⥬ ᫥ 祭   १-
 (  CTRL-Alt-Del).  㧮筠  뢠  
  樮  ⥬       㧪
.
     騥          ।⠢  ᮡ  ᪮  䠩
IBMBIO.COM  IBMDOS.COM.    㦠   㧮筮
      ६ ࠡ , ⠪  ஢ 
 ࠧ稥 쭮 㤭.  IBMBIO.COM ।⠢ ᮡ -
塞      ⥬  BIOS  .  稭  ᨨ 2.00 䠩
IBMBIO.COM   㣨 ﬨ,  뢠묨 ᨬ묨
ࠩࠬ ன,    ஡ ᬮਬ ᪮쪮 .
⥬ BIOS  ,  IBMBIO.COM  ࠩ ன,   -
ࠧ "䨧᪨" ஢ 樮 ⥬.
      IBMDOS.COM ॠ ᭮ 㣨  .    "᪨"
஢ /뢮 樮 ⥬.
       䠩  "묨" ⥬묨 䠩.    
䠩     ᪠, 뢠   DIR. -
  㭪権 IBMBIO.COM 砥  㧪     -
樮 ⥬.
       -    ᪮  䠩  COMMAND.COM.    㭪
COMMAND.COM 砥  ࠡ⪥ ,  짮⥫. -
 ,  騥 ७,  ⠪  TYPE, COPY  DIR 䠪-
᪨ ॠ ணࠬ COMMAND.COM.  ⢥ COMMAND.COM ࠧ-
   :   ⠭  IBMDOS.COM,     -
஬ ⥫ .
       ᫥   ⮨   譨 , ⠪
  FORMAT   DISKCOPY.  㭪樨   ࠧ  ॠ騥 
ணࠬ 㦠   ⮫쪮  砥 室.  ⫨稥
 ⠫  ⥩ ,   ⥫쭢 ணࠬ  -
 ⥣ࠫ쭮 ⠢饩 ,     ⠢    
.     ⥫ ணࠬ, ਬ, FORMAT, -
⮫쪮 ,     ࠪ᪨ .
     譨   १묨 ﬨ , ᪮ 
 室   ﭭ.  IBMBIO.COM, IBMDOS.COM  ࠩ-
  ⮩  室   ﭭ  ࠧ १ 
.  COMMAND.COM  뤥  ⤥ ⥣  --
 ⠢ ,   祬   . 㧮筠 
ᯮ ⮫쪮 ६  ⮬    १⭮  
.   ᫥  ࠧ   ஡ ᬮਬ  
⥩ .


                                     - 2 -
                2. ⥬ BIOS  

     ࢠ    -  BIOS     ⥬  /-
,  ࠧ  ﭭ .  ⥬ ᯥ稢 -
   㭨ᠫ 㣨 樮 ⥬,  易 
⢫ /뢮.
     ⥬ BIOS ᯮ   稭   FE00    FFFF,
ࠧ  ᫥ ⥯ .
     ᪮ BIOS     IBM/PC,    
⮫쪮  ⮬ 砥,    ࣠ ⭠ ॠ-
 ⥬.   ⢥ ⠢  IBM/PC, ⥬ BIOS   -
     ⥩ ,    樮 -
⥬ IBM/PC.
     ⥬ BIOS     ⮨  ᪮쪨 ⥩,  設⢮ 
 ।⠢ ᮡ ணࠬ (⠫ -      ⠡
,    ᬮਬ  ᫥ ). ணࠬ ⥬
BIOS,  믮 ࢮ, ।⠢ ᮡ  㭪樮-
.
      ணࠬ    譨 ன⢠, 祭 
IBM/PC,  ⮫쪮 㤥 祭 ⠭ .  ⮩ ண-
ࠬ ।  প,      祭 -
⠭  㧪 樮 ⥬.   訩 ꥬ  -
祭  襬 ,  ⥬  믮 , ᪮ -
 ⥫쭮 楤ன  楤 ન .
       BIOS,   믮  ணࠬ -
᪠ 樮 ⥬,  -  ணࠬ 맮 稪 -
 ⥬.  ணࠬ ஢, 祭  ᪮  
᪠    뢠  ᪥ "㧮 ".  ᫥ 뢠
㧮筮  ணࠬ ᪠ ।  ࠢ,  ⮡ 
⠫ ⠢訥  樮 ⥬.
     ᫨  ⥬  ᪮   뢠 㧮筮 
ந諠 訡,  ணࠬ ᪠ BIOS । ࠢ -
 ⥬ .  ᫨   IBM/PC,   ⠭  ᪥  
᪮,    㢨,  砫 ࠡ ணࠬ ⥬ .
       㦥 ᠭ ⥩ - ⮭  㭪殭஢-
  ணࠬ ᪠,  ⥬ BIOS   ᮤন ⢮  㣨
ணࠬ  - ।⠢   訩 .   室
ணࠬ 㦨 ᥣ  ⠭⭮  ਩  㤮
IBM/PC.    ணࠬ 믮 ᭮ 㭪樨 ࠢ -
ன,  ᯫ, ᪥⠬, ᨭ஭ ஬ 裡, ன⢮ -
   䥩ᮬ. ⮩  ⨬ ணࠬ  室-
 , ⮡  ᯮ짮   IBM/PC.

     3. 砫쭠 㧪 - 㧮筠 

     㧮筠  室  ᪠ . ਭ樯 ᯮ짮-
 㧮筮  ॠ ࠪ᪨   . -
㧮筠  ᮤন  室     뢠  
᪠ ᭮ ⥩ 樮 ⥬.
      ᪥ IBM/PC  祭 ⠭,   ⨥  
Ctrl-Alt-Del, 楤 ᪠ ⥬ BIOS   뢠  -
 ᪥,  ⠭  ᪮   頥     ⠭
  ,     31744  700 (⭠筮).  ᫥
뢠 㧮筮  BIOS ।  ࠢ, 믮 -
室   31744.   㧮筠   த -
㧪 樮 ⥬.
     ᭮ 祭  㧮筮    砥 
 㧪 䠩 IBMBIO.COM  IBMDOS.COM. 㧮筠   ࠧ-
  ⠭⭮  ᥪ  ᪥,  512 ,   筮 
᫮ ணࠬ.   饭 ࠡ  ⮩  ணࠬ,    䠩,

                                     - 3 -
IBMBIO.COM   IBMDOS.COM,  ࠧ  । ﭭ 
 ᪥.   ணࠬ 㧪  室 ᪠ 
 ࠢ筨 ᪥.
     ⨬, ,  "⥬" ᪥ ⫨砥  筮 -  ,
  ।  ,  室    ⥬  䠩 IBMDOS.COM 
IBMBIO.COM.  ⮬   ८ࠧ  ᪥  -
⥬ - ,  १ࢨ஢  ⥬ 䠩,   -
 㣨 䠩.
      㧮筠 ணࠬ  ⮫ ᮢ襭, ⮡ ⢫
 ⥬ 䠩,     ᯮᮡ ஢ ࠢ쭮  
祭  ࠢ筨.  ᪮  ⥬ 䠩 祭  -
筨 ᪥,   饭   ࠭,  ⠪      㣨
ᯮᮡ  㯠  ⠭ ਡ⮢ ⮣  ⥬ 䠩.
( ᫥饩   ᭨,  ⠪   ⥬ 䠩).
       裡    ⮩    ,  ணࠬ  㧪
 ⭮⥫쭮 ⠡쭮  ⠢    .  
ॡ    ,         ࠧ   
⮯ ⥬ 䠩,   ந諮   
প ஭ ᪥  ᨨ  1.10.

                    4. IBMBIO.COM

        ⥬ 䠩,  IBMBIO.COM, ।祭  -
 㭪権 ⥬ BIOS  .   BIOS  ,  ⠪  IBMBIO.COM
  㦨  権 /뢮  㦨 -
ன,    ᠬ.  㭪 । ࠡ ࠧ
஡⥩, 易  㭪樮஢ ன /뢮. -
  砥 㦥 訡   ࠢ,    ணࠬ
 ᫮.
     ணࠬ IBMBIO.COM ⫨ ⥬,      ,
祣  ᪠  ணࠬ BIOS  .  IBMBIO.COM ।-
祭  襭  ,      ⥬
BIOS   .  ࢠ  砥  ன  㦤 ⭮
樮 ⥬, .
        IBMBIO.COM 砥  ࠢ  訡 
BIOS  ,  ᫨  ⮬  室.  ணࠬ,  
⥬ BIOS,  ஢ 祭 ⥫쭮,   ࠧ饭   
᪠ ࠢ.  ᫨ 訡      㦥  
BIOS,   㤥 ࠢ ⥬ ᥭ ᮮ⢥ 
 IBMBIO.COM.    ⥬  ஢  뢠  ⠪
ࠧ,  ⮡ ࠢ  饭   BIOS ᭠砫 -
  IBMBIO.COM,   㦥 ⥬  BIOS.  襭  맮  楤
⥬ BIOS   ᥣ । ᯮ짮 뢠, 
 室  ᠬ .  ᭮ 稭 ᯮ짮 -
  ࠧ  ⮨  ᯥ祭 ⥩ 墠 ࠢ
 楤 BIOS,  ,  ⨢ 砥, ⠪   
⢮ .
      ,     BIOS, ,   
蠥  IBMBIO.COM,  砥  㦨  ਩ -
ன,  ⠪  ⪨ ᪨ 让  ,    쬨
(203) ᪥,   ,     ⥭ ன,  
  祭  IBM/PC.      ன⢮  /뢮
砥  IBM/PC,  㦨  ணࠬ   
䠩 IBMBIO.COM   ७,   室  奬
,   ࠧ頥 ⥬ BIOS.
       ࠭    祭  ன⢠ 
⥬  ।  ᥭ   IBMBIO.COM ,  ,  
㣨 ⥬ ணࠬ .     ᫨誮 ᫮    ⠪
  ""  "", ⠪    ᨫ-

                                     - 4 -
  짮⥫, ஬ ॡ  ⥫쭮 -
  ᢮ ⥬.
     ᪮    ன   -
⠢   ᫮  ᯥ  뭪,  楤 祭
㦨 ணࠬ   뫠 饭,  稭   ᨨ 2.00.
  ࠢ   ᫥ ᪠ ⥬ । IBMBIO.COM,
 ஢,  室   ᪥ 䠩 䨣樨 ⥬.  ᫨
䠩 䨣樨 ,  뢠  ,   -
  ࠬ஢ ⥬.
      䠩 䨣樨    ணࠬ 㦨-
 ன,  室   BIOS.    ண-
ࠬ 㦠      IBMBIO.COM.   奬 -
砥   ன,     쭮,  
ࠣ ⥬ 䠩 .
      ࠢ,   ணࠬ, ࠡ  IBM/PC, 㤥 ᯮ-
   BIOS  .  ,     ண-
ࠬ 室 뢠 ᮡ 㦨 権 /뢮. -
 IBMBIO.COM ।⠢ ᮡ ᪮ 䠩,   -
,    ࠧࠡ  IBMBIO.COM,  ஥   
  㦤.  ਬ ⠪ ன     -
᪨ ணࠬ.

                    5. IBMDOS.COM

      樮  ⥬      ,  IBMBIO.COM   
IBMDOS.COM   ࠧ  ,   ᯥ  -
⭮   ,    騬   ஢,
ࠡ  ࠢ .
     㦥 楤 ,   । ⥯ ந쭮, ࠧ-
   ,   뢠   ᮡ⢥ 뢠,  
,   ࠧ 饥 뢠  (  33,  ⭠筮
祭 21).  ନ , ࢠ 㯯 뢠 뢠ﬨ
,   - 맮 㭪権.      맮 ᯮ-
 ணࠬ 뢠,  祬  ⮩  稭,    -
 ணࠬ BIOS:  ᯥ祭 쭮.
      뢠   32  63 (⭠ 祭  20
 3F) १ࢨ஢  ᯮ짮 . ᯮ ⮫쪮 
 뢠,   ⠫ ᯥ稢  쭥襣 -
७. ணࠬ 㦨 뢠   ⥭  
ᥪ஢ ᪥,   ஫  訡   ﬨ -
 Ctrl-Break.
     맮 㭪権  ᯥ稢,  ᭮, ஬ ஢
㦨 権 /뢮.  ⢥ ਬ஢  㯮
  ,  뢮  ࠭ ᯫ, /뢮  ᨭ-
஭  裡  뢮  .  ।ᬮ७  ⠪  ᪨
樨   ᪥ - ⨥  ⨥ 䠩,    ࠢ筨
䠩,  㤠  ᮧ 䠩, ⥭   .  -
 ᯥ稢 ࠪ᪨   樨,   
ॡ ணࠬ  ࠡ  䠩  묨,  ࠭騬  
䠩, ⠪ ⮡ ணࠬ  室 ᠬ⥫쭮 ஢뢠
 ࠢ筨, ⠡ ࠧ饭 䠩  ..
         㦥 楤  ⥭ᨢ ᯮ
ணࠬ  ᮪ ஢ .  ਬ,  楤  ᪠  
ࠢ筨 ᯮ  DIR  COPY.  ஬ ⮣,  ᯮ-
 ஬   ᪠ ணࠬ 䠩.   ࠧ
4.9 㤥 ᬮ७  ᯨ᮪ 㦥 楤 .

      6.  COMMAND.COM  ७ 


                                     - 5 -
      ⠢  ,  䠩 COMMAND.COM,   
 ⥩,   窨 ७  ,   ।⠢-
 짮⥫,  ⠪   窨 ७ ਭ樯  㭪樮஢.
COMMAND.COM  ᪮쪮 㭪権.  ० ᥣ,   " -
",  砥    㭪樨  , ࠥ-
  ,  । 쭥 ⢨.
       ७ ,  ⠪  DIR, COPY, TYPE, REM
  PAUSE,    訢  砩  楤,  "஥"   
COMMAND.COM, ⠪    믮 .
     ⮡ ᯮ ७ , COMMAND.COM ᮤন ⠡-
  . ᫨ ᬮ 䠩 COMMAND.COM,   㢨 
 .   ᬮ 䠩  COMMAND.COM    ᯮ짮
ணࠬ DEBUG  DiskLook.    㢨 ᮮ饭, ஥ 
뤠  砫 ࠡ.     ᮮ饭    -
   DEBUG  SecMod,  ⠪ ⮡  稭 ࠡ 뤠祩
襩 䠬   .  ⠪    -
७ , 祬 ᤥ  , ᫨    -
.
     ᫨    ⠡ ७ ,    -
  ,   COMMAND.COM 㤥 ᪠  譥 䠩.
  ⢥   ,  COMMAND.COM ⢫  䠩 ࠡ⪨
  ᮮ⢥饩 ᪥  ᪠  믮.
       COMMAND.COM  室  ணࠬ  䠩    
ଠ,    믮  㧪  ⮣  䠩      
믮    室  ८ࠧ. ᫥ 㧪
䠩    ନ஢   ⠢   ணࠬ   ᥣ,
COMMAND.COM । ࠢ ⮩ ணࠬ, ⠪ ⮡ 
 믮 ᢮ ࠡ.
     ᫨ 䠩 ࠡ⪨  ⭮  ⨯ ".BAT",   -
 䠩 ⭮ ࠡ⪨,    ᮤন    ଠ  ⥪⮢
䠩   ASCII ᫥⥫쭮 ,   믮-
 ⠪,        .        
COMMAND.COM  砥   ᫥ 樨  䠩 ⭮ -
⪨, ⠪ ⮡ ᫥ 믮   ࠧ 室  -
. ᫨   ࠡ⪨  ⭮ 䠩 㤥 맢 -
,     ࢮ  ந, ⠪  䠩 ⭮ -
⪨    묨,    ꥤ  楯.
       ⥬       ७祭  
䠩,  祬  ⭮   ணࠬ, 騬   -
, ⠪    .     ⭮. 쪮 -
   COMMAND.COM  ⮬᪨ 믮 ⥭ 
䠩 ⭮ ࠡ⪨.
     , ணࠬ     䠩 ⭮ ࠡ-
  ⠪ ࠧ ।,   㤥 믮 ᫥饩.
      ᫮ ਫ   ᫥⥫쭮
믮 ணࠬ.

   , COMMAND.COM ⮨   ⤥ ⥩:
     1. ⭮   ,   ࠧ頥      ।⢥  
IBMDOS.COM   ࠡ祩 .   ᮤন ணࠬ -
⪨ 뢠 22H ( 襭),  23H (ॠ  Ctrl-Break) 
24H (ॠ  ⠫ 訡),  ⠪ ணࠬ 㧪 -
१  ⥩.  ( 襭 ணࠬ  ஫쭠
㬬  १⭮   ,   ,
   . ᫨ ,  १⭠  㦠). -
⨬,    ⠭⭠ ࠡ⪠ 訡 ந  ⮩  
COMMAND.COM.  砥 뤠 ᮮ饭  訡  ࠡ ⢥-
   "Abort, Retry or Ignore".
     -  樠樨 ᯮ   ᫥  १⮬ 

                                     - 6 -
砥 ࠢ  ᪥ ⥬.    砥  ࠡ
䠩 AUTOEXEC.BAT.   ⠪ । , 稭  ண -
 㦠 ணࠬ.    ४뢠 ࢮ   ணࠬ-
, 㦠 COMMAND, ⠪   ᯮ ᫥ 믮 -
樠樨.
     - १  㦠   (訥 ) .  
:  ᮡ⢥   ( 3),  믮騩  ࠡ
jds[     䠩,   ( 4) 稪, -
騩  믮騩 १  (..  䠩   ७ﬨ
.COM  .EXE).  稪 ᯮ  ᠬ    s
樥 맮  㧪 ண (Exec).
      3 COMMAND 뤠 ਣ襭 (. A>), ਭ  
 (   䠩)  稭  믮.   -
१    ନ  ப  믮 
Exec  㧪  맮 ᮮ⢥饩 ணࠬ.

     7. 譨 

     ᫥  樮 ⥬  ⠢ 譨 -
.   뢠 譨, ᪮   祭  ⠢ , 
  १묨   IBM/PC.  ⮣, 譨 
࠭  ணࠬ 䠩  ᪥.
       ணࠬ 䠩,   譨     ७
 䠩 ".COM"  ".EXE",   㪠뢠,     ଠ⮢ 
ଫ.   ᬮਬ  ଠ,  㤥 ᬠਢ -
 ᪥  䠩  ᫥饩 .
     ਬࠬ 譨   㦨 DISKCOPY,  COMP,  FORMAT, 
⠪ ணࠬ  EDLIN,  BASIC  BASICA ⮦  । ᫥
 譨 ,           몮묨
ࠬ, ⠪  ஠ᥬ  ᪠.
     譨   ⫨  㣨 ணࠬ 䠩,  -
  ᠬ ࠧࠡ뢠  㯠.    窨 ७ 譨
 ⢨⥫쭮    樮  ⥬,  ᮡ
,   樮 ⥬  ᯮ짮, ⠪ 
FORMAT. ,  㣮 窨 ७, 譨  -  ᥣ 
ᯮ⥫ ணࠬ,  ⨫,  ,    -
 樮 ⥬.     譥      
筮  ணࠬ  砥   襬 ⭮襭   -  
     祬- ⢥.


                8. 樠 DOS

      ᪥  ⥬ ( 樥 १㧪 ⥬ ),  
 祭 ⠭  ⥬ ᪥⮩  ன⢥ A:),    -
砫쭮  㧪 뢠    砥 ࠢ.   -
ਢ  ⠫,  ⮡  㡥,         䠩   
IBMBIO.COM  IBMDOS.COM ( 㪠 浪).  ᫨  䠩  -
㦥,  ࠭ 뤠 ᮮ饭  訡,   䠩 뢠-
  ⨢ . (IBMBIO.COM    䠩  -
 ⠫  ᯮ  ᫥⥫ ᥪ).
     ணࠬ 樠樨  IBMBIO.COM । ﭨ -
,  樠 ᪮ ⥬    祭  ன⢠,
㦠 ࠩ ன,   ⠭ 祭  ஢
뢠.  ⥬  믮 ன ᮢ  IBMDOS.COM  -
 ࠢ    DOS.
          IBMBIO.COM,    DOS  ᮤন  室  
ணࠬ 樠樨,   ᫥ 믮 ४뢠 -
   . DOS 樠 ᢮ ७

                                     - 7 -
ࠡ稥  ⠡,  樠   뢠 20-27  ନ
䨪 ணࠬ  (. . 6)  COMMAND.COM  ᠬ -
襬 㯭 ᥣ; ⥬  頥  IBMBIO.COM.
     ᫥ 樠樮 ⢨ IBMBIO.COM 砥  -
㧪 COMMAND.COM  , ⠭ ணࠬ 樠樨
DOS. ⥬ IBMBIO.COM । ࠢ    COMMAND.

