____________________________________________________________________

  @  oo᪨  @  o㤠p⢥  @  孨᪨  @  p .  ..㬠







                                                  @
                                                 __________________

                                                 "  "_______ 1995 .











                 @    `"   ⮢ `"


                              H 


         ᪥ ଠ IBM








                                                 ᯮ⥫ :

                                                 㯯 5-71

                                                 ________ @o ..

                                                 "   "_______ 1995 .













                           1995, ᪢
____________________________________________________________________



                           @ঠ :


      ...................................................3

     ᪠ ࣠ ࠭ ଠ樨  ᪥ ......3

     ⮤     ஢ ଠ樨  ᪥   ...................  4

     ᪠    ᪠ ...............................5

     䥩   ....................................7

     ᪠ ࣠ ᪠ ...............................7

      BIOS   .........................................9

      ଠ ᪮, ਭ  MS-DOS ...............10

          㢥 ᪮ ⥭ ᪥ ......................11

      ⠭ ᪥ ...................................12

     ⮤   ஢ ..............................12

     ᯮ짮  .................................14





































                            @

    饥 ६   ᫨⥫ ⥬   -
ன⢠ 譥 , ᯮ騥     ଠ樨
  ⪨ ᪨. ᨬ   ⨯    ,   -
     ਭ樯 ६ ࠭  ଠ-
樨   祭  ⪮  孮  ⥫.  
   뢠饣 ன⢠,   㦤  -
 ⮪.
   砫 (  1981  ) IBM  PC    -⢥  ⨯
譥  - ⨤ ஭   -
  ⭮    ணࠬ  ࠧ  ᥪ஢ 
150K.    IBM ⥫쭮  㢥稫    ᪮,  
  ⠭ ࠧ ᪮ (   ),
 䨧᪠  ᪠  ᪠  ௥ -
⥫ .


 @       ᪠ ࣠ ࠭ ଠ樨  ᪥

      ⨪ ᭮  ᥭ    -
 ⨥.  業 室 诨쭮 ⢥⨥ ,  
஬ ᬥ饭  業     ᭮  ⢥⨥.
祭 ᭮ ⢥ - ᯥ ⥫  -
  뢠    .     饭  
 宫,  ஬ ⠪   诨쭮    -
᭮ ⢥⨥. 室饥  ७  㦭  ⭮
᪠ ⠫஢  ।祭    ᨫ  
ᠤ ᪠   诨 த⥫ ᪮, ⮡ -
 ⥫ ଠ ⮭ ⭮ ᪠.-
 ⮣,  嫥  १  ⠪  뢠/-
  孮 ᪠  १   .
    ଠ樨       ᯮ  ⥭-
樠 ⮤   饭  .   ⮬ -
⮤ ⢫ ⥬   ࠢ  ⮪    
⭮   ᮮ⢥ᢨ  ࠡ뢠묨 묨.  -
 ࠢ ⮪  뢠 ६ ⭮ ⮪
 ⭮ ,   ਢ      祭
᪠ ⥫ ଠ, 室饣   ६   .
 ᨬ   ࠢ    祭  ࠡ祣
᫮ ⭮  ⥫  ⭮襭  ࠢ  ᪮-
 ६饭 ⥫, ࠧ  த,    
௥  祭.     ⥫  IBM  ଠ
(    ⥫ 34  3740   IBM  )  ᯮ
⮫쪮 த쭠 祭, ⮬  쭥襬  -
   .
       ।⠢   ᫥ ।-
 쥢:
    i(t) -> F(t) -> H(x,y,z,t) -> M(l,y,z)
    ந:
    M(l,y,z) -> (t) -> e(t)
 
    i(t)   - ⮪  ⪥  ⭮ ;
    F(t)   - ⮤ ᨫ ⭮  ;
    H(x,y,z,t)   -  ;
    M(l,y,z)   - 筠 祭 ᫥  ⢨  
   ;
    (t)   -  ⮪   थ筨  ⭮    -
   ந;
    e(t)   - த ᨫ,   ⪥ ⭮ -
    ந;
    x,y,z   - ࠭⢥ न, 易  ;
    l=vt   - न, 易  ⥫ ;
    v   - ᪮ .
    ६ 뢠  室 ⪥   ந-
  ࠧ ᨣ     ६,  
  室 ⪨ 孮    ࠢ-
 祭.  ᨣ ਭ ᨫ⥫-ନ-
஢⥫,  ८ࠧ      室  㭨  -
 뢠 "".   ""  ᮮ⢥  -
⢨ ᮢ   ।  ६.


 @            ⮤ ஢ ଠ樨  ᪥

     ଠ樨     ⥫  ਬ  ᯥ-
樠쭮 ࠧࠡ⠭ 樮  .   ࠧ-
ࠡ뢠 ᯥ樠⠬    ᮪  ଠ⨢-
  ᯮᮡ  ᠬᨭ஭樨.    ଠ⨢
ᯮᮡ   ⢮ ᠭ ଠ樨,  -
騩   ਮ 祭.
    ⥫ 3740 ( IBM ) ᯮ ⮤ ⭮  -
樨,   ⥫ 34 - ⮤ ஢ ⭮  -
樨.
  "⮤ ⭮ 樨
 砫   ⬥砥  ⠪⮢  ᮬ    
ᬥ ࠢ 祭. ᫨    ।⠢-
 1,    業ࠫ쭮  뢠     ⠪-
  (   ᮧ  ⭮ ⮪ ),  -
 0,  ᬥ ࢫ 祭  ந室  
砫 ᫥饣 .  ࠧ, ᫨  ⠪⮢  
ࠢ F,  ⮪     2F.
  ڿ  ڿ  ڿ  ڿ  ڿ  ڿ  ڿ  ڿ
    ⠪⮢ 
    ڿ          ڿ      ڿ  ڿ  ڿ
    
     1   0   0   1   0   1   1   1
  ڿڿڿ  ڿ  ڿڿڿ  ڿڿڿڿڿڿ
   ᨣ 

  "⮤ ஢ ⭮ 樨
  ⮬ ⮤ 1 ᥣ ।⠢ 室  祭
 業 . 室   砫 , ᫨ 
0,     ᫥ 1.  ⮬   ࠧᥭ  室  
⮤  뢠         ࠧ  
ᨬ, 祬 ⮤ ⭮ 樨.
 ڿڿڿڿڿڿڿڿڿ
   ⠪⮢ 
  ڿ    ڿ  ڿڿڿ
   
   1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1
  ڿ ڿ ڿ  ڿڿڿ
   ᨣ 
   ଠ樨  ⮤ ஢ ⭮ -
樨  ⠪ 뢠 ᬥ饭 ᨭ஭樨.  -
 ⮬,   饬 砥  뢠 ଠ樨   -
  ⫨ ⠪⮢  ᨣ    ᨣ  .
⮬  ᨬ  窨        ⠦  ᫥-
⥫쭮 ᮢ  ࠪ⮢ -ࠧ.    ࠭-
 ⮩  襩  ⭮ 筮     -
஦  ᯥ樠 ,  ﬨ, ࠧ஬  -
  12 .    뢠  ଠ樨  ஫  
,    室  㫨,  ⮬  ࠪ  㯠騥
ᨣ  ⠪⮢ , ६  ᮮ⢥騬  -
ࠧ ࠨ 奬 ᥯ .
  ᬮ७  ⮤ ⭮    ஢
⭮ 樨 ᯮ   ஢  ࠭祭  -
  ﭨ  ਮ 祭    (  RLL - ஢ ).
 ࠢ  ⮤ ஢ ⭮ 樨 '
࠭  ᪥ ଠ樨 㢥稢  50%. ⮤ RLL  -
    㯯 ஢.   ⮬  ⮤  
 㯠  ࠧ   ࠤ,  ⥬  -
ࠤ  ᯥ樠 5- ࠧࠤ , ࠪ ⥬,
  ᫮   ᮤন,  ࠩ ,    ६
ࠢ ⮪.  뢠    5-  ࠧ來  ࠤ
᭮ ᫨  .


 @                   ᪠  ᪠

    ᪠   ࠪ⨪ ᪮  ᮡ-
⥩ 樮 ⥬;      ᪠,   魮c,
ᥣ    .  ᥣ 뢠  ⭮  -
孮   業᪨ 㦭⥩, 뢠  ஦-
. ஦,  ᢮ ।, ⮨  ᪮쪨 ᥪ-
஢, ⢮  ।  樨 ଠ஢.
  楩 ࠭ ଠ樨   ᪥.-
⢮ ଠ樨  ᪥, ⠪ ࠧ,   ᫠ ஦
(  ⭮  )  饣 ࠧ ᥪ஢     -
஦.   ᪮ ࠡ⠫  40 ஦, 뭥譨
 -  80, 設⢮ ᮢ६ ᪮   -
஢ ᪥ ⭮  85 ஦.
    ⠭ ᪥ IBM ᯮ  ஦   -
  , ⮬   ० ᥣ      
  ᪥,   ⨢ ᮡ⥩ ᪮.,
᫮, ࠧ  ᯮ  ᥪ஢    ணࠬ  
ࢮ砫쭮 ࠧ⪥ ( ଠ஢ ) ᪥. ⪠ -
⢫  ,  ᯮ 㭪樨 BIOS.   MS-DOS
ন ࠧ ᥪ ᪥ 128, 256, 512   1024  ,
 ᯮ ᥪ ࠧ஬ 512  , -,  
 襥 ६   ( ᫨  ,   ⮫쪮  
஭ 㢥祭 ).
    ଠ ஦   ⨯ ஫, , 
ࠢ, 砥  ᥡ  ᨭ஭樨, 㪠뢠騥   -
砫  ᥪ, 䨪樮 ,  c騥  
 樫, , ᥪ  ࠧ ᥪ,  , -
饣  横᪮ ஫, ।祭   㦥-
 訡  뢠   㦥 ଠ樨.   ᫥-
饬 㭪 ।⠢ ଠ ஦  ⠭ IMB 34.


   
Ŀ 
    
   



   gap4a   index  gap1  sector 1        sector n  gap4b

             Ŀ            
      Ĵ            
       sync    IAM               
                  
                             Ŀ
                   Ĵ
                    header  data field 
                   Ĵ
                       Ŀ
  Ĵ
   sync SAM chrn crc gap2  sync DAM  data  crc gap3
  
  ਢ  奬 :

 Ŀ
  .  祭                    ন 
 Ĵ
  GAP4A   ।뭤  ஦         4E        50  
  SYNC     ᨭ஭樨                  00        0C  
  IAM      થ 砫 ஦ C2*       3   
                                          FC        1   
  SAM     થ 砫 ᥪ A1        3   
                                          FE        1   
  C        樫                      --        1   
                                 --        1   
  R        ᥪ                       --        1   
  N        ࠧ ᥪ                 --        1   
  CRC     ஫                      --        2   
  GAP2      ᥪ             4E       16   
  DAM     થ 砫  A1        3   
                                          FB        1   
  GAP3    p                  4E       50   
  data                                  --       **   
  GAP4B    ஦                       4E       ***  
 
 *   -  ^^&  뢠  ᯥ樠쭮 襭묨 ⠬
        ^^&ᨭ஭樨.
 **  -  ^^&  ।  㫥 128*2^N,  N - 
        ^^&   ᥪ:  0 (128)  7 (16384).
 *** -  ^^& । ⠢訬 ﭨ  ᭮ -
        ^^&   ⮫쪮  ᪮ 饭 ᪮  
        ^^& ଠ஢.

    GAP1..GAP4 㦠 ० ᥣ   ࣠樨  প
 뤠 権   ᪥,  ⠪  樨  ࠧ-
ᮢ 䨧᪮  ࠧ ,  -  -
襭⢠ 堭 ᪮ ( ⭥, -  ⠡쭮-
 饭 ). થ 㦠  뤥  ।  -
⥩  ᪥: 䨪 ஦,  ᥪ    -
 .  ⮣   થ  뫮 ⫨  -
,  뢠  ᯥ樠쭮 襭  ᨭ஭樨.
⢥  થ 砥 ⨯ 뤥塞  . -
⭮  થ   祭 fb  ᮮ⢥  -
 ,  f8 - 㤠.
   ⭮ ଠ樨    ஫   -
 横᪮ ஫쭮 , ஫ ᫠  ண
뢠 ᫥ । ⥩.  뢠  ᪥-
 ஫ ᠬ⥫쭮 뢠 ஫ 㬬,  -
⥬ ࠢ   ⠭  ᪠.    ஫쭠  㬬,
뢠    横᪮ ஫   ( CRC - Cyrcle Redundency
Contol ), 뢠    ᫥饣  :
                X 16   + X 12   + X 5   + X + 1
  砥  ᮢ   ᥫ ⠢ 䫠 訡.













 @                     䥩  

  㭪樨 ᨣ   ᫥騥:
 Ŀ
   믮塞 㭪                             
 Ĵ
 High/Normal   ᯮ  ४祭 奬 /⥭
                 ࠡ  ଠ쭮  ᮪ ⭮   
 Index         ९ 殮  ᮪ ஢    
                 㦥 ᭮ ⢥           
 Select        롮 ⥫ (  ﭭ )     
 Mot           祭  ᪮                      
 Direction     ࠢ ६襭   ᨣ Step
                 ஢ -  業 ᪥;             
                ᮪ ஢ -   ᪥;              
 Step          ६饨    ஦              
 Write data     ଠ樨,   뢠      
                 ⭮ ⮪          
 Write gate    襭  ଠ樨                    
 Track 0       ६饭   砫 ᪥             
 Write            ᪥ ( ᨣ  ਲ਼
    protected   ⢨ ᪥  ⭮  )     
 Read data     ९ 殮  ᮪ ஢    
                ᮮ⢥ 㦥  ᪥ 室  
                祭.                               
 Select head   롮   ⥭/                 
                 ஢ -  1;                    
                ᮪ ஢ -  0;                   
 Ready         ᪥ ⮢  ࠡ                         
 Disk change   ⠢  ᪥                         
 
 ୮  ᨣ 䥩 (஬ ,  㪠 )
 ⥫쭠.  Disk change  High/Normal  IBM PC/XT  
 ᯮ.


 @                  ᪠ ࣠ ᪠

  ࢠ ,  室 믮  ।  ⥬,  
᪥ 㤥 ⮢  ᯮ짮 -   ଠ஢.  
  ਤ    ⥫  .  
室 ଠ஢ । ⢮ ஦  ᫮  ᥪ-
஢  ஦.
  MS-DOS ।ᬠਢ  ᪨  ᪥:
  -   㧮 ᥪ ( boot record )
  -   ⠡ ࠧ饭 䠩 ( file allocation table )
  -   ୥ ⠫
  -    

  "㧮 ᥪ
 ন  (  512  ) ணࠬ 砫쭮 -
    . ᨬ  ⨯   ᯮᮡ ଠ-
஢ ᪥,  ணࠬ    ᥣ      ᠬ  
ᥪ  ᠬ ࢮ  ஦  ᪠.    ࠧ    Boot
  record      Master     Boot record.    室  ᪥    -
砥 ᫨  ᪥  ⥬. ன   室  ᪫-
⥫쭮  ⥬ ᪠.   ᥪ ᮤন    -
 ଠ  ࠪ⨪ ᪠.  ⮩ ଠ樨
᫥ :





Ŀ
C饭           ᠭ                       
Ĵ
  00      JMP      3      ⪨ 室   
                                 ணࠬ 稪       
  03     䨪    8    䨪 ᨨ DOS,      
                                  ன ଠ-    
                                ஢                   
  0B     /      2     ᥪ          
  0D     /   1    ᫮ ᥪ஢        
  0E (*)            2    ⢮ १ࢭ ᥪ஢  
  10     ᫮ FAT        1    ᫮  FAT  ᪥       
  11     ᫮ ୥   2    Max ⢮ ᥩ        
         ᥩ                ୥ ⠫ ᪠       
  13(**) ᥣ ᥪ஢   2    饥 ᫮ ᥪ஢  ᪥  
  15     ⥫         1     ⭮ ⥫        
  16     /FAT       2    ᫮ ᥪ஢    FAT 
  18     /஦   2    ᫮ ᥪ஢   ஦ 
  1A     ᫮     2    ᫮   ᪥         
  1      ᥪ஢ 4    ᫮  ᥪ஢  ᪥
  20      ᥪ஢  4    饥 ᫮ ᥪ஢           
  22      ⥫ 1     ⥫  BIOS'     
  23                      1                             
  24             1    ন ᫮ 29              
  25     ID ⮬          4    䨪 ⮬ ᪠       
  29     ⪠ ⮬       11    ⪨ ⮬               
  34     ID ⨯ FAT      8    FAT12  FAT16 -          

 (*) -  ^^& ଠ IBM PC  १ࢨ஢   ᥣ
        ⠢ 1 ᥪ ( ᥪ 稪 )
 (**)-  ^^&᫨  65535  0

  " ࠧ饭 䠩 ( FAT )
 ন ଠ  ᯮ  ᠭ    ᪥
䠩. ⥬a MS-DOS 뤥  ࠭ 䠩,   ᨬ-
   ,      ஢  (   - 
࠭   ᪥, 筮     ࠢ  ᪮쪨
ᥪࠬ ),  MS-DOS  , ⮡  䠩 ந-
室 ᫥⥫쭮 ( ᪮॥  :   ࠡ  MS-DOS
⠪,   ᪨ ᯮᮡ ࠣ樨 䠩 ), -
⮬ 室 ࠭ ଠ,        ࠬ
᪨  䠩.  ᨫ ᮡ  ⮩ ଠ樨  FAT
  ᪥   . FAT ᪥ ⮨   12--
⮢ ⮢.  ⠡ ࠧ饭 䠩 - ᫥:

 Ŀ
   FAT  믮塞 㭪                       
 Ĵ
     0         䨪 ଠ                     
     1         १ࢨ஢ (   FFF )        
     2           2                         
     3           3                         
    ...        ...                                       
 

  䨪 ଠ  ਭ
  ᫥騥 祭 :
  F0 - 3'5/2/18 ( ᪥ 3'5, 2 ஭, 18 ᥪ஢ )
  F8 - ⪨ 
  F9 - 5'25/2/15  3'5/2/9
  FC - 5'25/1/9
  FD - 5'25/2/9
  FE - 5'25/1/8
  FF - 5'25/2/8
     ᫥騬 :
  000 -  ᢮
  FF0..FF6 - १ࢨ஢
  FF7 - ᯮ祭
  FF8...FFF - ᫥ 
   -  ᫥饣  䠩
 ᭮ , , -, 祭   001  -
 饭 楩.

  "୥ ⠫
   ।⢥  FAT. ন ଠ    ᭮-
 ࠬ 䠩 ( ,  ᮧ,...).   
 ⠫, ᮮ⢥e ⮬   䠩 ( ஬, ࠧ㬥-
, ⪨ ᪠ ), 砥  ࢮ ,  祭
MS-DOS ⮬ 䠩,  ᯮ  窠 室    FAT.
稭  ⮩ 窨,    FAT ᮤন   ᫥-
饣 , ᯥ।   䠩,    ᫥-
 .    ୥ ⠫ ᫥ :
 Ŀ
 C饭     ᠭ                          
 Ĵ
   00               䠩                         
                       0 ᫨  ᢮           
                      E5 ᫨ 䠩 㤠               
                      2E  த⥫᪮ ⠫  
   08      ७                                   
   0B      ਡ   ⥬ ਡ 䠩           
   0C                                             
   16      ६      ६ ᫥ १ 䠩  
   18              ᫥ १ 䠩   
   1A           ࢮ ⢥ ࠳
   1C            䠩 ( 4  )          
 

  "  
   , ࠤ ண  ᯮ  ᪥  -  
࠭ ଠ 짮⥫. MS-DOS ᬠਢ   -
  ᮢ㯭 ஢,    ᮤন 
 ᪮쪮 ᥪ஢. - ⮣     FAT  -
ࢨ஢, ࢮ     ᢮  2.
 ⠫, ஬ ୥, ⠪ ࠠᬠਢ  MS-DOS  
䠩 ᮡ ,  ⮬    .


                     @ BIOS  

  ணࠬ ࠢ ᪥⮩ ( 筥 , ஬ )
⢫   ࠩ BIOS,  맮  ண  -
⢫ १ 뢠 int 13. ⮤ 맮  -
権 ⠭⭠,     㭪樨  㦠    ah,  -
⠫ ࠬ  㣨 ॣ 饣 祭,   -
ᮢ ஢ ⠪  ᯮ ॣ஢  es:bx.
   ᥣ ⠭ ࠩ ন 6 㭪権 ࠡ  
 ࠬ  0  5. ᫨   浪 ⠭ :
     0     -      ⥬              3     -      ᥪ
     1     -      ﭨ            4     -     ஢ ᥪ
     2     -      ᥪ               5     -     ⪠ ஦
    㭪樨 믮,  ᮣᮢ뢠      ᪮
⠡楩,   㪠뢠   1e.  㬥  짮-
⥫  ஢    ᮧ ᢮ ⠡. 
㧪  BIOS 樠 ,    DOS  ,  ⮡
 ந⥫쭮 ᪥.  ⮩  ⠡  ᫥-
 ( ,   ᪠ , ६ 㪠뢠   
⥬ ⠩ ).
Ŀ
 ন                                                
Ĵ
 0    4-7: ६ 室  ஦  ஦ (   )   
      0-3: ६ '  ᫥ ⥭/       
 1    0: 1= .DMA , 0= DMA  ᯮ                
      2-7: ६ ᪠                          
 2   ६  ⠭ ⥫ ᫥ 砭 ⥭/ᨳ
 3   ࠧ ᥪ (0=128, 1=256, 2=512, 3=1024)              
 4    ᫥ ᥪ  ஦                       
 5    ᥪ୮ ஬⪠  権 ⥭/ 
 6   ᨬ쭠  ।                     
 7    ᥪ୮ ஬⪠  樨 ଠ஢
 8   ᨬ-⥫  ଠ஢ ( 筮  f6 )      
 9   ६ 樮஢                             
 a   ६ ࠧ  ( 1/8-ᥪ㭤 ࢠ)         

   BIOS Data Segment ᮤঠ ᫥騥  ࠬ :
   0:043e   ॡ ४ 䫮-᪮
             ( 0=A,  1=B, etc.)
   0:043f    ᪥ 祭 ( 0=drive A,  1=B, etc.)
   0:0440   ६  몫. . ᫨ 0,   몫砥
   0:0441    訡 ᪥ ( ,  頥  int 13 )
   0:0442    ଠ樨 ﭨ ஫ ᪥ (7)


 @           ଠ ᪮, ਭ  MS-DOS

   稭  MS-DOS v2.0  /⥭  ࠪ᪨  -
 䨧᪨ ଠ⮢ ᪥.      ⢫
ᯮ짮 堭 㦠 ࠩ஢ ன.  -
  ᫥ ६ ७ ᨩ BIOS'a ࠪ᪨ -
ࠧ ⨥ "⠭ ଠ",  ⥯  ⠭  
 ࠪ᪨  ଠ,  ⢥ ᯥ䨪-
樨 MS-DOS.
   ,   ଠ⮢ ᭮ 易  ਥ ࠧ-
 DOS. ࢮ砫쭠  MS-DOS v1.0 ন  ⮫쪮
ଠ, 祭   (1.0) ᫥  1.1  -
 (1.1),   2.0 - (2.0).  ,    -
 DOS ਭᨫ - . ,    ⮣  諮,  ।-
⠢ .
   ਠ ଠ⮢  ᨬ  ⨯ ᪮:

       360  ᪮
     (1)    160 Kb  40 ஦  8 ᥪ஢ 1 ஭
            180 Kb  40 ஦  9 ᥪ஢ 1 ஭
            200 Kb  40 ஦ 10 ᥪ஢ 1 ஭
     (1.1)  320 Kb  40 ஦  8 ᥪ஢
     (2.0)  360 Kb  40 ஦  9 ᥪ஢
            400 Kb  40 ஦ 10 ᥪ஢
            420 Kb  42 ஦ 10 ᥪ஢
            430 Kb  43 ஦ 10 ᥪ஢


       720  ᪮ (3'5"  5'25")
            720 Kb  80 ஦  9 ᥪ஢
            747 Kb  83 ஦  9 ᥪ஢
            800 Kb  80 ஦ 10 ᥪ஢
            820 Kb  82 ஦ 10 ᥪ஢
            830 Kb  83 ஦ 10 ᥪ஢




       1.2  ᪮
            180 Kb  40 ஦  9 ᥪ஢ 1 ஭
            200 Kb  40 ஦ 10 ᥪ஢ 1 ஭
            320 Kb  40 ஦  8 ᥪ஢
            360 Kb  40 ஦  9 ᥪ஢
            400 Kb  40 ஦ 10 ᥪ஢
            420 Kb  42 ஦ 10 ᥪ஢
            430 Kb  43 ஦ 10 ᥪ஢
            720 Kb  80 ஦  9 ᥪ஢
            747 Kb  83 ஦  9 ᥪ஢
            800 Kb  80 ஦ 10 ᥪ஢
            820 Kb  82 ஦ 10 ᥪ஢
            830 Kb  83 ஦ 10 ᥪ஢
            1.2 Mb  80 ஦ 15 ᥪ஢
           1.36 Mb  80 ஦ 17 ᥪ஢
           1.39 Mb  82 ஦ 17 ᥪ஢
           1.41 Mb  83 ஦ 17 ᥪ஢
           1.44 Mb  80 ஦ 18 ᥪ஢
           1.47 Mb  82 ஦ 18 ᥪ஢
           1.49 Mb  83 ஦ 18 ᥪ஢

      1.44  ᪮
            720 Kb  80 ஦  9 ᥪ஢
            800 Kb  80 ஦ 10 ᥪ஢
            820 Kb  82 ஦ 10 ᥪ஢
            830 Kb  83 ஦ 10 ᥪ஢
           1.44 Mb  80 ஦ 18 ᥪ஢
           1.52 Mb  80 ஦ 19 ᥪ஢
           1.60 Mb  80 ஦ 20 ᥪ஢
           1.64 Mb  82 ஦ 20 ᥪ஢
           1.68 Mb  83 ஦ 20 ᥪ஢
           1.68 Mb  80 ஦ 21 ᥪ
           1.72 Mb  82 ஦ 21 ᥪ
           1.74 Mb  83 ஦ 21 ᥪ

    ।  :
    ᪮
360-720 5'25"  - 300 
    720 3'5"   - 250 
    1.2 5'25"  - 300  (DD) 500  (HD)
   1.44 3'5"   - 250  (DD) 500  (HD)
   2.88 3'5"   - ??? (⭮ 1000 )
  ᪮ 1.44   ᥭ ⥬,   ⮩   ᪮
।  ᯥ稢 ࠧ  ᮪ ⭮  -
, 祬 ᪮ 1.2 .  ⮩ 稭  ଠ஢  
720-800  ᪮ । .


 `                @ 㢥 ᪮ ⥭ ᪥

   뢠  ଠ஢ ᪨ ⠪,  ᪮ -
饭  ᪥ 㢥稢   ࠧ (  拉  砥
 ).  ⮨  ᫥饬:    ᪮  ६頥
  ஦  ஦ ᫥ ⥭/  筮 -
 ᥪ஢,  ᥪ ᯥ "᪮짭"    -
  室   楫  ᪠, ⮡  
. 祭,  ᫨   ᫥饩 ஦  "ᤢ"
 ᥪ   ᥪ,   ६饭    -
뢠 ࠧ -     稭  㢥祭  ந-
⥫쭮.




                       @ ⠭ ᪥

 @     த⨥쭮   ᪮ 筮   .
  ⥮᪨ ࠢ쭮 ᯫ㥬    뤥ন-
 70  室   ஦,   ⠢  -
 20   뢭  ࠡ.  ,      ⭮  
 ᫮ ᯫ樨,       ?!  ᪥
   ⮢  쭮 孮,   ᣨ,
  ,  ਢ "஬", .     -
ন ?   ⮣  ᠬ 訥    ᪨  稭
믠.
   㦥 ० 0 ஦  ᪥   ண-
ࠬ  ଠ ⠪ ᪥.   ⠪ ᪥, -
,  뢠.   ⠪ 室  ਥ. -
  筮 ண  뢠 죨      
 ࠢ.
    ᯮᮡ 祭 ࠡᯮᮡ ᪥    ।-
  (஬ PU_1700): 㫥  ஦  ६頫  
। ᪥. 筮 ਣ  ᯮᮡ,    
⪨:
      1) 室 ﭭ ঠ   PU_1700
      2)     ᪥  ⠭
         PU_1700 -  ࠩ 㤮  設  1 ᪮
     ⮨⢮   ,   ᯮᮡ ࠡ⠥   
ଠ⮬    ⢨ 0 ஦ ᪥.
     ,   㣮 ⮤.
     筮   0 ஦,    ࠢ       㣨  ஦
᪥,    ᨫ  ࠧ  稭  (  ᭮   堭᪮
०),  ய  ⠡쭮     ᥪ.
᪥ ଠ  ⠪,   ०    孮
    ᯮ.   ⮤   ⮪:  
⠭     ᥪ   ஦ (360-720 )  
  (1.2-1.44  ),  롨ࠩ:  ᪥  ० 0
஦  800   ᮫⭮ ଠ쭠  720  ?


 @                   ⮤   ஢

     , ஡   ஢ -  ० -
 ஡ 䨪樨 ਡ⨢ ⥫. ⮬  -
  ᮡ⥩  ࣠樨  ࠭  ଠ樨  
᪥   㪠   ⮤  䨪-
樨,  ணࠬ  ᯮ짮   ᢮ .
   浪 ⠭ ᫮.

  "ᯮ짮 ᮡ⢥ ଠ
   ਠ ᯮ짮 ⮣ ⮤ :
 1)  ஦  ᪥, ஬ ,   ࠧ ⥬-
      , ଠ ⠭  ᯮᮡ. -
    筮  ᮡ⢥ ࠩ ࠡ   ⨬  ⠭-
     ଠ⮬  ᤥ ⠪,        ⠭
    ࠡ稪 int 13 ᫥ 㧪   ᪥    ᪥
    ⠭ ⠥   . , ᫥⥫쭮, ᪮-
    ஢  ⠭ ࠧ ⠪ .
 2)  ⠪ ଠ஢ ⮫쪮  ஦   ᪥-
      ࠧ ⠬  祢  ଠ,    ⥬
    ᫥ ᪠ ணࠬ, ஢ 稥 ⮩ ଠ樨.
 3)  ਠ    ଠ஢    ஦
    -  । ᪥, ன ᯮ  -
     ଠ ( ᠭ  ⠭⭮  ଠ  ).  
    ஢ ⠭⭮ ⨫⮩   ᪥ ⠪   -
     ᪮஢ .


  " ⥫ ᥪ஢
 ⮥ ᯮ짮 ᮡ⢥ ଠ ࠢ業  ⠭-
    ࠭ ਬ⭮  - ,     -
異     ,   ⠭.   -
 ᯥ譮 ஢ ⠭ ଠ,  뭥ᥭ ⮪  
⠭  ஢.  祢 ᯮᮡ  -  
⥫쭮 ᥪ  ஦,  ஬ ࠭  祢
ଠ.   砥 ᠬ 䠪   ⮣  ᥪ  -
  ᭮,     ਡ⨢.

  "ᯮ짮 ⥫ () ஦
   ᪥, ଠ஢ ⠭ ࠧ   -
 ஦   ᥣ   ⠥ ஥  ࠭⢮,  ஥
 ᯮ짮  ࠭ 祢  ଠ樨.  㬥
  蠥 ଠ஢  ஦ ⠭ ࠧ.

  "ᯮ짮 ஬ 樫஢
 ப ⥭  䠪,   ଠ஢ ᪥  360
 ᪮  1.2  ᪮ ६   , 
  ஦, ⮬  ஦   ᯮ짮-
묨.   ஦   ࠧ    ணࠬ-
, ⠢ "" ⮫쪮 让 稪.

  "⠭⭮ । ᥪ஢
 ⥬ MS-DOS ਥ஢ ᪫⥫쭮  ⠭ ଠ-
,    ࠪਧ,    ⭮,  ண  ᫥-
⥫ ⠭ ஢ ᥪ஢   ஦.  ⮬  ᫨
 冷 ᫥ ᥪ஢,   ᮧ    DOS
    "ࠢ 冷". ஢    -
,  ६ ࢠ  ⥭ﬨ ᥪ஢ 
।묨 ࠬ.

  " ᥢᡮ ᥪ஢
  MS-DOS 砥 ᡮ ᥪ (   窨 ७ MS-DOS,
ᡮ  ᥪ  ࠢ쭮 ஫쭮 㬬  ),  
   ᮤন     , ⠪ -
ࠧ ,  室  ᡮ ᥪ    
,  ᨣ ᮢ ஫ 㬬    -
頥 㯠  ,   ।०   訡.  -
⥫쭮, 筮  祢 ଠ   ᥪ, -
 MS-DOS   ᡮ,  ⥬    ᪥  ணࠬ
஢ ⥭ ⮣ ᥪ,  ᮮ饭   訡  
஢  ᮤন.      ᥢᡮ  ᥪ  
祭 ᫮,  ⮣ 室 ஢    -
஫  ᫥ ᫥ ⮣,   ᪥ ᠭ 室-
 ⢮ .

  "襭 孮 ᪥
  ⫨稥  ।襣 ⮤ । ᮧ   -
 ⢥ ᥪ஢ "ᠬ 騥" ᡮ ᥪ, -
, ⥬ 몠 孮 ᪥   ஬.  
᪥ ணࠬ ஢ 稥 ᡮ ᥪ஢  ᪥  
 ⪮ ⥭,  ⪮    - -
樨,     ⢮ ।襣 ᯮᮡ.

  "⠭⭠ ⭮ 
 ⭮     ᪮  ਥ-뤠  ଠ樨
஫஬  ᪮ 饭 ᪥.  饭 -
  ⠭⭮ IBM PC  ,  ᫨  -
  ஭ 奬 ᪮,   ⥮᪨  
 ᮧ ,    뢠  ᪥  
⠭⭮ ⭮ ଠ樨, ᠭ   ஦.
   ⠪    ⮤    ଠ樨,  -
 ६   .   .
  "७ ᥪ ஬⪮
   GAP3 ।  樨 ଠ஢   -
   ⥫ ।   ⢠ 
ࠧ஢ ᥪ  ஦. ᫥  ந   -
 ७ ࢠ  ᫥⥫쭮 믮塞묨  -
 ஫  "⥭ 䨪 ᥪ". ,
⠪   १  让 ⥯  ᪠  -
 饭 ᪥,  祭 ᫮ 㤥   -
筮 ࠪ㥬 १.


 @                   ᯮ짮 

 @   1. P.Norton "Programmer's guide to the IBM PC"
    - Microsoft Press 1985
 2. ..५ "IBM PC.᪮ ⥬: ஫, -
    ⥫   㦨"  - ,   , 1992
 3. ..稭, ..㪨 "᪮  ⥬  IBM-ᮢ-
     ᮭ ஢" - , Press-Media, 1993
 4. TECH Help!, Flambeaux Software, Dan Rollins
 5. ᠭ FFORMAT v2.97
 6. . "ᨮ쭠 ࠡ  MS-DOS"
    - , , 1993
 7.  ᫮  ᫨⥫ ⥬ /  ।樥
    .  . - , 設஥, 1989
 8. .ࡠ "  ஢", , , 1992


































  (c) Copyright by (cs) BREDcorp. 1995                         v1.3
  (c) Used text editor Word&Deed v7.0 by A.Gutnikov
  (c) Printed by Epson(tm) LQ-100 style 'Presti  ge'
  (c) Corrected by (Dreago)
     2 
 ; 
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