

                                 ... 堬,     p業
                                  H⠭ ᢮ p.

                                                 .⠥

         ᪠  -   客 ﭨ,  -
樮쭠 p. H  ⮢  ⥫ 뫨,   -
⠫,      p.   裡  訬 p  襩
p  ᫥ p,  襬 ⢥  p -
  ⠫   p,    p ⠫
.  ⠪ ⥫ p᪨ ,   嬠⮢,
H 㬥,  ᨯ ⠬,  p ⠥.  ⮡ 㧭
    ,  祬   뫨  p , 
   p ,  ᬮp    ,  
  p楬.  ⮩      p p
..⠥,  ⥫쭮  p᪮  ,    
祭 襢 祫.
         p    ⠥  p   ᪢ 26 ᥭp
1892 .    p宦,  ᥬ  ,  ᯨ⠭   
p   p㤮 筮-㤮⢥ ⥫樨.  ᫨
ﭨ ,   p,  㭨p᪮ pp  
ᮧ⥫     ᪮᪨ 㧥 (뭥 㧥 p-
⥫ ),   p  p ⠢ p, -
,  , p ᠭp, p⭮  p  -
⠭ ⥩  ᠬ ᢮ p ᬥp, -  p p,
    몮:  "᫥ ⠪ p  ⠫ ⮫쪮 :
 ⮬".
         pp  p ⠥  p㤭,  p,  -
⮩稢.   pp,  p 訩   ,  p:
"p  ⠥  ᮢ頫    ᥡ  p ⨢  -
p⢮,   p p    襢 ᭮,
p  p   p p.    뫠 㡪
pp  訡".
          ⠥   砩          -
pp : "  ᯥ樠⮢ .   ᯥ樠-
 - ".    ᫮  p㤭,     ᪠ -
,  ⢨, ᥣ 뫠   p, p
⢥p,  "⢮ ᮡ⢥"   "p稢 -
  pﬨ".   p  ⢠   稭, p -
p. p p襥  .
                 p᭮ 
                   
                   
                  p.

                 p ⭨
                 
                   㡡⭨
                  ᫮

                   뭥
                  p
                 p᭮ p
                 p .

         ⢮,    p  p諨  -
   宩 ᪮ p,    p楩. 稫 
,  ,  ᥬ ⥫⢠, 쭮 ⥬: ᮢ-
ᥬ 쪮 窮 -  몠쭮 誮,  ⮬  ⮫᪨
ᨮ      pp,   ⨭᪮ ᪮ ,  
᪮᪨  ᨮ.
          ⠥  砫          (  ⮫쪮
-p᪨,   -p᪨, -檨),  -  ⭠-
. p  ᮡ ᥫ   ⠥, p  
᢮ "p".  쪠,  ⥫,  直 p, "ᤥ
 ᠬ". 쪮   砥 "" 뫮  p,  pᮢ,
 ,   ᠭ ᫮.      p,  ᠬ  
-.   p    - ᥬ ,  ⥬
-   쬠.
          1910        ᪮ p,  ⠩ 
ᥬ,  ᪠ 쭮 ꥬ ᡮp "p 졮".  
⨫  p ⠪ ⥫  ᪠⥫ p⨪,  
.pᮢ, H.㬥, .設.
           ⠥ 뫨  祭 p,   㯠
᢮ ⠫⫨,  ᢮p  p⢥.
H ⮬ 諨  p業.  p pᮢ,  ᮡ 墠
p  ,    吝        "ᥤ-
","p⢥ p ",  pp ,  p祬,
᭮   "譮"  p  ᢮  ⥬    "
直":  "Hᮬ  ⠫⫨  p ⠥   
  ⨬   ,  p ⮩ ,  
,  ,  , pp  ᢮ p  -
㦭,     誨".
          ⮬   졮  ⠥    ᢮  p  
p᪨ ⢮p   襩 ,   p⭮
襣   p 饩:

                     - ⠪ p!
                   p拉 - ⠪ !
                  p  筠 p,
                   砫 p ...

                 ... 嫮㫨 ⠢,
                 H ᥬ p ...
                  ⥡ pp筮- ,
                   -   !

             p᪠ p -  -
,   . " p 졮" -  p⮥ 饭.
p  p - p,      :   ⠭  -
.
          ⮫ p  p ⠥  -
 .      ,   ;   롪
 p ,  ⢮p 㤥᪮ p㪮.  H 䠭-
⨫ p - p祬,  p,     宦:
                 - " ,  p窨
                 ⠫    誠   p..."
                     ᮭ  p
                 㫠 㪫  p.
                                 (" p⪨").

         H p  㦥 p頫 饣 .  p
p - 㤥p  p⭠ "⢠", ᠭ ᮩ 
 ᥬ⨫, 26 ᥭp 1909 :
                 p  !    㤠
                 p, ᥩ,  砫 !
                 ,   㬥p, 㤠
                      .

                  p,   ᪠ p:
                 "p     祭  p".
                   ᠬ   - ᫨誮 !
                   p-  p!
                 ................................

                   p,  襫,  ᪨,
                    ᫥...
                    ⢮ -  ᪠
                     ᬥp-  ᥬ !

         H    ⥫ 㬥p   ,  -
  p;  -  ᪨ p.
         p 뫠 祭 ⮩ 祫 (" 墠 
 150  !").      ,  
-p⨪, p﫠  p p,  - -
p.
          ⢮p "⢠" p⮥ 頭   ⢮p:
"   p!".     ⢥  -  pp
p 梥⠥᪮ ⢮p⢠.
           "p 졮" p冷    ⪠  p
᪨  ⫥    ᯮ ᥤ⢮ ᪠ ᨫ,
p p ᥡ  ᪢ p  p䬮-
  ᪮   ᪮᪮ ⪨.  " ᥬp᪮
ᠤ",    p p ⥩   ⫨  p,
 : " p  ⥡", -    :
                  騭 ,     p
                   诠 p,   ,-
                 H ,  ⮫쪮   롥
                 筮- ᪮-  !

          "p 졮" ⠥  ᪠  ᥡ,  ᢮-
 ⢠  p  p ;   p p    
p .
         "p 졮"  p蠥  ⢮p " -
".  ⠥᪠ p  ᮧ⥫ ᫠  p 
.
           ⢮p p  ⠥ 㦥  㣠-
  ⮭樨  䫨   :  䫨
 ""  "",  p  쭮 , 
⮬    - p - 䫨 梥⠥᪮ :  
 .
         ᫥   "p  졮"      -
p ᡮp ⠥:  "襡 䮭p" (1912.)  "  
" (1913.) -   p ⥫⢠ "- 㪮",  -
 pp p p, p㣠  ⠥,  p
 1912   멤 .    p ⠥ - "
 ᭠" -  㦥 祭 p殮 襢 .
         ⮩稢   ⭮        p᪮᪨
p㫪,  p 㤭 pp᪮ ᥬ -     뫮
p孮,    p  㦥  襢 "堮" 饩,  
᪮ .
          ⮬ p ⠥ 㦥 p  ᥡ 業  -
 (㦥  1914.   뢠  ᢮ : " ᢮ 
 㢥p "),  p ⮬ 祣    -
,  ⮡   ᯥ ᢮ 祫    pp
.
          p 頫 p ᥣ     -
ᨨ   p᪮ p.  p 祭 ᨫ쭮  p,   p
p, ᪢  ⨫  客:
                 H p ⢥p p,
                 p⨫  p.

                 p稩 p p
                 H 騭 ⢥p⮩ ⮡.

                 p p,   ,   p,  墠!
                 H  , p: .

                   p  ᨭ -
                 Hᯮp  p⢮ ᪢.

                 -  楫 p p p
                   p  p!

         砫 뫠 ᪢, p  p , ⥬ -
 .    ᥣ   p,  筮, 稩 "襡-
"   pp㤭 p㫪:
                 堫    p㤭
                     .
                  뫮   p,  㤭...
                 㤭 ,      pp㤭,
                 pp⨢訩 ⥯p  .

           p⠫   ⮬  楫襬  p뢪  p᪮
⢮p.    襢:    ⠭ ⭨楩
 ᮡ⨩,  p砫 ⥩;  ⮫,  p⨢, 﫠 ᮡ
   pp⢮    㦤  pp  p
p  "譨",  - ⮫ p⥢襣 ,   p 㦥
 뫮 p.   㧭  客 ⠥,  룫拉 -
  ⮫,   ᠬ ,  - "   p⥪p, -
".  H  ,   p冷    ⮯,  p ⠪ 
⠫ p    :
                  ⮯!      
                 H ᪨ p
                  ⮯ p 権,
                    pp...

            ⠥  p, p p
᪢   ⢮p⢠,    p⥯  ⠢
  :   ᢮ ᫠, , 롪  -
⢠.  p᪠  p    p⠬ p⪮ 쭮
騭:
                   ⠭  p
                   㣮
                   쪮.

          p  1917   p ⠥    
ᠬ  訥  ,     p p ⨢,  -
p   ᫥    p᪠襩,  ⮬  pﬨ
p᪮ p.
           㤠 ,  ᠭ  p ﭢp
- 砫 䥢p, ᯥ p    :
                 p 砫   祢:
                  p   筮  - p,
                  p   - p,
                  p     - ,
                  p 稭  - !
                     ⥡  p - ᯠ.
           ᢮ 客 ⠥ 頥 ⠬ ᮢp-
: 嬠⮢, , 类᪮, p.
                 ... 祬 p  㯮 p,
                   ᢥ⫮ ᫠ ᫥ p稩...
                 -   p ⥡ ᢮  p, 嬠⮢! -
                  p ᢮  p.

         H   뫨    ᮡpﬨ   p.    
   ⠥          ⢥      ⮬,    p
 ⨫   ᮡp  "p p",   ⢮ 
,   p,   , 﫠.  ⠫, 
,   頫 p⭨ ᢮,  p  -  ᥡ  頫
ᮡp⮬   p⭨ ,     ⠫ ᥡ p ᪠,
  誨: "p p ,  稭:   p-
   p!". p⢮    p﫠 ⠥-
,   ⮫  -  p襭  ,  -
饭 ;      ᮯp⭮ ⮩ ⢮p᪮ 
,   "p客" ᢮,   ᫨  ᬥ -  ⮫쪮  -
p  ⠫      ,  饭    1916 
1920-1921 .
                 p -  p,
                 p - p,
                 p⢮ -   p.
                  ᢮.

                 騭 - 㪠,
                 p - p,
                   ᫠
                  ⢮.

         p ⠥   ⮫쪮 ,    p.  p
⠥ ᭮ 易   .   ,    , 
 䠪,  ⮫쪮 ,   砭, p⬨, p ⥩.
 ᠫ: "p  - p㣠 p, 祬 p p,  
 ᨫ -  p,  ᫮,    - ."
           ⫨稥  ᪨ p,    ᪠
      쭮   p,      p      
ppp,  ᭨ ,  p   p , 
᫮   ᨭ.
         p ⠥ ᮧ ⫥ 让  ⠡,
ᮬ,  ⥫쭮.    ⠪,  ⠥ p
p ⢮, , ᮡ, 䠪 - ᥣ ꥬ. -
⠥  p 筮  ⪮ p᪠  ᢮ p.
            p᪨ p  饭  誨.    
p ,   p   誨     
㧭 ᭠砫. ,  誨   p ⮬,  p-
    㡨. p㦤   pᮭ.  誨 "p"
⠥ ᫮ .  ⮬     ⠪  ⨫
⢮ 客:
                  p,   㤥⮢,
                  㦥, ᫠  ,
                 誨  p - 㬥?
                  ? - .

         ᪮p ᢥp訫 p᪠  p,  p  p
⠥  p﫠   﫠.    p諮  ⨭ p
p⢨.   ,     ᥩ ᢮ p᪮ -
p ᢮ 祫᪮  ᪮ pp  p 
p樨 筨 ⢮p᪮ 襢.     㬥 
 p p,   楫  ,     뫠 
襩 p      p .
          pp p  -p p ᮡ类. 
  1922      ⠥         ᢮  p    㥧  
p   ,  p    p.   p㡥  
᭠砫  p,  ⮬ p   p;   p 1925  
pp    p.    뫠 p᪠,  p㤭,  .
p室   pp,  ⠪   ⮫ 뫮    p-
⢠.
         砫  p p﫠  ⠥    ᢮,  
⭮  ⠫   墠.  H ᪮p p⨭ ⢥ -
. p ᥣ  ⠥ 㯨 ⪮ p. -
p᪠  p,   設   p⭮ p맭 ᥢ-
 "p権"  "p⨩", p  pp뫠 p ᮩ 
ᥩ  ᢮    p⥫쭮 .  ⥯  裡 
 p樥 p.      , p
  p        -
  ⮫ p.
         ⥫쭮 ⪠  ᢮  ,   祣
㦥     p  㬨⥫  ᯮ-
  ⮬,   諮  p諮.     砫 ᮢᥬ 
:
                 p :
                  㤭!
                 p   ᥭ:
                 p  p!

                  p譨 p
                   p  嫠.
                  ᠬ  p
                 p p!

         p 業 㯫  p祭      "p譨
p"   쭥襬  ⠥ p㤭,   ⮣ - -
⥫ ⥬,  p묨 p,    p  ⨦-
 让 p .
         p ⠥  ᭥ 몠  ⥭  -
⢠.   p,  p,    p.
 ⠪ 襭,   ⠪ 樨  p᪨ p⠫  -
, p⠫   p.
           ⥫쭮:     p p樨, 㡥-
    ,    ⠬,   p㡥,  p ,  
p p p   樠쭮 p⢥, 㢨 p
     뫮 p᪨ p.
          業, ᠬ ᮬ  p ⢮p⢥ -
  -  㣠ᨬ   "p⭮ "  类 -
.   쭥襬 ⢮p⢥ ⠥      p  -
p᪨  .        p   ⠥   p 
p  p  ⮬,  p室  ⮩ -
.  "   ᫮ ppp,  p 
 p,  - ᠫ .  - H   ᨨ,    - 
 ⮫쪮 ,    ᫨  ᥡ.    p -
 p     ".    祭  p  ⨥
""     ᮤp.  稭 -
 p p᪮ p樨 ("    "),    稭
⪮ p訢  " 砭 ".
         ᪠  ᨨ,  ᪠뢠  ⠪  p᪨  -
p,   "ᢥ  p", "稭", "᪮ p  
",  " ⫨  ...", ᯫ⠥  㬮   -
,  p       , -  ᪮ , 
 , p  .
                    ⠫
                   pﬨ p묨,
                  p  诠
                  ⠭.

                  p -  ᢠ,
                  p -  p.
                      ⠫
                   蠫 p筨.
                 .........................

                  p -  ⠩...
                   ﬨ  蠫묨
                   p ⠫
                  ᪢  诠!

          30-    p  ⠥  ᮢp襭  ᭮ ᮧ
p㡥,⤥訩    p樨.  祭  -
  ⠥,  p  﫠  30- ,   横
"  ".       p  ᪮ ,
   p  ,   p ᮢp襭 ᮡ ᪫-
  ᮡ , 㤥pp饩 p -  饥,   ᠬ
p - " p".
                 H  p    ᥫ -
                 ,   ,   ᢮  p,-
                  p - ᥬ p p!
                 㤠   - p
                 ,- ᮡ - ⥡,
                   訥.
                 ................................

                 H  p p:
                 " -  p, -  p!"
                  ⠭  p
                  - 㤠  !
                 ................................

                 H p   !
                 ,   ,   - p -
                  ᢮ p,   ᢮ ,  ᢮  -  -
                   - ,    - ,
                   -  - p!   ᥩ -  -  p!
                     -  p  - p!   -  p!

           ⠥ - ﭨ p,   -  
 p⭮ ᯮ "殢",  p p﫨 p,    
p   p  ,   "" ⠥  
- ,   ⢥ p,  . ⮫  ⢥p ⠥
ᬮp   ᢮ 饥.  ,   졠 - p
 "殢".     墠⠫  㦥⢠  p  p
p , p⨢ p  ⠪ p㤭 ⠢.
         筠 p  p⠫  p .  
㢨  p ᪠ 訧  ᯥ p .  ᫥,
 ⠥ ᠫ  p樨,  - 横    ᪨
客    p⮯⠭ ᫠,  p    p
.   ⨭ "   ", ⠥ p﫠 㦥 -
 - ᯠ⥫ p  .    , -  p ,
 p :
                 ,p p,
                   ᢥ!
                 p - p - p
                 p p .

                 ⪠뢠 - 
                   - 
                 ⪠뢠  - 
                   頤.

         H ⮩  ᫥ ﭨ p ⢮p⢮ -
⠥.  ⠫ p 祫᪮ ⢮.  ⮣ -
 p.
          1939    ⠥  ⠭   ᢮   ᮢ᪮
p⢮  p頥  p.  殮    ᥬ-
   㦡.   ⠫ p     "  
  ⥬".  H  ⠪  稫.    ⥫⢠
᫮ :    p ᭮ pp.
⠥  ᥫ  ᪢,  ⮢ ᡮp ⢮p.  H
 p㫠 . pp⭮ 樨 pᨫ ⠥ ᭠-
  ⮯,   ⥬  . -   ⨣ -
,  p   ⠪ 㡮 ⢮ ᪠  ᢮ .
祭,  p p,  31  1941  p 
⠥ 稫  ᠬ㡨⢮.   p﫠. 
p諮      ᯮ  ᪮ pp⢠,   
堬 " p業  ⠭ ᢮ p".
         p ⠥  -    ⠥    p㣨.  
  訡筮 㧭 -  ᮡ  pᯥ,  p
p⬠,  饩 ⮭樥.  ᪨  㦥 砫 ᪠뢠
ᮡ 梥⠥᪠ 墠⪠    p饭    ⢮p  ᫮,
p    p᪮  ⪮  p襭.  㯠
⠪ p⭮ ⮩ 譥 p.
         pᥩ ᢮  p筮    ⠥   
ᮡ ⮣ ,   ⥫쭮 -
 p. p ⠥ ⥫  pp,  ᪠ 
 p .
         p ⠥  -  让  ,       p
p᪮    ⥫. H᫥ p ⠥ 
 p㤭 p.  p ᮧ ⠥, p p - ᥬ-
 ,  ᥬ ⢮p  p,  ⮡p᪠,  -
p, p-pp  䨫᪮-p᪠ p.
             p pp 祭,  p  -
p᪮ p.   砩 ᢮p,  p㤭墠⨬ 
ᥣ ⮨ ᮡ类.
            p p,  p㣨 - p᪨ ;
- p  - ᪠   稬  䠫쪫p  p-
; p ⠭  p ᮢp 砭-
 p   ; -    䨫᪠
p 20- ,  p p  pp 쬥,
p訥  ᥡ p 㤮⢥ p㭨 -
.    ᠭ ꥤ p뢠饩  ᫮-
 祩 ᨫ .
         "⠥ -   p 稭.  ⢮  -
⭮     筨 ᢥ,  p    筨
 ᪮.  -  ᪮ 客 p 祫-
 p,    饭 p㬨   ᪮筮,  p
  ⨦..."  - ⠪ ⮧  ⢮p⢥ ⠥,  
⢨ .樥.   ,  p 㢨 p ⠥,
p    㦭  .   p諠 㢥p,    
,   騩 .  p  -  祬  ᪮쪮   뫠
p.



                              

1. ਭ ⠥. ࠭. , "饭" 1989.

2. ਭ ⠥. ⢮७. . ., "᪠ "
   1988.

3.ਭ ⠥. ⢮७. . ࠬ᪨
  ந. ., "㤮⢥ " 1990.

























































































































