                             2.

                                                      ࠭

   1. .                                             3
   2. p⪨ p ᮢp p 䠪ᨬ쭮 裡
       ⠭ .                                  4
        2.1. 樮p 䠪ᨬ p.            4
        2.2. p⢠ 䠪ᨬ쭮 裡   pᮭ-
                .                                     6
        2.3. ⠭ .                             7
   3. ᠭ ⠭ RS-232C.                          10
        3.1. ஢ ⠭ 裡.              11
        3.2. ᨭ஭ ⮤ ।.                   12
        3.3. ஭ ⮤.                             12
	3.4  ஢ ᫥⥫ ⮪ 
             ࠧ冷  㦥 訡.                12
            3.4.1. 訡 ⭮.                        13
            3.4.2. 訡 - १.                13
            3.4.3. 訡 ஢ ।
                   .                                 14
   4. p⪠ pp ᯥ祭 䠪ᨬ
      p⮪.                                          15
        4.1. ᨬ p⮪  ⥬ 裡.      15
        4.2. ᠭ 䠪ᨬ쭮 p楤p 樨
             .30.                                         15
            4.2.1. p  筮-p
                   ⥬ ᨣ樨.                   16
            4.2.2. 㭪樨  p 筮-p
                    ᨣ.                              17
            4.2.3. ᨬ쭮  p (FCF).     18
            4.2.4. ᨬ쭮 p樮
                    (FIF).                             21
            4.2.5. ᫥⥫쭮 pp
                   p (FCS).                           21
            4.2.6. p pp⨪.               21
        4.3. pp ᯥ祭  pp.      22
            4.3.1. pp ⢠  裡.  23
            4.3.2. ᠭ 䠩 FAX.H.                   23
            4.3.3. ᠭ ᯮ㥬  㫥
                   WORK.CPP 㭪権.                       24
    5.孮 ணࠬ஢.ᯮ짮 ᨭ஭-
         RS-232c  । 䠩.             28
            5.1. ᫥⥫ 䥩                28
            5.2. ᨭ஭ ⮤ ।                29
            5.3  ᨭ஭ ।   ᨣ,
                 ᯮ㥬  ।.                30
            5.4. 㭪樨 BIOS,ᯮ㥬  ।    31
                 
            5.5.奬 ࢨ᭮ ஧⪨  ࠧꥬ
                "㭨樨"                             37
   6. ࠭ 㤠  孨 ᭮. 
        ࠦ ᪨ ⮪.               40
   7. .ࠢ   ᮧ ணࠬ
      ᯥ祭 ஫ 몠 " ᨬ  -
      "  ⠬  ਮ⥭ 筮
      㤮  ணࠬ ᯥ祭.             47
   8. 뢮.                                              52
   9. ᮪ ᯮ㥬 .                      54


                            - 2 -

  10. p
        ਫ 1.  ᠭ ⠯ B,C  D.뢠
                       ⠭ ७ ।       55
        ਫ 2.  ᠭ ⠯ B,C  D.뢠
                       ⠭ ७ ਭ        56
        ਫ 2.  ᫥⥫쭮 ᨣ         57
        ਫ 3.  -奬 ஫              58
        ਫ 4.  ⨭   몥 ppp-
                        C++. FAX.H                  59
        ਫ 5.  ⨭   몥 ppp
                       C++. WORK.CPP                   62
        ਫ 6.   ஢ ணࠬ
                       ᯥ祭













































                            - 3 -

                       21. .

      饥 ६   ⥭ᨢ  ࠧࠡ⪠ 
ந⢮ । 䠪ᨬ쭮 裡,  -
뫠  ਭ,⠭ ஭ ᯮᮡ 
ଠ ᪮ (㬠) ⥫,  ⥫䮭 
裡.  ன⢠ ࠧࠡ뢠  ᮮ⢥⢨  ⠭-
⠬ , ਭ묨 㭠த ⨢ -
⮬    ⥫䮭  ⥫䨨 ().   ᪨
த   ⢥ 㯥  ࠧ  孨
裡, 䠪ᨬ쭠   㡥 㦥 ᥩ ⠫ -
  㤮  .     ⥫  䥪⨢
䠪ᨬ쭮  裡  ,   ,    ⥫䮭,
ᯥ稢 אַ     ⠪  ,  ਭ
⨢ 襭.  ६,   ⫨稥  ⥫䮭,
 ਢ   ⮨  ९᪨,  䨪-
 । ଠ.   ᥣ譨   뤥-
 4 ᭮ ࠢ ᪠    䠪ᨬ쭮
裡:  ந⢮  㭨ᠫ 樮 䠪ᨬ
⮢, ந⢮ ⨢  䠪ᨬ-
 ⮢, ࠧࠡ⪠ ᮪᪮ ⥫䠪ᮢ  -
  ᯥ樠 ஢  裡, ࠧࠡ⪠ -
    䠪ᨬ ஫஢    ᭮
ᢥ塮 ⥣ࠫ 奬 ()    p饣  ண-
ࠬ ᯥ祭.    p p
ᮢp  孨  䠪ᨬ쭮  裡    ᮧ
p  ᥪp稢 䠪ᨬ쭮 p樨  䨤-
樠  ᮮ饭.  㠫쭮  pp⪨    p
p  p  䠪ᨬ ᮮ饭 p⭮ -
p  p㡥 p᪮ 筮-孨᪮ -
.




























                            - 4 -

       22. p⪨ p ᮢp p 䠪ᨬ쭮 裡
        2 ⠭ .

        12.1. 樮p 䠪ᨬ p.

     樮 䠪ᨬ  (⥫䠪) ।⠢-
 ᮡ ⮫ ਡ  ⥢ ⠭, 騩
 ⥫䮭   騩 ࣠ ࠢ ( ),
樨 (筮 -ᯫ   ᢥ⮤    ᢥ⮢
࠭ᯠ࠭⮢),  p⢠  -뢮 㬥⮢ (
뢠    ମ).   樮  䠪-
   ᮡ⢥묨 ⥫䮭묨 -
 ( ..  ⥣  ᥡ ⥫䮭 )    
⥫ ஥ ஢ 䥩   䠪-
ᨬ쭮 ଠ樥 ( ..   楫 ஢ ଠ-
樨).  ⥫䠪 ᮢ ਬ   -
㭠த 뭪   70- 砫 80-  ⫨砫  -
訬  ⠬    ⥫ ॡ ࣨ
(浪 300-500 ).   10-15     ⥫
ண    ࠧ⨨  孮 ந⢠ 
᮪᪮   ன 뢠 ଠ樨 
    ,   ⠪ ன ମ.  ᫥⢨
⮣ ࠧ⨥   䠪ᨬ쭮 裡 諮   
᭨  ⮢   ॡ,  襭 ࣮᪨
ࠪ⨪  ⢠ । 㬥⮢,  ७
᫠ ࢨ 㭪権,  室  䥪⨢ 裡 
⠢  饥 ६ ⠭묨.

     ୠ 奬 樮୮ 䠪ᨬ쭮
                   :

                   Ŀ
                   Ŀ 
                   Ŀ  
                           
          ٳ  8     Ŀ
             Ŀ      
       Ŀ     Ŀ      Ŀ  
     Ĵ       Ĵ                      
         1                              
                 Ĵ   5      
                     4                   
      Ŀ                           
             Ĵ      Ŀ     
         2                               
                Ŀ  
                                         
      Ŀ     Ŀ               
                                6      
         3          7     Ĵ        
     Ĵ                                
                  

     ᨬ   ⮨   ⠭ (1),-
 ࠡ뢠 殮,室  ࠡ 䠪ᨬ-
  ,㧫 ᮯ殮  ⥫䮭  (2). -
砥    ,८ࠧ 襤訥 ᨣ   -
, " "  (4).-  ॢ -

                            - 5 -

⥫ ,襤訥  , ࠫ  -
.஭⥫    ⥫䮭  㡪  (3) 㦨 
裡  ⮬, ⠪   ࠧ  -
⮢.  (4)   " ஬ " 䠪ᨫ쭮 -
.  ࠢ 뢮    筮  饥
ன⢮ (८ࠧ 襤 ஢ ଠ 
⠥ ).  ࠢ ன⢮ 筮  
ଠ樨    譥  ⥫ (5) ( ଠ) 
믮 室 樨 ( । 䠪ᨬ쭮 ᮮ-
饭 ,䠪᪮ : ᯥ⪠  㬠 ⥫ -
㬥 ࠢ  ன⢮  ଠ樨,   -
।   ). ࠢ (7) 㦥  ணࠬ-
஢ ࠡ 䠪ᨬ쭮 . 樨 (8)  -
   ⥪饣 ﭨ 䠪  㤮⢠ ணࠬ-
஢ ० ࠡ 䠪ᨬ쭮 .  䠪ᨬ-
     㤮  ஥ ⮮⢥稪
( ୮ 奬  ).饥  ன⢮  (6)
ᯥ뢠 祭 ଠ  㬠 ⥫.-
樮 ᯮ짮 ମ .  뢮  ⢫
 ᯥ樠 㬠, ⠪ 㬥   ࠭
.  ६  㬠 ⥫,  ⠪  '' -
 אַ ᮫筮 ᢥ   ஢,  -
 ᢮ ࠡ ⥯.    砫  ⪠뢠  
ਬ  ମ  ⠫ ᯮ짮  ⢥ -
饣 ன⢠ ஥  ਭ,  뢮-
 ଠ   㬠.
     ᭮ 祭  ⮣ ⨯   -
  p⨢  ९᪨  栬  -
ﬨ.  䮭 , 㥬  樠 -
    ᮮ饭 "⥫䠪",  ९  
䠪ᨬ ⮬    p樥    㤠-
묨  ⠬,室騬    窥  .
p 뤥 p  p  pp  䠪-
쭮  裡  楫 㢥  ⠢ p-
 p     ᭮ pp-
⨪      ⥫  ⠭p 㭪樨 
㤮⢠ 짮⥫.  pp  ⥫䠪 Panafax UF-600SF
(  Matsushita,  )   㭪 "p᪠ 
" p p p 䠪ᨬ쭮 ᮮ饭,
ᯥ稢  ⥫쭮 ᦠ⨥ p樨  p
 ⠭p묨 䠪ᨬ묨  (,    p.),
 ⠪ p, ⨣ 襭 p⥫쭮 p
.   ⬥,  ᯮ짮  㭪権
  p  稨  ⢥ ⮢ ⥫䠪ᮢ -
 . p Canon-270 ( Canon, ) 
  祭  㭪樨  "p p p-
",     ⠯ p p ⥫
p  䠪ᨬ쭮  p樨  p (⥬ -
p 䨫p樨) p 砥 p, ᤥ -
㬥   ⢥  p  㠫쭮 -
p.   樮 ⥫䠪ᮢ ᫥ 뤥 -
  䠪ᨬ쭮 裡 FaxWriter 4000 ( Harris-Lanier,
),  ᭮ ⫨稥 ண  㣨 ⮢ -
  稨 ୮ 饣 ன⢠,  ⠢-
襩 ࠤ樮 ମ,  ᯥ稢 襭 -
⢮ ਭ 㬥⮢.  ࠧ,  ன-
⢮,   ᮯ殮   ( ⮣ ।ᬮ७  ᨭ-
஭ ᫥⥫ 䥩 ⨯ RS-232C), ' 

                            - 6 -

ᥡ 㭪樨 樮୮ ⥫䠪, ୮ ⥫䠪,
୮  饣  ன⢠   ஢쭮 
⨯ "Xerox".

        12.2. p⢠ 䠪ᨬ쭮 裡   .

     ஥ ࠢ 䠪ᨬ쭮  裡  -  ᯮ짮
ࠨ  ᮭ  ᯥ樠஢ 
ࠢ 䠪ᨬ묨 ⮪  (䠪ᨬ -
)  ணࠬ ᯥ祭  .  ணࠬ--
 ।⢠      ॢ  ᮭ
   ன⢮ 䠪ᨬ쭮 裡  訬 ﬨ
ਥ, 䥪⨢ ࠭  ।஢ 㬥⮢.-
  ⮨⢮  ᮭ쭮   ஥묨 -
ﬨ ⥫䠪  筮  ᪫祭    
ࠡ  ⠤  ଠ樨  㬠 ⥫  ᯥ-
⪠ ਭ 㬥⮢,.. 樨  -
⢫      । /뢮  (,
 ᪥,  ᯫ,᪨  ।஢
ࠦ).  ⥩ ᮭ   䠪-
ᨬ쭮 ன ⠫ ᪨ 襭   -
 ࠧ ᮢ६ 孨:  ⠭   IBM
PC  ⢥   ப  ਬ      ᮢ६
⠭    ந⥫  짮⥫,   ⠪ 
ந⢠ 䠪ᨬ ⮢  ᫥  ࠧࠡ⪨  
⮪  G3  ⢥ ᭮ ⠭ ᮢ६ 䠪-
ᨬ쭮 裡.       ⮨  䠪ᨬ쭮
裡   㭨஢,    
⥫䠪ᮢ ந⢠ ࠧ -⮢⥫   ࠧ-
  ࠭ ⢫  室 ଠ樥  -
 ஢ ⥫䮭 .
     ६饭 䠪ᨬ쭮 ⠭   ᮭ-
 ,  㤥   ஫  뤥 饣
᪮  ⠭ ।  ⮪ ᯮ㥬 
設   ,      ⥫쭮  
஡ 㭨䨪樨 裡.
        ࠢ  ࠧ  䠪ᨬ쭮
裡  ந諠,   Xerox () ।  -
짮 ᮯ殮  ᮭ쭮   䠪ᨬ-
   495-I.䠪 믮 ⠭ 㭪樨 -
,  ,맮   । ࠦ   騬
ࠢ  .ᯥ稢  ⠪ ⥫ -
,   :     ⮪  ଠ樨,  
⥭  䠪ᨬ  -    ,  ᬮ
 ࠭ 뫠  ਭ 㬥⮢.  樠p-
 ணࠬ ᯥ祭 﫮 ८ࠧ뢠 䠩-
 ࠦ  䠪ᨬ ଠ  ⭮.   ⠪ -
⥬  ந室 ᮥ ⮨ 䠪ᨬ쭮 
 ᮭ쭮 ,   ᯥ稢   -
⢫  ࠡ 䠪ᨬ쭮 ଠ樨,    
 .   1985. ଠ Gamma Technology () -
       ࠧࠡ⠫ ਩   ᨭ-
஭   䠪ᨬ쭮 裡,  稢 -
 Gammafax   ਪ ணࠬ ᯥ祭 
ࠢ 䠪ᨬ ஫஬  ० 裡   -
⪨ ଠ樨.  ன⢮ ਮ५ ⥫쭮 -
࠭ । 짮⥫ ன 䠪ᨬ쭮  裡
   ᫥騥  ࠧࠡ⪨ ஢  -

                            - 7 -

襭,   ன⢥ Gammafax.
   譨 䠪ᬮ ࠧ   ⨯
    - ࠨ  設 .
    - 砥  ᫥⥫쭮 .[3].
   ਢ  奬 䠪ᬮ  :



ୠ 奬 䠪ᬮ ,ࠥ  :

   Ŀ    Ŀ
     1  Ĵ          2                     
                                            
       
                          
              Ŀ
                        3                     
                                              
              

      ᮯ殮   ⥫䮭   (1)  ਭ-
,ࠢ      ஭⥫.   ᬮ
 (2) (ᢥ  ⥣ࠫ쭠  奬)  ८ࠧ뢠
襤訥     (뫠   )  , ⠪ -
  㭪樨,    ॡ   -
  .  ᮯ殮    設  (3) 㦥 
ᮣᮢ 䠪    ⥬ ࠫ  ,
   묨  ஬  . ﭨ -
ன⢠       ࠢ  ந室    ᮫
(⮡ࠦ  ᯫ,    ).

     ୠ 奬 䠪ᬮ 砥  ᫥-
⥫쭮  .

  Ŀ  Ŀ   Ŀ
                                      
    1  Ĵ     2      Ĵ     3        
                                      
       
           Ŀ
	               
                4      
           

     ୠ 奬 筠 奬 ਢ    
᪫祭 : 稥 ᢥ⮤  樨 ﭨ
䠪ᬮ (4), ⠪   ࠧ稨  ᯮᮡ  ᮣᮢ  
஬ 㧥 (3).  ⠪   ,
  ᯫ  㡫஢ ﭨ ன⢠.

                12.3. ⠭ 

     ६ 䠪ᨬ쭠    饥 -
  ᮢ襭 ।⢮   ।  ⥪⮢  
᪮ ଠ樨, ⠪  㬥⮢  ⥫䮭
 裡.  譨 䠪ᨬ   -
  ਭ 讥 ⢮ ਣ,ࠡ -
   ⥫䮭 ,   ਬ ⮬᪨

                            - 8 -

,  ।    ⠢  ६  
().ᨬ      ࠡ      ᪠-
,ਭ,।⢥   䠪ᨬ   -
஢쭠 設.     樨 㯭
६.   ⥬, । ⠯ ࠧ⨥ 䠪-
ᨬ쭮 裡   ' 䠪ᨬ  -
      .  ⬥, 㦥  ன⢠ -
䠪ᬮ ,騥 ᯮ짮     ⢥
।⢠  裡. ,㤮 ⨬ ன-
⢠,   ⢥ ⪮ :    ।
    ଠ,⮬    -
⮢뢠 ᪠஬  ⮫쪮 ᫥ ⮣    ࠡ-
   ० 䠪ᨬ쭮 .   㣨 -
⪠ ᫥  ⭥  ,  ⥬᪮  ᯥ祭,
⠢塞    ⨬ ன⢠, 祭 ண-
ࠬ த⮬   쬠 ஡筮 ᯮᮡ 
ࠡ   ⠢ 㣨 ணࠬ,  ᫥⥫쭮  
।뢠 ணࠬ ࠢ    --
⮢⥫   樨 ⥬᪮ ᯥ祭.ᯮ-
 䠪ᨬ  ᮢ⭮  ஬ , -
  ⥬  訬 ﬨ, ⮬ ᫥ :
     -  ⥪⮢  ᪮  ଠ樨    
(ᯮ짮  ᪠)
     - ᯥ⪠ ଠ樨  饬 ன⢥  䠪-
쭮  .(      ਭ-
஬).
     - ।  ଠ樨     १ 䠪ᨬ
 ( ⮬ ய 譥   :  ஬-
筠 ᯥ⪠ 㬥).
     -  ᯮ짮     
ࠡ⪥ 䠪ᨬ쭮 ଠ樨.
     - 訥  ஢ ଠ樨.
     - ਥ  / । 䠪ᨬ쭮 ᮮ饭  䠪-
 .  ⠭  裡    ⮬  㦥
⮩ ⥫䮭.
       ⮣    ࠧࠡ⪠  䠪ᨬ-
-ᯮ饣  ,  ⮬᪨ 㤥 -
 ଠ  ।   ᨬ    -
.  ᬮ ⭮ ࠧ㧨 㧥 裡  
    㣮 ࣠樨,    ⥭ᨢ
    ⥫䮭    裡.祬  㦨
⮣  㦥 ⮫쪮  ,    裡-
⮢.  ᫨      㤥  ⠢ 쭮  
  㤥   ଠ  ᠬ  ⨢
ࠧ  אַ  ᢮  ,   室  ࠡ祣 -
,ࠢ ଠ १  .
      祭  ⥬  裡   ᭨, 
 㤮 ᢮  ⠢,뢠 "-
 䥩".    ᯮ짮   ⢥
ன ⥫᭮ 裡  ।    ਪ,-
㬥⮢   㣮 ⥪⮢ ଠ.   饥 ६ 
 ⨫ 室  ⥫᭮ 裡   䠪ᨬ쭮,-
⮬    ஡  ᮯ殮 䠪ᨬ ⮢ 
㦥 騬 ।⢠ 裡.  祭 孨-
  㬥樨    "  ⥫ 䥩 "᭨,
ࠧࠡ稪  ॠ  ⠭    ।
,  ᠭ    筮-孨᪮ .
⥭, " ஫ 몠 1- ".   ࠡ  ⮣

                            - 9 -

஫ ,    ᯮ짮  訬
ࠡ⪠  ᮯ殮 䠪ᨬ쭮    ,
 ᮧ  ⮩ ᭮ ⥬ 裡  訬 -
ﬨ,    뫮 㪠 .ப ᯮ짮-
  ⠪ ⥬ ᤥন ⢨ 室 ண-
ࠬ ᯥ祭.
          p    ࠧࠡ⪠
pp ᯥ祭 pp  몠  ⨯  1-  
pᮭ쭮    祩 ᯥ  䠪ᨬ쭮 -
p樥,  ᯮ ⠭p p⮪. ࠬ  ⮣
몠  ᠭ      25007-81,26555-85    ४樨
,⠭  V.2,  V.22, V.26, V.27bis, V.50  V.55.
 । 祭  㥬  裡 ⮭쭮
.    ந 㫨஢묨 ᨣ-
  ࠡ祩     ( 20855-83). 㠫-
   ⮨    室  ppp⭮
몮 pᮭ쭮 ,   p ᯮ饣-
  饥 p 㭨pᠫ쭮 ᫨⥫쭮  -p-
饥 p⢠,  ன, ন饩 䠪ᨬ -
⮪.  p ⮣, pp   ⢮  
p p㣨  p樨.  pᯥ⨢  ᮧ-
 pp-p⭮      pᮭ쭮
 ⨯ IBM PC AT  ᯮ짮  ⢥ ⠢ -
 pp ᯥ祭  p 䠪ᨬ쭮  p-
樨.    p⠢ 楫ᮮp p
 業p ⥩ 裡  p⪨, p  p p-
筮 p樨.
































                           - 10 -

                  23. ⠭ RS-232C.

     ⠭ 䥩  RS-232  ࢮ砫쭮 ࠧࠡ-
⠭  ᮯ殮  ନ    筮  㤮
()   (஬/஬)  -
ன । (). 饥  ६    䥩
ᯮ    ᮯ殮 ࠪ᪨  ன⢠ 
ᮭ묨 ࠬ IBM PC,    ⠪    묨
ࠬ 㣨 ⨯.ᨭ஭ 痢  -
 IBM PC  ᯥ稢  ॠ  䥩    ⨯
RS-232C  ᮮ⢥⢨  ⠭⮬ EIA.⠭ IEA(Electro-
nics Industries Association -樠 ஭ ஬諥-
) RS-232C ⥭ :
     -  ᠭ 楯  - ४樨 V.24 .
     -  ࠪ⨪ ᪮ ᨣ - ४-
樨 V.28 .
     -   堭᪨  ࠪ⨪ - ᠭ 25 - -
⠪⭮ ࠧ'  -  祭 ⠪⮢ ⠭-
 ISO2110.
      
      14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22  23  24  25
     1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  12  13
   
      㭪  ࠧ 뢮 25 ⠪⭮ ᮥ-
    ⨯  D,  ᯮ  ⢥ 筮
(DB24P)  ஧筮 (DB25)  ᮥ⥫    -
ன,  ਬ ⠭ 䥩 RS-232.᫥-
⥫ 䥩 RS-232C ॠ  㭨ᠫ쭮  -
奬 8251.

      뢮  ᮥ⥫ DB25 䥩 RS-232C.
Ŀ
     ࠢ          祭 楯     
 ⠪⠳ ।                                       
Ĵ
   1         -          ⭮               
   2        뢮       ।  (TD)         
   3                ਭ   (RD)         
   4        뢮        ।     (RTS)        
   5                ⮢  । (CTR)      
   6                ⮢  (DCR)             
   7         -          ᨣ쭮   騩  
                         ஢                  
   8                ⥪ ਭ   
                        ᨣ RLSD         
   9         -          N - १                       
  10         -          N - १                       
  11        뢮       롮  ।           
  12                RLSD ⭮ ᨣ           
                        (筮)               
  13                ⮢ ⭮       
                        ( CTS)                  
  14        뢮       ।  ⭮    
                                                   
  15                ᨭ஭ ⮢ ।-  
                         ᨣ                  
  16                ਭ  ⭮     


                           - 11 -

Ŀ
                         ( RD)            
  17                ᨭ஭ ⮢ ਭ-   
                         ᨣ                    
  18        뢮        諥 (諥 N 3 )       
  19        뢮       ᨣ । ⭮  
                        ( RTS)                  
  20        뢮           (CDSTL) * 
                        ⮢ ନ (DTR)     * 
  21        뢮       㤠 諥  (諥 2)     * 
                    ⥪ ⢠ ᨣ      * 
  22                 맮 () (RI)   
  23        뢮       ᥫ ᪮ ᨣ     * 
                        - - - - - - - - - - - - -      * 
  24                ᨭ஭ ⮢ ।-  
                         ᨣ                  
  25                 ⠭              

  ਬ砭 :* 롨ࠥ   



      13.1. ஢ ⠭ 裡.


     ⮡ ⠭    ,ன⢠,  ࠢ-
,뤠 ᨣ,    " ନ "  
㣠    ⮬,      ।  ⮢
   ਥ .᫨   ன ࠢ  -
  ᨬ 㣮 ன,஥    -
 믮     ,  ।  ᨣ
㤥 .  ஢ -  楤  ᨣ
 ⠭ 裡,⢫ ⮫쪮  ।
᫮.  ⮡  ନ஢ ਥ  稨  
।,।稪 ࠢ ᨣ "  ।稪  "
(RTS). ᨣ  뢠 ⥪ ,   -
 䨪  㯫   横᪮ -
.㦨 ⠪ ᨣ,ਥ 稢 ⥪ -
  ⢥砥 ।稪 ᨣ  "    ।稪  "
(CTS),㪠뢠騬, ਥ ⮢  ਥ ᨬ. -
稪  ।        ,    
室  㯨 ᨣ CTS.   ஢ ⠭-
 裡  ࠧ   ࠧ ⥬.  
ᮢ襭 ⥬ ᯮ ⠪ ⥫ ᨣ-
 ஢.  ⥬  ஭    묨
ॡ      㯮 ᨣ ஢. ਬ
஢ ⠭ 裡 :

                                                 
 Ŀ          Ŀ
 ï।   > ਭ     
 ਭ    <Ĵ ।    
  ।稪   >  ।稪     
  ।稪    <Ĵ  ।稪    
 ⮢ ନ > ⮢      
 ⮢     <Ĵ ⮢ ନ  
 ᨣ쭮 Ĵ ᨣ쭮  
           

                           - 12 -


             13.2. ᨭ஭ ⮤ ।.

      ᫥⥫쭮 ⥬ 裡 ࠧ   ।-
  ⮪. ᨭ஭ ᫥⥫쭠 ⥬ -
  ।  "  ਥ"      ᨬ
(.    ࠧ冷). ᨭ஭ ⥬ -
 । ࠧ來    ᨬ쭮  ᮮ饭
⢫  ⢫    뢭 -
⮪   . 㭪 ,  -
 ᨭ஭ ।  ᨬ.

᪠ D0 D1  D2 D3  D4  D5  D6     ⮯  ࠧ
  Ŀ   Ŀ      Ŀ   Ŀ   Ŀ
  1(                              
  )                               
                                     砫 ᫥1-
  砫               饣1 0ᨬ1-
       ⮢                    ࠧ         
       ࠧ                       ⭮

        ⠪  ।  १ 䥩 -
ࠢ  ࠧ ,  ࠢ,䥩 ணࠬ-
   ।  ࠬ    ।稪 
ᨭ஭஢  ਥ - ਥ " ",  -
।稪 㤥 ࠢ  .⥫쭮,室
।⢠,ᯮᮡ ᨣ஢  ⮬   ਥ  -
⮢  㯨   .  蠥 ⥬ ।
 室 ਥ ⥫쭮 ࠧ鸞,  뢠
⮢.    ஡ ᨭ஭ ⮤ । 
뢠   " 孮 ணࠬ஢ ".

             13.3. ஭ ⮤.

     । ᨭ஭ ᨬ ⠪ ⮨  5-8  
易⥫  ⮬  ,   -⮯ -
⮢. ᨬ ᮤঠ  ᫮  N  ६ -
  ࠧ  ࢠ  N  .ᮬ  -
 ࠢ   ᠬ ᨭ஭, ਬ-
      ஢  , ࠭ ᨭ஭
 ᮢ.।稪  । ᨬ   祭
  N-⭮ ࢠ. ।  稭 
ਨ ᨬ ᨭ஭樨,    㣨
ᨬ.筮    ᮢ  宫묨 ᨬ; 
ASCII ᨬ  ᨭ஭樨  ,  0010110.  ਥ-
,     ᨬ ᨭ஭樨,஢
          ᫥⥫쭮
 筮 ᮮ⢥ ⠬  ᨬ ᨭ஭樨,-
, 砫 ।.


     13.4. ஢ ᫥⥫ ⮪ 
              1ࠧ冷    㦥 訡.

     ணࠬ஢  ।  (  )  -
  묨 , ᮮ⢥騩 ⠭ ॡ-
 ,  .   ( ࠧ來 ) ᨬ , ⨯ -
஫ ⭮,  ᫠ ⮯ ࠧ冷  ᪮ । 

                           - 13 -

,⢫  ⥬  ᮮ⢥饩 樨
 ࠧ冷  ॣ . ᫥ ⠪ ணࠬ-
  ᯮᮡ 뤥 ᨬ  ⮪ ࠧ冷,-
   ᫥⥫쭮  ,    ⢨  
८ࠧ  8-ࠧ來 ࠫ ଠ ,   ஬
। ଠ ᯮ  ய.  -
  ⠪  믮  ८ࠧ  8  -  ࠧ來 ᨬ-
,㯠  ய ,   ᮮ⢥騩 ⮪
᫥⥫  ࠧ冷    ⥬  ।  ⮪ 
묨   /⮯묨 ࠧ鸞,  ⠪ ࠧ鸞
⭮ १  ᫥⥫쭮 뢮
     ஬ ⮣ ,   뤠 ᨣ ஢ ⠭-
 裡.   ⠪ ᯮᮡ 㦨  訡    ⮪
ਭ      뫠 ய ᮮ饭 
訡, ।⥫쭮 뢠  ॣ ﭨ .
 RS-232C ᯮᮡ 㦨 訡  ⨯:
     - 訡 ⭮ (1).
     - 訡 - १ (2).
     - 訡 ஢ ।  (3).
ᬮਬ ஡ ᫥  訡.

            13.4.1. 訡 ⭮.

      ஫  ⭮    訬  ࠧ冷
ᨬ.짮⥫  ।ᬮ ஫  ⭮
  ⭮   ⪠    ⠪  -
.᫨  ࠭ ஫  ⭮, ࠧ ஫,-
㥬  ।饩 ஭,⠭  1   -
뢠    0   ⠪ ⮬,⮡  ᨬ ( ᠬ
ࠧ ஫)  ᫮ ࠧ冷,ᮤঠ  
1  뫮 .筮 ⠭ ࠧ ஫ -
⭮ -  롨ࠥ ⠪ ࠧ,  ᫮  -
  ᨬ 뫮 ⭮.ਬ  । 7-ࠧ來-
  0100110 (    ASCII)  쬮  ࠧ,騩
訬,  ⠭    1,  롮 ஫ 
⭮   0  ஫  ⭮.

            13.4.2. 訡 - १.

        ᨬ,㯨訩    ᫥-
⥫쭮 ,  ।⥫쭮 㤠   ⮢  
⮯  ࠧ, ⥬ 頥  ᨬ  ਥ -
.᫥ ⮣,   ᨬ 㤥 ஢ 楫, -
    設 ,㤠  ᬮ  -
ய .  ⥬  ⠭ 䫠 ⮢ ਥ-
  ,  㪠뢠騩    稥 . ﭨ ⮣
䫠  ⢫ ணࠬ ⥬. ⠪ ᮥ-
  室  ,   뢮 ﭨ 䫠-
,।⢥   뢠 ,ᮥ  奬
ࠡ⪨ 뢠  ய.
     ᫨ ய  ᬮ  祭  ᨬ
᢮६,ਥ      設   -
ন ࠧ ᫥ ஢  ᨬ. ᨫ -
  ᫥ ᨬ 㤥    뢠  -
ய஬. 맮 ⠭ 䫠 訡 -  -
    ॣ  ﭨ.⮡  㦨  ⠪ 訡-
,ய 室 ᬮ ᮤন ॣ
ﭨ     뢠   ᨬ  

                           - 14 -

設 ,᪮ ᨣ ⥭ ᮤন ⮣  
६ 뢠 䫠 訡 - १.


            13.4.3. 訡 ஢ । .


      訡  ஢  ॣ ﭨ  -
   ,  ਥ,  㯫
1,. ⮯ ࠧ鸞 ( ࠧ冷)   ᨬ,
⮣ 뢠 0. 訡 ஢   १
    ࠧ冷,᫮  ⢨  㬮
ᮢ.      , ⮪ -
  ࠧ冷 뢠  ࠢ쭮 ᪮ ।-
.
     ࠭ 稫 ⮤, ஬  䫠 -
    ணࠬ  ஫쭠 㬬
᫥  㯫  ।⥫쭮    ᫠ ᨬ
(⠪  뢠 ). ஫쭠 㬬 -
    ᨬ,⨯筠  ண ⠢
128  256  ,   ᠬ ஫쭠 㬬,  ࠢ,
    ᥣ  1  . 祭 ஫쭮 㬬
 ࠧ묨 ᮣ襭ﬨ.     -
    ⢥    ᯮ 㬬  ⮢  -
,᪫ ᪫ ७  ९,   -
⥫    ⮩  㬬.    ஫  -
,㦠騩  ⠪ 뢠 த쭮  ஫  -
  ,   ।⠢ ᮡ  騩 ⮣
権 " ᪫饥  "  ᥬ ।묨  ᨬ
  ᨬ.祢,   樨 ஫쭮 㬬
ਭ⮣  ᨬ   ਥ    ᯮ짮
   ,  ।稪,  ⠪   ⨢ -
砥 㤥 ᪫祭  ࠢ ।  ਭ-
⮩ ஫ 㬬.
     宦 ।  ᫥   ਥ  -
஫  㬬     訡,襩  । -
.⥫쭮 室  ୠ ।.  -
   ⥬ ਥ  뫠   -
뫠 ।稪 ᨣ ⢥ত ਥ   -
        ᥠ ।.᫨ ।稪 㤥
ନ஢  訡   ஫쭮  㬬,    ।
୮    ᮮ饭 楫,  , ஫쭮
㬬 ண 㦥 訡.
















                           - 15 -


     24. p⪠ pp ᯥ祭 䠪ᨬ p-
        2⮪.

       ⮪ ᭮ ⮬ ଠ樨  -
 ,   ᯮ짮  ⮫쪮  ।-
 ,     ஫  .  ⮬,  稭騬
  8 ⮢ 䫠 (F): 01111110 ,   -
  () ,    p (), ६ - N 
ଠ樮  ,  16  ⮢  ᫥⥫쭮 ஢ન
 (FCS)  8  饣 䫠  (F).    p
奬 p p 䠪ᨬ쭮 p⮪ .

 Ŀ
  F (8)  A (8)  C (8)  DATA (N) FCS  (16)   F (8)  
 

           14.1. ᨬ p⮪  ⥬ 裡.

      㦥  ⬥砫  ,  ࠧ⨥  ᮢ襭⢮
孨 䠪ᨬ쭮 裡 ⢫    ᮮ⢥⢨  
४ﬨ  㭠த  ⨢   
䮭  䨨 ().
      ४樨  0 ।  䠪ᨬ쭮 -
  㯯  ᮮ⢥⢨  冷 ࠬ஢. ,  
㯯 G1 ⭮ ,  ᯮ騥   
묨 ᠬ  p  -    ᦠ-
    ᨣ  ᭨ 筮  ਣ 
। ⥪⮢ 㬥⮢ ଠ   4    쭮
⭮  ࠧ⪨ 4 ப/  ⠭⭮ ⥫䮭-
 ()   祭 6 .
      㯯  G2  ⭮ ,  ᯮ ᦠ⨥
ਭ  p   楫 祭 ६  -
 浪 3     ⠭⭮ ଠ  4
 ࠧ⪮ 4  ப/.  ⨥  ਭ    
砥  ஢ / 筮   -
,   ᪫砥 ࠡ ᨣ 㬥   ᭨
筮.
     , ⭮  㯯 G3,  ᮤন  ।⢠
᭨ 筮 ଠ樨  ᨣ 㬥  -
 樨,    ᯥ ६ । ⠭-
⭮    ⥪⮢  ଠ樨   4  1  
-.   ⢫ ᦠ⨥   ᨣ-
.  㯯 ⢥砥 ४樨 .30.
      㯯 G4 ᮤন ।⢠ ᭨ -
  ᨣ 㬥  ।,  ࠧ  -
 ।  饣 짮 (PDN).   
ᯮ 楤 ਥ  PDN  ᯥ稢 -
筮   ⮢p   -.
        p pp⠭ pp -
祭  pp p㯯 G3.

     14.2. ᠭ 䠪ᨬ쭮 p楤p 樨 .30.

      ⢥  p⬠    pp  
  p,  p   樨 .30 ("p楤p
 䠪ᨬ쭮 p 㬥⮢   p㥬  ⥫-
䮭  饣 짮"). -奬 p⬠ p-

                           - 16 -

  p 5.      p祭
  p   ᥩ 䠪ᨬ쭮 pp  p
㬥⮢,  pᬠp   .2,  .3, .4
.    뢠 p楤p  ᨣ, p 
ᯮ짮 p ᯫ樨  䠪ᨬ쭮  pp  
p㥬  ⥫䮭   饣 짮.  ᫨ -
 p㤮,  p饥 ᯮᮡ,   pᬮ-
p ,      p㤮, p饬
 ᮮ⢥⢨  ﬨ p .
      饥 p  ᥬ  ᯮᮡ -
樨  ᨬ   㦨 (p筮   -
⮬᪮)   ﭨ 뢠饩 ⠭ (p 
p),    p   ᠭ  ⤥묨
᫥⥫묨 ⠯:

      . ⠭ ᮥ.
      . p楤p  p-ᮮ饭  䨪樨  -
             p p㥬 p.
      . p ᮮ饭 ( 䠧p  ᨭ-
             p,   p).
      D. p楤p -ᮮ饭,    p楤p
             砭 ᮮ饭,   ⢥p   p
             ᪮쪨 㬥⮢.
      E. ꥤ. 뢠   p ⥬
             ᨣ樨:  p - p ⥬, ᯮ-
               ᨣ,    p  -
             ⥬ 筮  p,  p⠢
             p p ᨣ  p樨  ᫮-
               p楤.

     筮-p ⥬  ᨣ樨  ᭮  
p  ᮪p  p    (HDLC),
pp⠭  p楤p p . ᭮ p-
p HDLC ⮨  p鸞 p,    p  
p .  ᯥ稢 pp p, p 訡
 ⢥p p쭮 p⮩ p樨, p祬 -
p   pp  砥 ⠪ 室  -
饬.
     ᫥⥫쭮 ⢨ 䠪ᨬ ⠭
 p 樨 .30 p  p 1.

     14.2.1. p  筮-p ᨣ樨.

     1. ⢥  p ⮣  ⮫쪮 ⮣, 
p㦥 ⮢p . ᫥ p ⮢p -
    p  祭 3 ᥪ㭤.
     2. ᫨ p 易⥫ p,    -
p⢥  p⢮   易⥫쭮 p -
/⢥,  p p.   ⮬ 砥 5-  ⮬
  p    0    易⥫ p  1
⮫쪮  筮 p.
     3.   ⮫쪮 p p  p
⠭,    樨p p饩 ⠭  
pᮬ  ᮮ⢥饣  ⢥   p饩 ⠭.
p  ⨬ p ⢥  pp蠥  ⮫쪮    砥
p  ⮢p  .  ᫨  p ⠭ 
p ᮮ⢥騩 ⮢p ⢥  祭 3   +-
15%,    p ;  ᫥ p ᯥ ⮪

                           - 17 -

p ⠭ p   pꥤ (DCN)  
稢  맮.     ⢥ ⮢p  
⪫, ᫨:
     -   p, 易⥫  易⥫, -
 訡 FCS; -   p p蠥 3  +- 15%;

     -  p   p饣  5, ⠭
  1;  -  p   p ⠭p
p /⢥.
     4. p  ⥫쭮 3   p p -
   ᮪p饭 ⥬ ᯮ짮 易⥫쭮-
 ⢥  p  (CRP).  ᫨ p -
 p ⢥ CRP,     p -
p ᠬ ᫥ .
     5.  p p砫쭮 p楤p  p-ᮮ饭  
    ⠭    pp (   p稪
 p).  ⮬ ⠭,  p    DIS,
p  p   p,    ᮮ⢥⢨  p-
楤p  ⠭  p ᥡ,  ᫥ 祣
 ᫥ p  p騥 p楤p.

      1.
     - 祭 ᨬ쭮 ⥫쭮 p 3    +-  15%
       ᫥騥:
     -   p p   p 2,55 ;
     -  p p, p騩 3,45 ,  ⪫-
        ;
     -  p p ⥫쭮  2,55  3,45 ᬮ-
         ⪫.

      2. - 筠 ⠭  ⪫ p-
 ᨣ DIS   ⮬, ⠭ ⮩ -
筮 ⠭.

     14.2.2. 㭪樨  p 筮-p ᨣ.

      . 쬨⮢ 䫠 -
⥫쭮  HDLC  ᯮ   祭 砫 
 p.   䠪ᨬ쭮 p楤p 䫠  ᫥-
⥫쭮  ᯮ  楫 ⠭ ⮢  横-
 ᨭp樨.  pp뢭 p 䫠  ᫥-
⥫쭮   ᯮ짮  ⮣,  ⮡ 㪠 㤠-
 ⠭,  p ⠥  ,   -
饥 p  ⮢  p室  䠪ᨬ쭮 p楤p.

     p: 0111 1110.

      . 쬨⮢ p᭮  HDLC p-
祭  䨪樨 p  ⠭  (⠭)
p  p᭮  p樨  裡.   砥 p 
p㥬 ⥫䮭  饣 짮   -
p稢  p⮬.

     p: 1111 1111.

      .   쬨⮢    p  HDLC
ᯥ稢  p   ⢥⮢,  -
 ᪫⥫쭮  䠪ᨬ p楤p p.

                           - 18 -


     p: 1100 X000.

     X = 0  p,     묨    p
p楤p,  X  =  1   p  p p楤p.
 p p  ᫥ p,  p 
 ⢥  㤠 ⠭.

      .  p樮  HDLC  -
p     ᮤp ᯥ樠 p  
p  ᮮ饭   䠪ᨬ묨 ⠭-
.  樨 .30      : 䠪-
쭮  p (FCF)   䠪ᨬ쭮  p樮
 (FIF).



     14.2.3. ᨬ쭮  p (FCF).

     ᨬ쭮  p p  p -
ᥬ  p樮  HDLC.    ᮤp 
p  ⭮⥫쭮 ⨯  pᯮ p -
p樨  饩 ᫥⥫쭮.  祭 ⮢  p-
 FCF ᫥饥:
     ᫨ X   p  FCF,   X 㤥 p-
 ᫥騬 p:
     - X ⠭  1 ⠭,  p  p
⮢p ᨣ DIS;
     - X ⠭  0 ⠭,  p  p
⮢p ᨣ  ᮮ⢥騩 ⢥  ᨣ DIS;
     - X ⠥  ,  ⠭ ᭮  -
  砫 ⠯ .

      .   뢠  뢠饩 -
⠭.

     p: 0000 XXXX.

        (DIS) pp  ⠭-
p   뢠 p.

     p: 0000 0001.

         (NSF).    ⥫
ᨣ  ᯮ짮   䨪樨  ᯥ᪨
p 짮⥫,  p  p -
ﬨ p .

     p: 0000 0100.

       .   뢠饩 ⠭,  饩
 p,  뢠 ⠭, p ᯮᮡ -
p.

     p: 1000 XXXX.

        (DTC).  ⢥ p 
 ⠭p , p塞 ᨣ DIS.

                           - 19 -


     p: 1000 0001.

        (NSC).   -
⥫ ᨣ  ⢥⮬ p    p-
, ᮤp  ᨣ NSF.

     p: 1000 0100.

       .  p稪  p.

     p: X100 XXXX.

        (DCS). p ⠭筠 -
,  ⢥  ⠭p  ,  p塞
ᨣ DIS.

     p: X100 0001.

        (NSS).   -
⥫ ᨣ  ⢥⮬ p    -
p, ᮤp  ᨣ NSC  NSF.

     p: X100 0100.

        .   p  p-
稪.

     p: X010 XXXX.

         (CFR). p ⢥:
⢥p騩,   p楤p p-ᮮ饭 p襭  
 稭 p ᮮ饭.

     p: X010 0001.

         .   p稪
 p.  pp p㯯 3 p p楤p  p-
 p ᮮ饭,   ⠪ ᯥ樠 ᨣ 
ᮮ⢥⢮ 樨 .4.

       -.  p稪  p.

     p: X111 XXXX.

       (EOM).  뢠   p 䠪-
ᨬ쭮 p樨   p  砫 ⠯ .

     p: X111 0001.

       (MPS). 뢠   p-
 䠪ᨬ쭮 p樨   p  砫 ⠯  -
 p ⢥p.

     p: X111 0010.

       (EOP). 뢠   p 䠪-
쭮 p樨   ,    㬥⮢  p-

                           - 20 -

,   ⠪  p室  ⠯ E ᫥ p ⢥p-
.

     p: X111 0100.

       -.  p  p稪.

     p: X011 XXXX

        (MCF).  뢠,   p
 ᮮ饭   ᫥ ᫥騥 ᮮ饭.  (
⥫ ⢥  MPS  EOM).

     p: X011 0001.

          (RTP).  뢠:  
p  ᮮ饭   ⥫ ᮮ饭 
᫥  ᫥  p p ᨣ p /
䠧p,  ⠪ CFR.

     p: X011 0011.

          (RTN).  뢠,  
p饥  ᮮ饭 p p쭮.   쭥訩
p  p ᫮,  ᨣ p / 䠧-
p  p p.

     p: X011 0010.

         (PIP).  뢠,  
ᮮ饭 p,  쭥 p   -
⥫⢠  pp.  ᫨  pp   訢  ᫨
 ᫥ 쭥訥 㬥, 䠪ᨬ쭠 p楤p
 稭  砫 ⠯ .

     p: X011 0101.

         (PIN).  뢠,  
p饥  ⥪饥 ᮮ饭 p 㤮⢮p⥫쭮
  쭥 p   ⥫⢠ p-
p. ᫨ pp  訢  ᫨  p
쭥訥 㬥, 䠪ᨬ쭠 p楤p  稭-
  砫 ⠯ .

     p: X011 0100.

     . -  p    ᯮᮡ
  ᨣ  PIN  PIP.  ᮡ p 
ᨣ 易⥫쭠.

        .  p⪨ 訡 
p ﭨ .

     p: X101 XXXX.

      (DCN).   㪠뢠  砫 ⠯
E (pꥤ ᮥ).    p ⢥.


                           - 21 -

     p: X101 1111.

       (CRP).   易⥫ ⢥ 㪠-
뢠,    p    뫠  p  訡 
  p  (       易-
⥫ p).

     p: X101 1000.

     14.2.4. ᨬ쭮 p樮  (FIF).

          ᨣ FCF 㤥 ᫥ p-
 ⥫ ⮢  쬨 ⮢   ᫥饣
筥 䠪ᨬ쭮 p楤p.  p  ᭮
筮-p ⥬ 㤥      p
p樨  ᨣ DIS, DCS, DTC, NSC, NSF  NSS. 祭
⮢ p  樨 .30  ᮮ⢥饩 ⠡-
    pᬠp.

     14.2.5. ᫥⥫쭮 pp p (FCS).

     FCS   p⠢  ᮡ ᫥⥫쭮  16
⮢.     "1" 㬬 (   2), -
 :
     - ⪠   (  2) x (x + x + x +...+  x
1)  p騩  x + x + x + 1,  k - ᫮ ⮢ 
p  ᫥ ⮬ 䫠 砫  p ⮬  FCS,
᪫  ,  ⠢塞   ᯥ祭 pp筮, 
⪠ ᫥ 㬭 x  ᫥饣   (  
2)  p騩  x + x + x + 1 ᮤp p -
 ᫥ ⮬ 䫠 砫  p ⮬ FCS,  ᪫
,⠢塞  ᯥ祭 pp筮.

     14.2.6. p pp⨪.

      1 - p,  祭 p  ⠭ -
 p p p㣠.  1 ⠢ 35 +- 5 ,
稭  室  ⠯   稢 ᫥ p㦥
⮢p ᨣ  祭 p 1.
      2 ᯮ  p p  -
  ⢥⠬  楫 p㦥  p  ᨭp樨
/⢥. 2 ⠢ 6 +- 1   稭 p -
p ᪠  (pp,  1- 室    pp
" p",  . -奬). 2 p ⠭-
 p p 䫠 HDLC   祭 p 2.
      3 - p,  p稢 ⠭  
pp ⭮ pp  pp뢠 p楤p.  ᫨
pp  蠫,  ⠭ pp頥    -
p p㣨   ⢥.  3 ⠢ 10 +-  5  ,
稭  p p p㦥 ᨣ /⢥ p-
p뢠 p楤p (  PIN/PIP  PRI-Q)  p  -
⠭  ᫥  祭 p 3   pp
稭  p.

      4 - ⠭  3  +- 15%   ⮬-
᪨ ⠭.



                           - 22 -

          14.3. pp ᯥ祭  pp.

      p樨  裡    ⢥ 
ᯮ짮 ᨭp p 8251  p ᨭp-
   ᨭpᨬ. [3]  ᮮ⢥⢨  -
 .30 ६ ஬⮪  ।祩 ஢  -
 ।祩 䫠 ᫥⥫쭮 쬨⮢ ᨬ-
.   砥,   ppp  ᯥ  
p樨    ⮣,   ᫥ p p-
 p, p室  ⠢ ᨭpᨬ
  ⮪ .  p,  ᫨  ⢥ ᨭpᨬ -
짮 䫠 ᫥⥫쭮,    ⮬᪨
㤥 p᫨p  p.   ᫥-
 ᭮ - ⠢ 䫠  p p p. 
p⠭ p p p p饭  p業,
 p .  p p    p᪨
᫥  ,    ⮢  p樨  8251
p室 p p,  祬  p   ᪮p  
9600   ⥫쭮.  ⮬  祭 p p 
   ᥣ  .
      p  p ᫥⥫쭮⥩, ᯮ-
㥬  pp  ⢥    ppp㥬  ⠩p
8253.   ᯮ  ᫥ p:
     p 1,   0 - pp p. ᯮ 
p⪨ ᨭpᮢ p p ᨭp樨.
     p 1,   1 - 騩 ⨢pp. ᯮ
p p ᭮ ᨣ.
     p 1,   2 - 騩 ⨢pp. ᯮ
 p⪨ ᨭpᮢ p 譥 ᨭp樨.
     p 2,  0 - p pp饣 ᨣ. ᯮ-
  p⪨ pp뢠  p.   ᪮p-
 ᢮ 祭.
     p 2,  1 - p pp饣 ᨣ. ᯮ-
  p⪨ ᨣ "⢨ p".
     p 2,  2 -  pp饣 ᨣ. ᯮ-
  p⪨ pp뢠  p p襭 -
 .
     p ᠭ  pp  ᯥ祭   ᯮ짮
 C++.   롮p  訬 ﬨ -
묨  ᠬ 몥   p  p  -
 㭪権.  襩 ⥯  p p p-
pp   ᯥ祭 ᨬ. p樨
⨥  ⪠      楫  ᥫ ("%")  ⮢
ᤢ (">>"  "<<") 祭 㤠筮 ᠫ  p. p-
  ⮣ 祭 㤮  ᯮ짮  p -
p樨  p権     楫    ᨬ
⨯:  unsigned long int, unsigned int  unsigned char. 㭪-
 clock(),  ᠭ   䠩  time.h    
᪮쪮-  ᫮⥩  p樥 p 
p.
      pp  室   ᮮ⢥⢨  -
ﬨ 樨 .30 ⥫쭮 䠪ᨬ쭮 p㤮-
 p㯯 3  pᯮ   䠩:  fax.h  work.cpp
p⠢  p 5  6.   p
⢨  䠪ᨬ묨 p⠬ p㯯 1  2.  p
⮣ ᪫祭  ⥫⢠ pp    ⠯
믮 p⬠  pp뢠 裡.


                           - 23 -


     14.3.1. pp ⢠  裡.

     p ⥬,    믮  ⢨  pᠭ
p⬮  p樨 .30,  㦭 㡥  p
p  ⭮ ⠪   㤠  p㤮.  ⮬
⠯  p  易⥫  pp 稭
p   ⮣. ᫥ p ᪮p   -
樨  pp  뢠  㭪 tests1().  稥
ᨣ  室 pp p ᨣ IC.  -
⠭  砥  p.   쭥襬
p pp  祭 1000 ⠪⮢    ⮣,
⮡  ⫨  ᨣ    .   砥 ⢨ -
- ᮮ饭  pp p⥫쭮 p  -
 室   pp p쭮 .   -
砥  ᯥ p室 pp  pp
室 ᨣ.  p ⮬ ᯮ 堭 pp뢠,
pᬮp pp稪  pp.  p  -
⪫  ⠭  ᨣ  ERRINT  - p 몠.
   pp뢠.  ᫨ ⠭     ᨣ
INTG,   室    p㥬,  p⨢-
 砥 - .  ᥬ ⮬ 뤠 ᮮ⢥騥 -
饭. ⢮ 㯫᭮  裡 pp -
⥬ p⭮ p   p ᨭpᨣ   -
p  ᫥  ᫠ 訡.   砥 p襭
p 祭,  p塞    ᪮p  -
쭮,  p室  pꥤ  ᮮ饭 "㤮⢮p-
⥫쭮 ⢮  裡...".    ᯮ짮  
⮤  뫨 p ᮮ⢥騥 ᫥.  -
 ,   ᯥ  묨  p室  
98%  砥,  ᢨ⥫  ᮪ 䥪⨢ -
p⬠ p砫쭮 p p㤮.

     14.3.2. ᠭ 䠩 FAX.H.

      ⠭,  ᠭ  ⮬ 䠩  ࠧ  
 ⥣ਨ :  ࢠ - ⠭, 室  ணࠬ-
஢ ० 奬 ஫,   - ⠭,
室  ᠭ   ⬮ ४-
樨 .30.  ஬ ⮣  䠩 ᮤঠ ⨯ 㭪権,
ᯮ㥬  㫥.      .
      ⨯  newt ᮤন  ⮫쪮    祭  -
RDIS    RRESP.     ⮫쪮   ᯥ祭
ன  ஧筮 ணࠬ ⥪.  ᠬ 砫
⠯  ⬠,    । ஫  䠪-
ᨬ묨 ⠬,  ।  ६ :  status
( ⭮ )  exstatus ( 㤠 ).
 ६ ⨯ newt 㦠 ࠬ  ⮣,    
ﭨ 室  - । 㬥  ਥ-
.       .
     ६ k  ⨯  int  室  楤 ਥ,
஢  ஢.  뢠    -
祭     㭪 .
     p r ⨯ int 室   p  祭
᪮p  .  fp 㪠뢠  䠩,  p祭 
p,   filename -   .  frame1  frame2
㦠   ࠭ ஢ ࠢ.   ᫮ `
⥬, ࠧ ,  ᯮ㥬  ⬥   

                           - 24 -

⮫쪮  祭 (⠭ 砩).,  -
 ஢ ⢮     ⮪ .  ॠ-
      ⠪  樨 몠   `-
. ᮣᮢ ଠ⮢   frame1    -
㥬  ணࠬ  em  empt. ᨢ m[] - 
` frm - 室  㤮⢠ ॠ樨  ண-
ࠬ  ਥ   । .  ᯮ   :
஫쭠 , ଠ樮 ,  ࠢ-
,   (  ᮢ  訬).  -
 易  ᮡ  ।⠢  ⨯  int  
long  int   .  ⥫ fcf ᮤন  ࢮ
 ଠ樮  .     ᮮ⢥
 ( ⢥), ⮬  祫 室 뤥 
ᮭ쭮  祭 㯠  .
     stdio.h, time.h,  dos.h - ⠭  䠩,  
 ᮤঠ ⨯ ᯮ㥬  㫥 㭪権.

     14.3.3. ᠭ ᯮ㥬  㫥 WORK.CPP 㭪権.

     _楤 宦      ।  䠪ᨬ쭮
_ଠ樨.

     ⨯: int prd(FILE *, int);

      : 1 - ॡ   砫 ⠯ ; 0
- ଠ쭮 砭 楤.  ।.
      㬥 - 㪠⥫  䠩,  ஬ ᮤন-
 䠪ᨬ 㬥   ।.  p祬    䠩
  p  ⥭.
     ன 㬥 -  宦.  ᨬ  -
,   ࠧ    ⢫ 宦  ⠯
 ࠧ ᫥⥫쭮 믮塞 ⢨.
     뢠   㭪樨 ६:  res - ६ 
࠭   뢠 㭪権;  start - ६-
, 室  ஫  ६; c, i, j, ik, ind -
稥 ᯮ⥫ ६. last_doc - p-䫠
 㬥  p.

     _楤 宦    ਥ 䠪ᨬ쭮 -
_㬥.

     ⨯: int prm(int);

      :  0 -  ᮮ饭      砫
⠯ ; 1 -  㤠   ਭ.
     p㬥 - p  ⮬,   p  p 
砫 - DIS  DTC. 뢠  㭪樨 ६: res -
६  ࠭      뢠  㭪権;
start,  start2 - ६, 室  ஫  -
.

     _ணࠬ ਥ ⢥.

     ⨯: int response_rec(void);

      : 0 - ଠ쭮 襭 - ⢥ ਭ,
 "";  1 -  "", 訡: ॢ襭  ६
; 2 -  "", 訡   ஢.

                           - 25 -

     뢠  㭪樨 ६:  start  -  ६,
室    ஫  ६;  res - ६ 
࠭   뢠 㭪樨;  flag -  ᯮ-
⥫쭠 ६  ࣠樨 横.

     _ணࠬ ਥ .

     ⨯: int commande_rec(void);
      :  0 - ଠ쭮 襭 -  -
,   "";  1 -  "",  訡:  ॢ襭
६ .
     뢠   㭪樨  ६:  start - ६,
室  ஫  ६;  res -  ६  
࠭    뢠 㭪樨;  flag - ᯮ-
⥫쭠 ६  ࣠樨 横.

     _ணࠬ ਥ ஢.

     ⨯: int prmframe(clock_t);

      :  0 -  ਭ ଠ쭮; 1 - 
  㯨  祭 3 ᥪ㭤;  2 - 訡:  
⠭.
     㬥 - 砫  ⠩ 2.
     뢠   㭪樨  ६:  fr  -  㪠⥫ 
` ⨯ frprom.  ` ।祭 
ਥ  ८ࠧ    裡. res - p-
 室  ⮢  p.  d -  稪
᫠   p p樨.  x, y - 稪 ᫠
⮢.

     _楤 ஢   ᮤন  ଠ樮  
_.

     ⨯: int codec(int);

      : 0 -  ஢ 訡  㦥-
; 1 -  ஢ 㦥 訡.
     㬥 -    宦.  ।  ० ࠡ
㭪樨: ஢  ஢.
     뢠   㭪樨  ६:  ostatok - ᯮ-
⥫쭠 ६,  室  ࠭  ஬筮
१   童; control - 祭 -
஫쭮 ; j - ᯮ⥫쭠 ६  ࣠-
樨 横;  i1, i2 - ᯮ⥫ ६, ᯮ㥬
  童. prom -p  p p-
筮 p ᫥.

     _㭪 p p.

     p⨯: void trans(int, int);

      祭  p  p頥.

     p p㬥 -    p. p p-
 -  襣 p.

     뢠  㭪樨 p:  x,  y -  ᯮ

                           - 26 -

 p⠭ . d, fr, prom - p p ⠢
㫥 .  adr - 㪠⥫  x  y   ᨬ  
樨.  z - p   p, p祭  p-
.  ind - 䫠, ⠭  ⮬ 砥, ᫨ -
    ⠢ 㫥 .


     _㭪 p⢥ p 䠪ᨬ쭮 㬥-
_.

     p⨯: void prddoc(FILE *);

     祭  p頥.

     p㬥 - 㪠⥫ 䠩, p祭  p.

     뢠   㭪樨  p:  c - p 
p筮 p p   裡 .

     _㭪 p⢥ p 䠪ᨬ쭮  㬥-
_.

     p⨯: int prmdoc(void);

      p: 0 - 㬥 p p쭮; 1 - 訡
p p 㬥.

     뢠  㭪樨 p:  c - ᯮ  
p筮 p  p p樨; z - -
  p樨 横;  eol - 稪 ᫠ ᨬ-
 EOL; start - ᯮ  p  p; ofp -
㪠⥫  䠩   㬥.

     _p楤p p 室 ᨣ

     p⨯: void tests1(void);

     祭  p頥. p㬥  p  p-
.
     뢠  㭪樨 p:  c  -  p  
p 뢠  p ᨬ.  dat - p
 p , ⠭  p.

     _p楤p p   ᯥ祭 裡.

     p⨯: void octava(void);

     祭  p頥. p㬥  p  p-
.

     뢠   㭪樨  p:  d  - p 
p ,  p   裡.  i - ᯮ-
⥫쭠  p   p樨 横.  errct - 稪
訡.

     _㭪 ⥭  p.

     p⨯: byte pin(int, byte);

                           - 27 -


     p頥 祭 ⨯ byte,  ᠭ   䠩--
 fax.h  unsigned char.
     p p㬥 - p p.  p p㬥 - ᪠,
뢠  祭, 砥  p.
     뢠  㭪樨 p:  i  -  p  
p p  ᪨  .

     _㭪   p.

     p⨯: void pout(byte, int);

     祭  p頥.

     p p㬥  -     p.  p p-
 - p p.
      p .

     _pp ppp p p奬 8251.

     p⨯: void mode51(byte, byte);

     祭  p頥.
     p p㬥 - p p p奬.  p p-
 - ᨭp.
      p .

     _pp ppp  ⠩p     p
_᪮p .

     p⨯: void chmode(int);

     祭  p頥.
     p㬥 - 祭 p ᪮p .
      p .

     _pp ⠭ p .

     p⨯: void set_mode(int, int);

     祭  p頥.
     p p㬥 - p p  p.  p
p㬥 - 祭 p ᪮p .
      p .


      1. - p " p " -
,    p  ⥫  㭪樨    뢠,
p , p p祭 p⢥  pᢠ-
 p  㭪 p㬥⮢.

      2. -  p  p饭 -
,   pᯮpp  뢠  p 
pp 㫥.    p  
p  p  ᮮ⢥ p.




                           - 28 -


     25.0 2孮  ணࠬ஢.ᯮ짮 ᨭ஭-
        2  RS-232c  । 䠩.

        15.1. ᫥⥫ 䥩

      ।       ᬮ७ ᨭ஭
䥩  RS-232C  (  ⠭),  ⥯   ᬮਬ
ᨭ஭ ᫥⥫ ,   ࠡ
  ⥬ PC.
       ⠪ 㣮    ணࠬ⮢,
ᨭ஭ ᫥⥫ .   宦      
⮩ ࠫ , থ 楫 ᥬ 訡
। .஡ ᫮  ⥬,  ᨣ  "-
ত  裡",   ४⭮ 믮 ᮮ-
 । ,ਬ⥫쭮  ᫥⥫쭮
    ।  "" 設  ( 裡 㦥
,騩   ஢ :1 ,। 
1  ਭ ).0,ᬮ   ஡ ᫥-
⥫  ᯮ ,⠪    -
  ᯮ짮  ᠬ 襢   ᮥ ன
ࠧᥭ  ﭨ  15 ஢.  । 쭥訬 -
 ⥬ ᫥     ᢥ
 ਭ樯  ᨭ஭  ।  .(  쭥襬,
  㤥  뢠 ᨭ஭ ᫥⥫  -
᫥⥫ ⮬).
       ࠪ᪨ ਬ஢, ᫥⥫ -
䥩 ।⥫쭥 ࠫ쭮, -  । 
 ⭮⥫쭮 㤠 ਩  ன⢮.  ⠪
।    ᫥⥫쭮 䥩 ॡ ᥣ 
஢,  ।   ࠫ쭮 ଥ  ॡ-
  ॡ    ᥬ ஢.஢ 
  २⢠.   易    ⥬,  ⮨-
    室   ନ஢⥫ 
ਥ ⢥ ,祬 ⮨ 孨᪨ ।
  ⭮  ஢ 䨣樨.  ⮣,
 ᮡ  室  ।    訥  -
,᫥⥫ 䥩 ⥫쭮 筥 ࠫ-
쭮.஬ ⮣  ᫥⥫쭠  ।    
 짮 ᪨ ⥬ 裡,-
 筮 ⥫䮭   ⠭묨   -
 ஢ ଠ樨. 㭪,।⠢  , -
 饭  奬 ࠫ  ᫥-
⥫  吝 䥩ᮢ.   । 
ࠧ來 ᫮ (1011)     䥩ᮢ.
 Ŀ 1 Ŀ        Ŀ       Ŀ
   ..>.                             
         0                                  
        >                     1011        
       1                >   
        >                                 
         1                                  
   . >.                             
                   
 ࠫ쭠 ।      ᫥⥫쭠 ।

      砥 ࠫ쭮 䥩   ஢  -
  । । ࠧ鸞 . ࠧ

                           - 29 -

 ࠧ ।, ᫮ ।. 砥 ᫥-
⥫쭮  䥩      ஫஢   ࠧ-
,    ᫥⥫쭮 ⮪   
⥫쭮. ᮮ⢥⢨  ᫮襩 ࠪ⨪  
᫮ । 訩  ࠧ.  ᯥ祭  ࠢ쭮
ࠡ   室 믮 楤 ஢ -
⠭ 裡  ।稪  ਥ.

           15.2.ᨭ஭ ⮤ ।

      ᫥⥫쭮 ⥬ 裡 ࠧ ।  -
 ⮪ . ᨭ஭ ᫥⥫쭠 ⥬ 裡 -
 ।  " ਥ"   ᨬ (. 
  ࠧ冷).⥫쭮  筮 ࠧ-
 ⢫ ࠭ ᪮ ।. 롨ࠥ
室  ࠪ⨪ ।饣  ਥ ன.

      㭪 , ⢫ ᨭ஭ -
  ᨬ.
				    ࠧ
宫⮩ 室                        ⭮
  "1"    D0  D1  D2  D3  D4  D5  D6    ⮯ ࠧ
Ŀ Ŀ       Ŀ   Ŀ   Ŀ
                                   
   "0"                             
                     
      砫                               砫 ᫥饣
"1" - થ                               ᨬ
"0"-  㧠
     1ଠ ᨭ஭   ।    7-ࠧ來  ᨬ-
1,ࠧ鸞 ஫ ⭮   ⮯ ࠧ鸞.-
1  ࠧ  筮 ।⠢ 1010011   AS-
1CII- ।⠢ ᨬ "S".0

       ⠪  ।  १   ࠢ-
  ࠧ , ࠢ , 䥩 ணࠬ 
।  ࠬ    (.    ᨬ-
).।稪  ᨭ஭஢  ਥ - ਥ "
 " ,  ।稪 㤥 ࠢ  .-
⥫쭮,室  ।⢠  ,ᯮᮡ ᨣ஢ 
⮬,  ਥ ⮢ 㯨  .  -
蠥  ⥬ ।  室 ਥ ⥫쭮 ࠧ-
鸞, 뢠 ⮢  㯠 ।⢥
।  砫  ।    .।稪 室 
ﭨ  ,  ﭭ । ஢ 殮 
ᮮ⢥騩  ஢ ᪮  (  -
 થ஬).४祭       ᨣ
ਥ,  ᪮ 筥 । ⮪ ,⠢-
 ᨬ. ࠧ ⮣ ⮪, ࠢ  (
 뢠 ஡),㥬 ⮢ ࠧ冷.
     ᫥ 㦥 室  "1"  "0" ਥ  -
  ᨣ   室  १ ࢠ,ࠢ 
⥫쭮  ࠧ鸞,-    ࠭,  ਭ
᪨  "0"  㤥  㫥,   宩 - 室
.   ६ ,᫨   ०  -
    ﭨ  ᪮  ,ਥ  ਭ
⮢ ࠧ  ⢨⥫  㯠  ᫥-
⥫쭮 뢠 室   ࠧ來묨 ࢠ-

                           - 30 -

. ନ ᨬ  ᮮ⢥⢨   ।⥫쭮  -
ணࠬ஢묨  ࠬࠬ  ᨬ,   ⭮-
  ᨬ     ࠧ鸞    ࠭  ⨯
஫   ⭮.᫨  ⮢ ࠧ ਧ -
⢨⥫,ਥ  㦥    -
頥  ﭨ   㯫 ᫥饣 -
⮢ ࠧ鸞 ("0").稢 ।  뫪  
  ⮯ ࠧ冷.
      樨 ᫥⥫쭮 । ॠ  ᯥ-
樠஢  ,稢襩  "ᠫ ᨭ-
஭ ਥ।稪" ().  IBM PC  -
  ᯮ 奬 8250,ࠧࠡ⠭ ମ Na-
tional Semicoductor.

     15.3 ᨭ஭ ।     ᨣ,ᯮ㥬
         1 ।

      । १ १ ᫥⥫  -
ﬨ      ६.  ⮬  ⮨  ⫨稥
᫥⥫쭮   ࠫ쭮, ⢫
।  ﬨ      ६.
        ,।  १ ᫥⥫
 ⮨  ᫥饩 ᫥⥫쭮 ᨣ :

     21. ⮢ 
     22.ᥬ ⮢ 0 (   7)
     23.易⥫  ⭮
     24.    

     䨣 設⢠ ᫥⥫ ⮢ -
 ⠭⭮,  ப ࠭  -
稫  䨣,ᮮ⢥  ⠭ RS-232. ⮬
⠭ ࠧ' ᮤন 25 ⠪⮢ ( IBM PC AT ᯮ-
   ⠪ ࠧ'). ⬥, 쭮
讥 ᫮ ᫥⥫ ⮢    ন  
  ᨣ,ᯥ஢  ⠭ RS-232.
騬 ᨣ  ᨣ,ਢ  ⠡ 

  Ŀ
    ᨣ                    ॢ   ⠪  
                                            Ĵ
                                             25   9  
  Ĵ
     뫪         RTS        4      
   ⪠  뫪             CTS        5      
     ⮢              DSR        6      
     襭           DTR        20     
   ।                  TxD        2      
   ਥ                     RxD        3      
                              GRD        7      
  

      ᠬ  ᨣ      ᫮
⥬,  ᫥⥫    ࢮ砫쭮  ࠧࠡ뢠-
, ன⢮ প . 裡   ⨬,᫨  
ᯮ  ᮢ⭮    㣨 ன⢠,  
 ᨣ   㦭. ᨣ ᯮ  -
⠭  ⮪  ⭮  ஢      

                           - 31 -

஬.
     ᭮ 訡  - 訡 ஢,. 訡 -
  ।  樨  ,䨪,᫨  
ᨭ஭ ᮢ  ⮢ ⥫쭮 ⫨
  㣠.
     ।⢥ ।       ᫥⥫쭮
 믮 ᫥  ⮣,    㦨  ᨣ
"⪠    뫪"  (CTS),ࠢ  -ਥ-
. ।    ,   ᨣ
CTS   㤥 ஢   ᭮. ନ-
 몠   ணࠬ 㤥   :

     do {
	  while (not CTS) wait;
	  send(byte);
	} while(bytes not send);

     ᫨     ⭮  ⢥ত  裡 
।⥫쭥 ᯮ짮 .

     15.4. 㭪樨 BIOS,ᯮ㥬  । 

      ᫥⥫쭮     IBM  PC,  ⠪-
ᮢ⨬          ।-
⢥  DOS १ -BIOS   室 DOS   BIOS,(BIOSBa-
sic  Input  Output System -  ⥬  뢮) -
  ।⢥  ࠢ  묨  ।⢠-
.  १  DOS 㤮  裡  ⥬, DOS  
࣠ ⭮ 裡    ᫥⥫  ⮬  
   ⥪饣 ﭨ  ࣠  ᫥ -
     .訬 ࠧ    ᫥-
⥫쭮  ⢫ १ BIOS.ࠡ⪠ ᫥-
⥫쭮  ⢫  १ 뢠  -
஬ 14H.
     । ᯮ짮 ᫥⥫쭮   -
  ⠭  砫쭮 ﭨ.뢠 14H,⨫
0,ᯮ  樠樨 ᫥⥫쭮 .-
⭮    㣨  뢠ﬨ BIOS ॣ AH ᯮ
 ࠭  ⨫  AL ᯮ   -
  ࠬ஢  樠樨,    
᫥饬 浪:

			     7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
				        
     ᪮ । ()            
     ஫ ⭮             
     ⢮  ⮢   
     ⢮ ⮢   

     ஢ ᪮  ।    ⢫ 
ᮮ⢥⢨  ⠡楩:

	      ᪮    ᫥⥫쭮 
                9600         1    1    1
                4800         1    1    0
                2400         1    0    1
		1200         1    0    0
                 600         0    1    1

                           - 32 -

                 300         0    1    0
                 150         0    0    1
                 110         0    0    0

     ᫮  ⮢ ।  祭  ண
ࠧ鸞  樠樨 ᫥⥫쭮 .᫨ 1,
   ,  ⨢  砥    騩
.᫨    ࢮ  㫥 ࠧ拉 ࠧ ᫥-
⥫쭮 "10",   ।  ᯮ  ᥬ  ,᫨
"11" - ᥬ  .
     ஫ ⭮ -  4  3   ᮮ⢥⢨
 ⠡楩:

         ஫                  ᫥⥫쭮 
        ஫ ⬥                  0 0  1 0
        ஢ઠ  ⭮              0 1
        ஢ઠ  ⭮            1 1

     ਬ :  ᪮  ।  -  9600;஫    -
; 騩  ;⢮    ⮢  -
1;ࠧ來 ।  - 8;   11111011  -
筮 ।⠢ 251.
     ⠭ PC  ।ᬠਢ    ᥬ  ᫥⥫
⮢.  ᯥ䨪樨      ᯮ ॣ
DX.    0,ன 1 ...㭪,।⠢-
  ,    init_port(),ᯮ  
樠樨 ⮢ ⥬.

 void port_init(int port,unsigned char code)
			     /* 樠         */
  {
   union REGS r;
   r.x.dx = port;            /* ᫥⥫       */
   r.h.ah = 0;               /* 㭪 樠樨 */
   r.h.al = code;            /*  樠樨          */
   int86(0x14,&r,&r);
  }

      㭪  ᯮ  㭪  int86(),ন
設⢮  ஢,  Borland C++ .  Borland
C++  㭪 bioscom() , ᠭ  ⥪ BI-
OS.H, 樠஢ ᫥⥫ :
     bioscom(int cmd,char byte,int port), cmd = 0 -  -
 ࠬ,  byte,port = com1-0,com2-1...  -
⠫ ࠬ ᠭ  ᠭ 㭪樨.
     뢠 BIOS  14H,⨫ 3 ᯮ  ஫
ﭨ .⨫ ࣠  ஫  ﭨ  -
,ᯥ஢  ᮤন  ॣ DX.᫥ 
 ﭨ,।塞 뢠, ॣ AH  AL  -
  ᮤঠ  祭,।饥  ᮮ⢥⢨  ⠡-
楩,ਢ 








                           - 33 -


   Ŀ
     祭,⠭饥                  
   Ĵ
   2 0   2  0 ( ॣ AH )          
   Ĵ
    ⮢                             0   
    訡 ९                          1   
    訡 ஫ ⭮                     2   
    訡 ஢                           3   
    訡  䨪樨 뢠          4   
    ॣ  ।        5   
    ॣ ᤢ ।                  6   
    室  ⨬ ࢠ ६         7   
   Ĵ
   2   0  (ॣ AL)                   
   Ĵ
    ᪠  ⪥  뫪              0   
    ᪠    ⮢              1   
    㦥  ஭ 楢 ᠳ   2   
    ᪠ ᨣ   裡             3   
    ⪠  뫪                          4   
      ⮢                           5   
    ਧ                                6   
    䨪஢ ᨣ   裡          7   
   

      ᫥  ﭨ   ᯮ.
  ᠬ   ﭨ - " ⮢ " 
 ।    ⮣ ﭨ,-
 ।, ⭮   뫨 祭 -
⮬  ⮢   ⥭.㭪  rport(),ᠭ  ,-
 ,⠭   .

 rport(int port) /* ⥭ ᨬ   port  / **/
 {
  union REGS r;
  while(!check_stat(PORT)&256)/*  室 ᨬ */
  if(kbhit()) /******* 室  뢠   **/
   {
      getch();
      exit(1);
    }
    r.x.dx = port; /************** ᫥⥫  **/
    r.h.ah = 2; /******************  㭪樨 ⥭ **/
    int86(0x14,&r,&r);
    if(r.h.ah & 128)
    printf("  ᫥⥫쭮  㦥 訡\n");
    return (r.h.al);
  }

     뢠 BIOS 14H,⨫ 3  ᯮ    ⥭
⮢    ᫥⥫쭮  .  ᫥⥫쭮
।⥫쭮 ᯥ ᮤন  ॣ  DX.᫥
室   ﭨ,।塞 뢠 BIOS,।
ᨬ 뢠  ॣ AL.᫥ । ᨬ  -
뢠      ॣ AL  7 ॣ AH ᨣ 
१  믮  樨   祭-⥭   ᨬ

                           - 34 -

(訡  ଠ).㭪 rport(),।⠢  믮-
 ⥭ ᯥ樠஢      ᫥⥫쭮
.뢠    ⥭  樨 ⥬ 
 , ।  㤥 祭 ᫥⥫ -
⮬,  樨    ⮣,   㤥  ॣ-
஬.⮬  ⨯筮 訡  ⥭   -
 ⢨ ⠪   裡, ਢ  -
ᠭ . 襭 ⮩  ஡  㭪  rport()
 ﭨ ,஢ 祭 ,-
饣 ⮢ . ⮦ ६ 㭪 kbhit() ஫-
  㯫 뢠  .᫨  
 㭪 ४頥 ᢮ ࠡ.ᯮ짮 kbhit()  -
   ४饭 ࠡ rport()  -
砥,᫨ 祭  ⮬    ,  ᢮  -
।,। ᠭ . ⮫쪮  -
祭,  樨 뢠 14H,⨫  2    ।
  뢠  㭪樥  ,᫥ 祣 
 7 ॣ   । १ 믮 樨.
      ⭮  ⢥ত  裡     
ᯮ,⢥ ᯮᮡ,騬   訡
९  ॣ,    ॣ஢
।⢥  ६ ।     裡,-
   ணࠬ ⢥ত 裡.ணࠬ
⢥ত 裡 ࠡ⠥ ⠪ ࠧ : --
  뫠       室  ﭨ 
 饣 . 祭 饣  
  筨 뫠 ᫥騩   ᭮ 室
 ﭨ  饣    -  -
.
       த   ,  䠩  -
  㤥 ।. ।⠢ 楤 । 
ਥ  :

   send()
    {
      while (   ।)
	 {  send();   wait(); }
    }
     receivite()
      {
	do {
	     receive_byte();
	      send(騩 );
           } while(    ⠭);
      }

      ⮬  室 ।   맮  -
९ ॣ   - ਥ   ᨬ    -
,᪮쪮    ࠧ   ᪮ 믮 権
஢, 묨 ⠭ ,   
⮪  - ᪮ ।      ࠢ-
  ⥮᪨ .
     ᫨ 㦭  ࣠  । ⮫쪮 ⥪⮢ 䠩-
,  ᯮ짮 ⮫쪮 ᥬ       ⮩
稭,      㪢  ᨬ 㭪樨  ॡ
 ᢮ ।⠢ ᥬ .। ᥬ   
 먣  ᪮.
      । ⠫ 䠩 ᯮ ᥬ  .-

                           - 35 -

    㣠  ஡:EOF  (End Of File - ᨬ
 䠩 )  ᯮ  ᨣ樨 砭 䠩-
. 襭 ⮩ ஡ ᫮ ⮢  䠩  
। -ਥ  । ᥣ 䠩.
     ࢮ 室     ணࠬ    㭪-
,ᯥ稢  ।  䠩  १   ᫥⥫
.  饬 砥  㭪   䠩  -
,  ,।   ਥ    
।  䠩  । . ।⠢ 㭪
send_file(),।祭  ⮣.

 void send_file(char *fname)
  {
   FILE *fp;
   char ch;
   struct stat statbuf;
   struct
     {
	char c[2];
	unsigned int count;
     } 	cnt;

    if ((fp = fopen(fname,"rb") == NULL )
     { printf ("訡  䠩 %s\n",fp);
       exit(1);
     }
      send_file_name(fname);/******* ।  䠩 **/
      stat(fname,&statbuf);
      wait(PORT);   /********  饣  **/
      cnt.count = statbuf.st_size  /******** ࠧ 䠩 **/
      sport(PORT,cnt.c[0]); /** । ᨬ   **/
      wait(PORT);
      sport(PORT,cnt.c[1]);
      do {
	    ch = getch(fp);
	    if(ferror(fp));
	      {
		printf("訡 ⥭ 室 䠩 \n");
		break;
	      }
	       if(!feof(fp))
		    {
		      wait(PORT);
		      sport(PORT,ch);
		    }
	 } while(!feof(fp));
       wait(PORT);
	fclose(fp);
     } /*******************************  send_file ***/
     㭪 stat(),ᯮ㥬  send_file() ᠭ  Bor-
land C++.
     㭪 send_file_name(),।⠢  ,⠭-
  ᮮ⢥⢨    ਭ  ।
䠩.
  void send_file_name(char f)
  {
    printf(" ।\n");
      do

                           - 36 -

       {
	sport(PORT,"?");
       } while(!kbhit() && check_stat(PORT)&256);
	if(kbhit())
	  {
	   getch();
	   exit(1);
	  }
      wait(PORT); /*******  饣 ᨬ **/
      printf ("। %s ",f);
    /****************** 䠪᪠ ।  䠩 **/
      while (*f)
       {
	sport(PORT,*f++);
	wait(PORT); /*******  饣  **/
       }
    sport(PORT,"\n");/************** ᨬ  ப **/
    printf("\n");
  }

     㭪 send_file_name()  ।祭  襭 
᭮ .-, ⠭    -
஢  ⥬ ।  થ  ("?")  
⢥     饣  ( ⢥ -
饣    ᯮ  窠,    㣮 ᨬ-
).㭪 wait(), ।⠢ , ஢
   - ਥ,ॠ饣 ணࠬ ⢥-
 裡.

 void wait(int port) /******************  ⢥ **/
  {
     if (rport(port) != '.'
	{
	cout <<"訡 ⠭ 裡 \n";
	exit(1);
	}
  }

      ࠧ ,  㦥 訡  㭪 ४-
頥 ᢮ ࠡ.  ।ᬮ ࠡ  ⮩
樨.
     ਥ 䠩  אַ  ⨢  樥
।  䠩.-,㭪 ਥ  થ -
  祭  (ᨬ " ?  "). 祭 થ
㭪 ⢥砥 窮 (ᨣ ஢).᫥ 祭
 䠩 㭪  祭  ࠧ   .
筮  ⮣ 㭪 稭 ⥭ 䠩.᫥ 祭
 ⥭   㭪 뫠  - 筨-
  騩  . ࠧ  ॠ ணࠬ
⢥ত 裡.㭪 rec_file() ।⠢  :

 void rec_file()
  {
    FILE *fp;
    char ch;
    char fname[14];
    struct {
	     char c[2];

                           - 37 -

	     unsigned int count;
	   } cnt;

    get_file_name(fname); /******* 祭  䠩 **/
    printf("祭 䠩 %s\n",fname);
    remove(fname);
    if( (fp = fopen(fname,"wb"))== NULL)
	{
	 printf("  䠩 %s\",fname);
	 exit(1);
	}
     /************ 祭  䠩  *****************/
     sport(PORT,'.');/********************* ஢ **/
     cnt.c[0] = rport(PORT);
     sport(PORT,'.');/********************* ஢ **/
     cnt.c[1] = rport(PORT);
     sport(PORT,'.');/********************* ஢ **/

     for(;cnt.count;cnt.count--)
      {
       ch = rport();
       putch(ch,fp);
       if(ferror(fp)){printf("訡   䠩 \n");
       exit(1);
      }
      sport(PORT,'.'); /******************* ஢ **/

     fclose(fp);
  }

void get_file_name(char *fp) /**** 祭  䠩 **/
{
  printf(" 祭 䠩 \n ");
 while(rport(PORT) != '?');
 sport(PORT,'.'); /************************ ஢ **/
 while( ( *f = rport() ) )
   { if(*f != '?')
       { f++;
	 sport(PORT,'.'); /**************** ஢ **/
       }
   }
}

           15.5. 奬 ࢨ᭮ ஧⪨  ࠧꥬ
                         1"㭨樨"

      㦥 ਫ   ।  १ ᫥-
⥫    ᯮ 3-  ஢  9- 
25- ॢ ࠧꥬ,⨯ DB9  DB25.  孨᪮  -
樨 ᫥⥫  뢠 COM1,COM2 ...
      ୮ ணࠬ Norton Commander   -
  ।  䠩     㣮.
⮣  ᮥ ,奬 ண ।⠢  -
,      Link , ।騩  ਭ騩
,  ⠪    ⮢.᫥    ⠭
 (link) ந ஢ ᮥ,⮬᪨
⠭ ᪮    ஫. 砥 ᯥ譮
襭 ⮩  樨       ᯨ᮪

                           - 38 -

䠩  ४਩ ⥪饣 ᪮     
뫠 ⢥ .᫥ ⮣  ।  ਭ-
 䠩.

     奬   । 䠩 १ ᫥⥫
.

     Ŀ                  Ŀ
      ।                    ਭ   
             Ĵ         
     Ĵ                  Ĵ
      ਭ                     ।  
             Ĵ         
     Ĵ                  Ĵ
              Ĵ          
                       

     奬 ᯮ짮 9- ॢ ࠧꥬ.

  Ŀ
         ᠭ ᨣ            No. 
                                     .
  Ĵ           Ŀ
   ।                 2  > 3
  Ĵ           Ĵ
   ਭ                  3  > 2
  Ĵ           
    ।                    7  >Ŀ
  Ĵ     
   ⮢  ।                   8  <
  Ĵ
    ⮢                         4  >Ŀ
  Ĵ     
    ⮢                          6  <Ĵ
  Ĵ     
    맮                   9  <
  Ĵ           Ŀ
   ""                            5  > 5
             




















                           - 39 -


     奬 ᯮ짮 25- ॢ ࠧꥬ.

  Ŀ
         ᠭ ᨣ            No. 
                                     .
  Ĵ           Ŀ
   ।                 2  > 3
  Ĵ           Ĵ
   ਭ                  3  > 2
  Ĵ           
    ।                    4  >Ŀ
  Ĵ     
   ⮢  ।                   5  <
  Ĵ
    ⮢                         20  >Ŀ
  Ĵ     
    ⮢                          6  <Ĵ
  Ĵ     
   ⥪ ਭ                      
    ᨣ                  8  <Ĵ
                                        
  Ĵ     
    맮                  22  <
  Ĵ
   ४⥫                         
   ᪮ ।                 23  >Ŀ
    (筨 )                      
  Ĵ     
   ४⥫                              
   ᪮ ।                 12  <
    (筨 )                 
  Ĵ
                         21  >Ŀ
  Ĵ     
   ⪠                     18       
  Ĵ     
    ஢ન                25  <
  Ĵ            Ŀ
   ""                            7  > 7
              


















                           - 40 -


     26. ࠭ 㤠  孨 ᭮.  
        2  ࠦ ᪨ ⮪.

     ந⢥ ,ᮮ㦥,㤮,孮-
᪨    ⢥ ॡ,ᯥ稢騬
஢   ᫮ 㤠.   ॡ 
樮쭮 ᯮ짮 ਨ  ந⢥ -
頤,ࠢ ᯫ 㤮  ࣠ -
᪨ ᮢ, ࠡ  ⢨ ।-
 ᫮ 㤠,ᮤঠ ந⢥ 饭  -
   ᮮ⢥⢨  ᠭ୮ - ᪨ ଠ-
  ࠢ.
      ࠧ 饭 ஡ ய⠭  
祫  ࠦ ᪨ ⮪.
      ⠭ ⢨⥫  ਧ   -
த ᫮.ࠪ᪨ ⢮ ᠬ  襢  
ࣨ,  ࣮⥬  ⭮⥫쭮  ,  -
த ᫮  ਯ  ਧ.  ६
஧  㤠     殮 ஧⪨
 ᪮쪮 ࠧ,  ਢ    ⠭    ࠢ-
.      ⠭  ன⢠,  ⪠
 ஡ ⮪   ன⢠. १  -
       祫   ன⢠ १ 
 ᪨ ⮪.
     室 १  ⥫ 祫 ᪨ ⮪ 뢠
  ᫮ ⢨,뢠 ନ᪮,஫-
᪮,堭᪮      ᪮  ⢨.ନ᪮
⢨ ⮪      ⤥  ⪮  -
,ॢ  ⪠    ᪨  ।, 뢠  
㭪樮 ன⢠.஫᪮  ⢨  ⮪
ࠦ   ࠧ ࣠᪮ ,஢  -
    䨧-娬᪮ ⠢.堭᪮
⢨  ⮪ ਢ  ࠧ  ⪠.-
᪮ ⢨ ⮪ 砥  ᯮᮡ  ⮪  ࠧ-
  㦤  ⪠ ࣠.
       ᫥ ⢨ ⮪  ਢ 
᪮  ࠢ,.   ० ࣠,맢
⢨ ᪮ ⮪.
     ᬮਬ    ࠡ  ⠭  -
   ࠦ ᪨ ⮪.
        ⥭樠 ஡, ਢ
 뢮    :
     1 ⪫祭 ⠭0 (BLACKOUTS);
     1 殮0 (BROWNOUTS);
     1ᠤ 殮0 (DIPS);
     1 0 (LINE NOISE);
     10 (SPIKES);
     1७殮0 (SURGES);
     20 2⪫祭0 2⠭0 뢠  ⪫祭
ࣨ
     2 殮0 砥,    
  ஢.  ⪥   ଠ樨    
६ ࠡ   ᡮ  몫 .
     2ᠤ0 2殮0  -    讥  殮-
.祭 ⭮,    宫쭨  砥  ᯠ-
⥫,    ⥫    મ ࠭.
祭 " ୠ " ஡. ᥣ   -

                           - 41 -

  㣮 ன⢮  ஧⪥, 㦥 ⥬
⨯ 宫쭨,  ஭ॢ⥫  稥 ன⢠,-
騥   ﭭ ०, 騥  몫騥-
 १ 訥 ஬⪨ ६.
     2 0  -    ᪨ ,뢠
ࠡ⮩ ஬. ,  ࠭  ࠡ-
饬      ஡⢥.    -
  ࠡ   ⠪  ⥬   ᤥ
""       १ ⥬  ᯮ
ணࠬ.
     20 (᪨)  殮  -  ᠬ  ᬥ⥫ ࠣ
 ⠭  ன⢠,襣  饩 .
맢  १  ⠭  殮   .筮 
砥  㤠            
⠭樨.
     2७殮0  ⪮६ 襭  殮
⨢  ᭨ 殮. ਮ ⭮⥫쭮
⮩稢 襭 殮,   ਭ  -
ࠧ  ।,祬 ,⠪   .
      ᫥   ஡    ᫥  
   .
       ᯮᮡ   ᫥ ࠣ
 ⠭. ᫥  ᭮  :

     2⥫  ।࠭⥫쭮 ஡0 (Power-protecti-
on stip).
     2ன⢮   ᮢ  ७殮0.
     2筨 ॡ ⠭0.

     1⥫  ।࠭⥫쭮 0 -   த-
⮥ ன⢮  ᪮쪨 , ண -
砥  ஧⪥. ⠪ ன⢠   ஥-
   ७殮  䨫  .
     1ன⢮   ᮢ   ७殮0  ᮧ
ᯥ樠쭮   ஢. "  ᮡ ",ᯠ-
  ⠭  㣨  . ࠧ-
,ᯥ稢騥 RFI/EMI 䨫 (RFI -  ࠤ -
, EMI - ஬⭠).
     1筨 ॡ  ⠭0 (UPS)   - -
ୠ , ⮬᪨   ᥡ  ᯥ-
祭  ⥬  ࣨ  ਩ 樨  
  ᭨ 殮.
      ਥ ᠭ ࠡ ⨯ ᭮ 
⠭,    ⥬ ,㥬      ,
䠪ᨬ     ਭ஢.
       䠪ᨬ  ࠡ    -
  ⮪  220    50  (ਪ᪨ ⠭ 110
 60 ). ࠡ뢠 ᭮ 殮 +-5  +-12
,  ⠪    㣨 ᯮ⥫ 殮. 
ன⢠  ਬ      ⠭  ().
奬  襭   ࠧ ਭ樯 ⢨   -
.







                           - 42 -



       ᭮  ⠭.
               Ŀ          13   Ŀ 6 Ŀ   
                5  Ĵ           VD  
                   Ĵ       Ĵ>  
                          7               8     
                 V                         Ĵ      
    Ŀ     Ŀ     Ŀ 19        12         
   ڴ 6  Ĵ 4  > 3  Ĵ  7          
   2     02  02  02    02       02             
   2                 0Ŀ2   02     02       02             
                     2                              
                                   
                                 
     Ŀ                         1
Ĵ 1  
            Ŀ        
Ĵ    Ĵ  9   
        

     ᭥  㭪: 1 - ⥢ ﬨ⥫. 2 - ନ-
஢⥫ ᮢ ᪠.3 - ࠭ ᭮ -
.4 - ᪠ ࠢ.  5 - ன⢮ ⠡樨. 6 -
ன⢮  7 -  ࠭ଠ.  8 - ﬨ-
⥫.9 -  ⠢ (।࠭⥫).

     ਭ樯 ࠡ ᭮  ⠭.

       砫  ६   ன⢥  2  㤥
ନ஢  ,  ஥  ࠭ ᭮
 3. ⮬ १  19 - 1  筥  ⥪
 騩 ࠧ ⮪.६  ⭮
  थ筨  ࠭ଠ  㤥    -
,祭  ன । ६ ⮣ -
 ࠭.筠 ⪠ 6 - 12 믮 ⠪  -
ࠧ,  ਮ  ⭮ ࣨ   
VD ਫ ⥫ ⥭樠   .  -
஥  ६ ᪠ ࠢ 4 뢠 ࠭ -
᭮ .  ⮪  ⪥ ࠭ଠ 7  -
  ⭮  ࣨ    
  ᠬ樨 ⭮ . VD 뢠-
, ⮪ 筮 ⪨ 6 - 12 १ ⠥.  -
ࠧ,᫨  砫 ਮ ६ ⭮   易
  ⮪, ⥪ १  1 - 19 , ⥯ 
ᮧ ⮪ ⪨ 6 - 12.  ࣨ ,  -
  ६ ⮣ ﭨ  3 ,३  -
,  筮 ⪥ ⨣ 㫥 祭.
     ᫨ 殮     㧪    -  稭
㬥, 㬥蠥   殮,஥  㯠  
ன⢮  ⠡樨 5. ᢮ । ன⢮ ⠡-
樨 १ ᪠ ࠢ 筥 뢠 ࠭ -
᭮  . 㢥 ६, 祭 -
ண १  1 - 19  㤥    ⮪,  ᮮ⢥⢥
  ⢮  ࣨ,।  㧪.
। 뢠 ࠭ 3 ।  ன⢮
⠡樨,  ᨣ,㯠騩  ⪨ 3
- 7,  ⮬᪨ ন । 祭

                           - 43 -

室  ﭭ  殮. 砥 쥧 
 ⠭ 室   ࠭ ᭮ -
  ⥢ ﬨ⥫.
     ਬ ᭮ ࠭ଠ    
  ࠧ  㤥 殮  ⪠  -
࠭ 좠   楯ﬨ  שׂ-
 殮  饩 ᪮ .᪠ ࠢ-
 4 । ࠧ  ᮢ,ᮧ  ஬,
  室 ⪫砥 . ⢨ ᪠ -
樨   뢠  ࠢ塞,
 ਢ      ᮢ ⮪ 
室   ࠭ ᭮ .
      ⮣  ᠭ  ⭮,   ⠭ ⮨ 
 ᭮ ⥩ : ன⢮ ᪠   ᭮-
  ࠭ଠ,ᠬ ࠭ଠ  ﬨ⥫.
ࠧ 室 楯   ⠭    ࠧ易  
室  ᨫ.   室 (ᨫ) 
 ⠭.
      㭪   ࢨ筠 (ᨫ)   -
⠭  窮 .


 220                                Ŀ    Ŀ
 Ŀ         Ĵ  F1   Ĵ     
                                        
                                            
                                             
                                                   
          Ŀ                         
                                                  
                                             
                                              
                                Ŀ         
          Ĵ  F2   Ĵ     
                                       
 220           
                 F1,F2 -  ⠢ (।࠭⥫)


      祫  ࠦ ᪨ ⮪.

     ࠦ 祫 ᪨ ⮪    ந
  ⮫쪮    ਪ᭮   ⮪騬 ,  
⠪  ⠫᪨ ᠬ  ம㤮,-
砩  訬   殮  १ ०
樨.  ਩ ᫮ ਪ᭮   ଠ쭮
  ⮪騬 ⠫᪨  ࠢ業 ਪ᭮
 ⮪騬  ᮯ殮  ᭮  .
      ।饭    砥 ࠦ -
᪨ ⮪ ਬ ⭮  - ।७
ᮥ  ⠫᪨  ⥩  ᪮  ⠭ 
,।⢮  ஢  ⥫.
⮬  ᮬ 頥 ன⢠   ᮧ
筮  ᮯ⨢,  ᭨    -
⨬ 祭 殮 ᮯਪ᭮.   㭪 -
 奬 ਪ᭮ 祫   ⠭
 ⭠ 奬 饭.


                           - 44 -


      2   1
                                         
  1                R1
              I                         
                         Ĵ
                R1 R2                 
    Ŀ                  U   U  R  R  R2
   Ĵ                             
                             
         R                          
 Ŀ    2
  // / / / / / / / / / / /
   R  I
  
      㭪  ,  砥 襭 樨 
  ஢,ਬ 2,祫 砥 ࠫ-
 ᮯ⨢ ⥫ R  樨 ⭮⥫쭮 -
 ண ஢ R2  ᫥⥫쭮  ᮯ⨢ -
樨 ⭮⥫쭮  ࢮ ஢ R1.
       R2 >> R  R2 >> R, R - ᪮  ᮯ-
⨢  ⥫  祫, ᮯ⨢ R2  ७-
. 殮 ਫ  ⥫ 祫 㤥:
   U = (U(RR/(R+R)))/(R1+RR/(R+R));
     뢠, R << R  R << R1,   :
     R+R R; R1+R R1.  ⮪,⥪騩 १ ⥫ -
 । ࠦ :
     I = U/R = UR/RR1;
      ࠧ, R=const (ਭ R  =  1000  )
稭  ⮪,室饣  १ 祫,楫  
R  R1.祬,祬  R,⥬   ᭮  ࠦ
᪨  ⮪.訥  ⨬ 祭 R,-
"ࠢ ன⢠ ⠭" ਢ 
⠡ :
Ŀ
  ࠪ⨪ ⠭      訥 ⨳
                                        祭 ᮯள
                                       ⨢ R.    
Ĵ
 ⠭ 殮                        
 1000    䥪⨢     R <= 0.5        
 ࠫ                                               
Ĵ
 ⠭ 殮       R = 250/I < 10 
 1000    ஢ ࠫ                   
Ĵ
  ६ ᯮ짮 - R = 125/I <= 10
 ⥫  ⠭                      
 1000    ஢ ࠫ                   
Ĵ
 ⠭ 殮  1000   R <= 4         
   ஢ ࠫ                          
Ĵ
  , 㬬୮ 魮    R <= 10        
 ஢  ࠭ଠ஢  -                  
  100                                              

     ਬ砭 :  I -  ⮪ 몠   , 1-

                           - 45 -

।  ⮩      ᯫ樨 奬  -
,  ன ᨫ ⮪ 몠    襥
祭.  2 -  ⢥ ⭮ ⮪     ਭ
⮪    ।࠭⥫  ⮪ ࠡ뢠 ५
  䠧 몠  .

      ,  䠪ᨬ  ⮢,  ਭ஢   祩
- ⮢ 孨  ᠬ  ⨬쭠    -1  㫥-
10.㫥  뢠 ।७ ᪮ ᮥ-
  㫥  ஢ ⠫᪨  ⮪-
  ⥩,      殮 (
12.1.009 - 76). 䥪    㫥  砥  
㬥襭  ⥫쭮 몠  , ᫥⥫쭮,
 ᮪饭 ६ ⢨ ᪮ ⮪  祫-
.  ⨣  ᮥ  ᮥ ⠫᪨
ᮢ ⠭  㫥 ஢ 饣 ࠭-
ଠ. ᮥ ॢ頥  몠  -
  ⪮ 몠, ஬ ࠡ뢠 ᨬ쭠
⮪    ( ⠢  ⮬᪨ 몫-
⥫),⪫ ० ⠭  .   
  㫥  ᫥  ࠧ  㫥  ஢
()  㫥 ࠡ稩 ஢ ().㫥    -
  뢠 ஢,ᮥ騩 塞  
 ࠫ쭮 窮     ࠭ଠ-
.㫥 ࠡ稩 ஢ 㦨  ⠭ யਥ-
,  ⮦ 祭   ࠫ 筨  -
⠭.
                                      t
       3      
       2     
       1  t2 Ŀ
         
        
                                     
                                   
    I   ſ   ſI                 
                          t1 Ŀ
                                      
         Ŀ                    
        Ĵ          I    R             
       
  /  / / / / / / / / / / / / /         1   2   3   4 I/I
 R0
奬 㫥                ६ ࠪ⨪
                               ࠡ뢠  ⠢

     ᬮਬ ਭ樯  ⢨ 㫥.㤥 ,
ᮯ⨢ 䠧 ஢    몠    
(஢  1)  ࠢ R, ᮯ⨢ 㫥 ⭮ -
 R.ਬ ⠪, R <<  R0  ,  R0  <<  R.  
(R+R0) || R,   :
           I  I = U / (R + R);                    {*}
           I = IR / (R + R)  UR / (R + R) * R;
        祭 ࠦ,ᨫ ⮪,⥪-
  १  ⥫ 祫,  ᮮ⭮襭 ᮯ⨢
䠧  㫥 ⭮ ஢.
     ᫨ ਭ :
         R/ R= 1,U = 220B,R = 1,

                           - 46 -

          I = U / 2R = 220 / 2 * 1 = 110 .
       ஡᭮ ⠪ ⮪ ⨬,᫨
६  ⢨  ॢ蠥 0.5,  뢠-
  롮 ⨯ ᨬ쭮 ⮪ .
      ᯥ祭    ண ⪫祭 ०-
 ⠭ ᨫ  ⮪  ⪮  몠  I
 ⨣ । 祭 ,  ஥  
ᮯ⨢ 䠧   㫥  ⭮  ஢.-
⭮  ⠪, ६ ࠡ뢠 ᨬ쭮 ⮪ -
 t । ⭮襭 ᨫ ⮪ 몠  ᨫ -
쭮 ⮪ I  ⠢  ⮬.
      ᯥ祭 ࠡ 㫥 㫥    -
       ᮥ   ᯥ-
 뢭 楯    ⠭
  ࠫ 筨.⮡ 㬥 ᮯ⨢ 楯 -
㫥, 㫥 ஢ ᮥ  ᥬ  -
묨  ⠫᪨ ﬨ :  ⠫᪨ -
ﬨ ,ଠன ⮭ ந⥫  -
権,⠫᪨ ﬨ ந⢥ -
祭.஬ ⮣,㫥  ஢   -
  ,  ᭨  ⥭樠 㫥 ᮢ 
殮 ਪ᭮  砥 뢠 楯 㫥.
      䠧 யਥ (஢,䠪ᨬ
⮢,ਭ஢  祩 孨 ),  
  䠧    㫥 ࠡ稬 ஢,㫥 -
⢫ ⤥ ஢, ६  -
  㦨 ஢  ࠡ祣 ⮪,⠪   뢥
ࠡ祣 㫥 ஢ (ॣ࠭ ।࠭⥫) 
ᮥ       䠧 殮-
.  ய⠭ 㦥 ।ᬮ७  ஢  㫥-
.
   Ŀ
Ĵ F1           ⠪ 
                                       
   Ŀ                                    
´ F2    
       
    
           Ŀ 
           
             
           ٳ
           
 㫥 䠧                 ⠭⭠ ஧⪠
   யਥ                     祭 
                                         .

     ⮡ ᯥ 뢭 楯 㫥,頥-
  ⠭   㫥  ஢  ⠢ 
몫⥫.᪫祭  ⮬ 砥, 몫⥫ -
६   ⪫祭 㫥 ஢ ⪫砥  -
,室騥  殮.







                           - 47 -

     27. ࠢ   ᮧ ணࠬ0 2ᯥ祭
        2஫ 몠 0 2" ᨬ  - "
        2 ⠬  ਮ⥭ 筮 㤮,
        2  ணࠬ ᯥ祭.

      㦥 ਫ ࠭,     ⥬  -
᭮  裡    ⥫ᮬ  ஬,  㤮
ᯥ樠 ஬ 裡 () . ⠪  ࠧ⨥ 孨-
    ⮨  ,      裡 - 䠪-
쭠  .    ண  ⠫  室    
.⥫쭮    ᤥ ⠪: ᯮ⨢
 ⥬ 裡,३    裡 :  䠪ᨬ-
   - ,  ⢮ ਠ-
 .ࠡ⠭ ணࠬ,ᯮ  裡 "
 - ⥫ "   裡 : 䠪-.
     ᫨   뫮  ,  諮    ᭠
䠪ᬮ ⮩  譨 䠪ᬮ,諮  -
뢠 ணࠬ ࠢ ⨬ ன⢠,  -
 祭   .
       㯪 ⮣ 㤮 (    ⮨-
  ) ਢ   ⠡ 1.  ⠪ -
⢥ ன   砫쭮 業 ਢ   -
        ᪮  ୠ MOBILE 
1993 .

      ந   ⮨   
1800 

 ⠡ 1  (業  $    )
Ŀ
 .  業  $業  㡳     ⮣     
Ĵ
䠪ᬮ   120    216000.00   49680.00 265680.00 
 (BitFax)                                       
Ĵ
譨 䠪-  200    360000.00   82800.00 442800.00 
                                                
Ĵ
ண.    300    540000.00  124200.00 664200.00 
BitFax                                               
Ĵ
ண.ᯥ  320    576000.00  132480.00 708480.00 
譥 䠪                                        
                                               


  Ŀ Ŀ
     ॢ  㡫           ᯥ.   
                                                       
   120 * 1800 = 216000      216000 / 100 * 23 =  49680 
   200 * 1800 = 360000      360000 / 100 * 23 =  82800 
   300 * 1800 = 540000      540000 / 100 * 23 = 124200 
   320 * 1800 = 576000      576000 / 100 * 23 = 132480 
   





                           - 48 -


        Ŀ
                        ⮣                    
                                                 
                 216000 +  49680 = 265680        
                 360000 +  82800 = 442800        
                 540000 + 124200 = 664200        
                 576000 + 132480 = 708480        
        


     ⮨   (ன⢮ +  ண.,
):

 ⠡ 2
Ŀ
.   ⮨.   ⮨.⥬    ⮣         
Ĵ
䠪ᬮ    256800.00    664200.00  921000.00       
                                                   
Ĵ
譨 䠪-  442800.00     708480.00  1151280.00      
                                                   


     ⥫   ⠭  ᪮  -
  ⠡ 3.

  ⠡ 3
Ŀ
.㤮   業            ⮣ 
Ĵ
 䠪ᬮ       12000.00   2760.00    14760.00 
Ĵ
  譨 䠪ᬮ      12000.00   2760.00    14760.00 


      ᯥ.:   12000/100*23 = 2760
                     ⮣:   12000 + 2760 = 14760


     騥   㯪  ⠭ (業  ⮬  -
) ਢ  ⠡ 4.

 ⠡ 4
 Ŀ
 .  業   業 ⠭ ⮣     
 Ĵ
 䠪ᬮ      921000.00    14760.00     2935760.000 
                                                  
 Ĵ
 譨 䠪ᬮ1151280.00    14760.00    21166040.000 
 

     ⠭   䠪ᬮ  .    ⮨
935760.00  (.⠡.4). ⮣  ⮡  ᭠  ᭮
  ࠧ  ⠪ ன⢠,室
⥫ ⠫ .஬ ⮣   ண-

                           - 49 -

ࠬ ᯥ祭 䠪ᬮ   ࠡ ⭮-
  裡 ॡ 㯭 ਠ  (ࠪ-
 ᮧ  ணࠬ ᯥ祭).

       ᮧ ணࠬ ᯥ祭.

      㤮  ந   ᭮ "1  
1६  ணࠬ஢    "0 ⢥ত  
    樠 ᠬ  1989.
     ਬ砭 :   쭥    -
ࣨ  뢠   ⮨ 設/,   -
审㦨,⮯  .  뢠   -
.⮨  設/ ⠢ 2000 .

             室    :

  ⢮ ࠧ⥩  室 ଠ樨 : 1
  ⢮ ࠧ⥩ 室 㬥⮢ : 1
  ' 室 ଠ樨  .㬥ப : 2
    : 3 ⥯  :  ᫮ ⬠ : 3
   ࣠樨 ஫ .㬥⮢ : 12
   ࣠樨 .㬥⮢ : 22
  業 ਬ ⠭ 襭 : 60
  ᭮  ணࠬ஢ : .⥫ (Borland C++)
  ⠤  :  
  ᫮ ࠡ⪨ ଠ樨 (,) : ...
  ⨥ ࠧࠡ稪  ⮢ .. : 
  த⢨   20 . / : 
  ᯮ짮   ᫥ : 

Ŀ
⠤     ६  ࠢ .    
ࠧࠡ⪨Ĵ६
஥      ᭮祭 ᭮    - 
          祫-                               ⮬  
Ĵ
 ()    13   .4.39   1=1.000 .1.7 .1.3    2   
.         .1     2=0.480       .1.2        
                          3=1.000 .1.8 .1.4        
                          4=0.800 .1.11             
                          5=0.500 .1.12 .1.6       
                           =                      
                          =0.192                      
Ĵ
ண.    72   .4.40   1=1.000 .1.7 .1.3    14  
                 .1     2=0.480 .1.7 .1.2        
                          3=1.000 .1.8 .1.4        
                          4=0.800 .1.11             
                          5=0.500 .1.12 .1.6       
                           =                      
                          =0.192                      
Ĵ
७   13   .4.65   1=1.000 .1.8 .1.4     7  
.                  2=1.000 .1.7 .1.3        
                          3=0.500 .1.12 .1.6       
                          =0.50                   



                           - 50 -

Ŀ
ண.    15   .4.65   1=1.000 .1.8 .1.4     8   
                   .1   2=1.000 .1.7 .1.3         
                          3=0.500 .1.12 .1.6        
                           =                       
                          = 0.500                      

                                  2     :             31


Ŀ
६ ࠡ  ६ ࠢ -()६   
  Ĵࠡ  
⫠  祭 ᭮祭 ᭮    ⮬
७ ()                                     
ணࠬ                                              
Ĵ
           16    .4.85   1=0.600 .1.15 .1.7  10    
                    .1  2=1.000 .1.15 .1.8  2 ()
                           =                       
                          = 0.600                      


      ᥡ⮨ ணࠬ ந  㫥

      = ++++ /*,  -  ᥡ⮨-
 ணࠬ,   - ᭮  ⥫쭠 -
⭠ , - ᫥  ⦥  (,ᨮ-
 䮭 ..), -  室,/ - ⮨ -
設,-६ ⫠.




                       
                    
      1ࠡ⪠ ணࠬ ᯥ祭  ᮧ 裡
             2  - 
     (    㤠   ᭮  -
⥫쭮 ࠡ⭮  )

     1.    㤠 .............. 257000
        ) 㤮 (祫-) ..................30
     2. ᫥   ............... 100230
     3. ࣨ .............................0
     4. ⨧樮 ᫥..............11000
     5. 稥 .....................................0
     16.    ...................368330
     7.  室.......................56000
     18.  ..........423330
     9. ਡ (30%)..........................127000
    10.   .६
            ...................................32
            .....................................0
	) ⢮ 設-ᮢ ()
            ...................................16
            .....................................0
    311.   ................582330

                           - 51 -

    12.  (20%)..............................116466
    13. . (3%).........................17470
    14.2  .................................716260



     祭 :    ᮧ ணࠬ ᯥ-
   ஫ 몠 "ᨬ   -  -
" ⠢ 716260 , ⮬  㦥 㤮
⨬ ன⢮. ᮡ ⮨   ⮬,  -
    ०  㭪樨  .    "  - ⥫
"(.᭮ ) , ᫨ 㯠    㤮,
ॡ    935760   (⠡ 4 ), ⮬ ᫥
⬥  ॡ  ᮧ ணࠬ ᯥ-
 ( ᯥ祭 ࠡ  ),   ⠪  ணࠬ 
᢮ 㭪樮    ,    ⮨-
  ਠ   ,᫥⥫쭮  樮-
쭮 㯠  㤮.









































                           - 52 -

                         28.0 2뢮


        ࠡ 뫮 믮 :
     -  ᭮     ந
⪨  । 䠪ᨬ쭮 裡.
     -   ᮧ  ᭮  । 䠪-
ᨬ쭮 裡.
     - ந  ᠭ 䠪ᨬ쭮 ⮪,ᮣ᭮
४樨 .30 ,  䠪ᨬ쭮  -
.
     -  ᮮ⢥⢨    ⬮  䠪ᨬ쭮  楤
ࠧࠡ⠭ ணࠬ   ᯥ祭    ஫  -
, :
         - 楤  宦    , । 䠪-
쭮 ଠ樨
         - 楤  宦  , ਥ 䠪ᨬ-
 ଠ樨
         - ணࠬ ਥ ⢥
         - ணࠬ ਥ 
         - ணࠬ ਥ ஢
         - 楤 ஢  ᮤন  ଠ樮
 .
         - 㭪 । 
         - 㭪  ।⢥  ।  䠪ᨬ쭮
㬥
         - 㭪 ।⢥ ਥ 䠪ᨬ쭮 -
㬥
         - 楤 ஢ 室 ᨣ
         - 楤 ஢   ᯥ祭 裡
         - 㭪 ⥭  
         - 㭪   
         - ணࠬ ணࠬ஢ 奬 8251
         - ணࠬ ணࠬ஢ ⠩஢  ࠭-
 ᪮ 
         - ணࠬ ⠭ ० 

     -  ᠭ ணࠬ ᯮ짮  Borland C++
     -  ࠧ 饭 孮 ணࠬ஢ 뫠
  ᯮ짮  ᫥⥫쭮  ᨭ-
஭   /뢮   । 䠩  -
ࠬ  ᯮ짮 쭮 .
     -     " 孨 ᭮  ࠭ 㤠 "  
ᬮ७      ࠦ -
᪨ ⮪.뫨  ந  ⭮  
㫥  ᭮   ⠭    ,ਥ-
⢮ ਬ ⭮ 㫥
     -  ᪮  ࠧ  뫮  ந  ࠢ
  ᮧ ணࠬ ᯥ祭 ஫ 몠
"ᨬ  -  "  ⠬  ਮ-
 筮 㤮,    ⥬᪨ -
祭. , ந⢥  ᥡ⮨
⠢ 423330    ,      㯪 筮
㤮  ⥬᪨ ᯥ祭 ⠢  935760
,   ⢥ত  楫ᮮࠧ ᯮ-
  裡 ⥬ " 䠪ᨬ  - ஫
몠 -  "
     ࠡ⠭       ஥  ணࠬ

                           - 53 -

ᯥ祭   묨  㭪樮묨  ﬨ
(ᯮ짮  ⢥ 䠪ᨬ쭮   )  㦥  -
 ࠭ 㤮  ⥫᭮ 裡.
























































                           - 54 -

                   29. ᮪ pp.


     1. PC Magazine, June 23, 1987. 2. Byte, January 1989.
     2.    ᨮ. ... -  ᪢ 1991
     3. ppp  ppp   ⥣-
        p  p奬:  p筨.    2 ./
        .-..p,..pﭮ,  ..  p.;
         p. ..孮.   , 1988.- .1.
     4. ய  ᥬ⢠  8086/8088.   -   ,
        .ᮭ.    1987
     5. ., .. 殮 稪  ன
           ࠬ IBM PC.  1992.
     6. . 祢,. ⥯.  ..࡮. 䥩 ⥬
         ࠡ⪨ .    1989.
     7.  .30 .
     8. p .,   .  ppp :
        p. ./ p.     p.  ..p.
        2- .,pp.  . .:   ⨪,
        1992.
     9. 誨  ..,  㡭p ..    p .  - .:
         "" p ⨨ -  "",  "", 1991 .
    10.  25873-83. 楤 ࠢ  । -
        .



































                           - 55 -

          2ਫ 10.   B, C  D.
          1뢠 ⠭ p p.

Ŀ
 뢠 ⠭.       뢠 ⠭.         
Ĵ
                              1.  p DIS.            
2.  p㦥 DIS.                                       
3.  p DCS.                                          
                              4.  p㦥 DCS.         
                              5.  롮p p.            
6.  p ᨣ                                       
䠧p/p.                                     
                              7.  p/p    
                              8.  p CFR.            
9.  p㦥 CFR.                                       
10. p ᮮ饭.                                    
                             11. p ᮮ饭.          
12.   ᮮ饭                                      
 p ᨣ:                                         
 EOM,  EOP,  MPS,                                    
      PRI-Q.                                            
                             13. p㦥 EOM, EOP, MPS 
                                     PRI-Q.             
                             14. p   ᨣ- 
                                  ⢥p ⢥⮢ 
                                   -ᮮ饭.        
































                           - 56 -


         2ਫ 02.   B, C  D.
          1뢠 ⠭ p p.


Ŀ
뢠 ⠭.         뢠 ⠭.        
Ĵ
                             1.  p DIS.             
2.  p㦥 DIS.                                       
3.  p DTC.                                          
                             4.  p㦥 DTC.          
                             5.  p DCS.             
6. p㦥 DCS.                                        
7.  롮p p.                                          
                             8.  p ᨣ          
                                 䠧p/p.    
9.  p/p.                                 
10.  p CFR.                                         
                            11.  p㦥 CFR.          
                            12. p ᮮ饭.        
13. p ᮮ饭.                                       
                            14.   ᮮ饭 p  
                                ᨣ:  EOM,  EOP, 
                                MPS, PRI-Q.             
15. p㦥 EOM, EOP,                                  
  MPS  PRI-Q.                                           
16. p                                       
    ᨣ ⢥p                                 
    ⢥⮢  -ᮮ-                                 
    .                                                   




























                           - 57 -


         2ਫ 3.0 ᫥⥫쭮 ᨣ.
          1뢠 ⠭  ।饩
Ŀ
  뢠騩 ।稪          뢠 ।稪       
Ĵ
 1⠯ 0                                                      
                          <--    䨪 뢠    
                                 ⠭                   
Ĵ
 1⠯ 0                                                      
                          <--    䨪 ⥩  
 ଠ         -->                                
 ஢ /        -->                                
 ன                <--    ⮢  ਥ         
Ĵ
 1⠯ 0                                                      
 饭               ===>                                
Ĵ
 1⠯ D0                                                      
  ᮮ饭         -->                                 
                         <--     ⢥ত ਥ        
                                 ᮮ饭                   

         1뢠 ⠭  ਭ饩

Ŀ
  뢠騩 ।稪          뢠 ।稪       
Ĵ
1 ⠯ 0                                                      
                         <--     䨪 뢠    
                                 ⠭                   
Ĵ
 1⠯ 0                                                      
                         <--     䨪 ⥩  
                                              (DIS)          
 ।  (DTC)  -->                                 
                         <--     ਥ  (DCS)         
                         <--     ஢ / ன     
 ⮢  ਥ(CFR)-->                                 
Ĵ
1 ⠯ 0                                                      
                        <===     饭                   
Ĵ
 1⠯ D 0                                                     
                        <--       ᮮ饭 (EOM)       
 ⢥ত ਥ                                        
 ᮮ饭 (MCF)        -->                                  











                           - 58 -


         2ਫ 4.0  - 奬 ஫ 몠





                              Ŀ   Ŀ
                               1  1 Ĵ      
                           Ĵ 8  Ĵ      
                              2   2 Ĵ      
      Ŀ  Ŀ        5  Ĵ         
   Ĵ            Ĵ   3   3 Ĵ      
      6 Ĵ8251                 
                         Ŀ         
  Ĵ            Ŀ     2  1 Ĵ        
              8  Ĵ         >
                         Ĵ 2   2 Ĵ      
                             5  Ĵ         
      Ŀ                 3   3 Ĵ      
  Ĵ                              
      7                              
          Ŀ      Ĵ      
  Ĵ           ਥ/।               
          Ĵ      
                                           

    6 -  設;7 -  ਥ/।; 1 8253
- ⠩ 1; 2 8253 - ⠩ 2;  -  ࠡ⪨,ਥ
 । ଠ樨.
