	       


 p 䨫䨨 ⨥ ⨪ pp p :  p砫쭮 ,   p ᫮ ""  ""  砢襣 ⢮ ᯮp  䨪樨 ⨩,  ᮢp, 筮  ⨪,  ᭮ p  ⨥ p. pp,  䨫᪮ ᫮p ⨪ p  "㪠     p pp, ⢠  諥",   祡  䨫䨨 ( p樥  ..p, 1989 .) ⨪ pᬠp "    p 祭  p⨨".  筨, p p ⠭p  pᨧ,  p ⨪  ,  p  ᪮ ⮤ (). pp,  p 権 ..㣨, 1995 .: "᪨ ⮤ p pᬮp    pᮢ  ᥮饩 裡, ᫮  p". p᪨ p ᭮ (,  : "   p⨨"),  祢,   p ⥬, p稭  p⨥.
 ⨥ "p⨥" p  p ⢥  p   ꥪ⮢, pp饥  p  p⨬. p p  p⨬ ⫨砥 p⨥  p . ᫥⢨ p  p⨬     , ⨣ p p p ,  ⢥  ﭨ ꥪ,  ⮫쪮  ᢮   p ﭨ,   p饥 . p⠭  䨫䨨  騥 p, 뢠騥 筨   ᨫ 类 p,  堭, 騩 p  p, 뢠 ᭮묨  ⨪. 

⬥⨢  ,   ᢮  (p ⥫ ᭠p冷),  訩   "⢥ ਨ" (1 ...)   ⨣㬠 ஭ "⥭": "  ᬠਢ   㯭 ⥭, 㬠 祫᪨ 㬮, ⮬   楫 稭 祫 ᬥ     ਤ    ⠢  ..."

⥬⨧  ""  ⨣  ॢ 業  樢樨 (, ᮯ⠬, ⠥, ) ࠧ  ᮪ ஢, 祬  筮 ।⠢ ᥡ ᮢ६ 祫. ⠩᪨  XII .  .. ᮮ  "⥮." ஥ ⥬ "᭮ ⮢" (, , ॢ,   ).  ᮯ⠬ p  p冷 p p⨢⥩, ⢨ p "⠢ p": ᪮  ᪮, ⥯  宫,     ..      ⥮p᪨ 楯樨, p p 樢ﬨ, 孮﫨  頫 ᫥騥  ᫨⥫  pp᪨ 䨫䮢  祭  p.  㧭   p  .pp  .pp   㭨pᠫ쭮 p᪮ p ...



ਭ ,  樮 ⥮ਨ  樮   ⢮ ஫ ண   ࢨ᪠ (᪠) ⥮ 樨 ( ⨫ ᢮ "⠫" .ࢨ).   ⠪,   樮 ⥮, ⭠   "㭨ନ",   "᪮" (ॠ樮᪮) ⥮ਨ, 饯ਭ⮩   , 뫠 㫨஢  ᮬ ⮭ (1726-1797). ᭮  楯樨,   ᪨ ᫮  뫨 १⮬ 쭮  (⮯),   ᮡ⨩   ⢮ (6000  ),  ନ஢  १ ⥯,   祭   ᮢ,     ᮢ६ .    .⮭, .   祡 : "  -  襩 ⥯,   - 묮⨫ ண 樮 ⥮ਨ". ᭮⥫ ᮢ६    (1797-1875)  1833 .  "᭮ "   ⢥ 㭨ଭ  (஧  㫪)  ⠡ ६ ⢨ - " ",   ⠢  ॠ樮᪮ 楯樨. ਮ  ਧ .ࢨ,  樮 ࠧ ࢨ (1731-1802),  ண   㧭 ⥮ 㭨ନ.
⢥,  " ᮧ ⥮ਨ 㭨ନ  ⢥ 맮 ᪮ ⥮ਨ ⢮७  ᪨ 稭 뫮 ⮫쪮 , ᪮쪮  ... ᫨  뫮   筮 ⢥ত ,  ᮡ  ⭮襭 祢 ᮡ - ⮯, ⮣ 뫠  ࠧ襭 ᠬ 䨫᪠ ᭮ ᪮ " (.稭, "ᥬ ⫠ 㤥", .  .  . "祢 ⢮७ ", .: "⠭", 1991, .78-79).
   - ࢥ⢮   ନ஢ ⨭   ᪠ ⨫  -   㡥 1-  (⨥   ,  ⥬ ୠ᪮, ନ  ய .  .楫, "筮" ᭮   ᨧ). 砥     ६,  㡥   1 . ("⨪").  祢 ஫  "ਬ" ⢮  樮, ஫  䨫䨨 ࠥ   ᪠ ⥮ 樨,  ⭮ - 樮ࢨ, 㧨⢮  ..,  ⠪ 樮 ୮-᪨ 楯樨. ᯮ짮  ஭    ⨧p  諮 .  ⥬  ᮢ६ ⢮  p ⢮ ⨩, p⠢  , p ⢨⥫쭮 䨫᪮ 饭.  ⠪ 饭  ᯮ  ᮬ⥫ , p  ,  ⮬ ᫥  樠쭮 p    楫p ppp 楫 .


⨥  ⮩稢 樢権  ᪨ ⥬.
騥   ਭ樯 ࣠樨, ன  p (樨) 

   뫮  ᠬ 砫 ᢮⢥ 樠쭮 䨫䨨, ⥫쭠  p p    .  ⮬ 䨪p 室,    ⥣p  ⨩, p 㦥 p 諨  .
 㫨஢ ᪨ 䨧 .ᥭ  1909 . 祢 ⨩  ନ ⨪ (, ⨯, 䥭⨯),  ᯥਬ⠫  ⥮᪨ ᫥, ࠪ᪮ ਬ ⨪  ᯮ짮  ⨩   ᮯ殮 , ᮡ  ⥮ਨ 樨,  , ⮤᪨ 室  ࠧ 諥   ਮ 饭  饪p ࠪ  稬,  ᮮ⢥⢥ 䨧-孮 ⥫ "㬥"  ⥫쭮-pp樮 p⢠ (筮 p),     ᮮ⢥ १砩 ᫮     ஢  ࣠樨, 稭  ᠬ  -   ⪨   訬 - 祫᪨ ⢮  p.
  稢, p⢥  p⨨    ண  ࠭ଠ樨 , ⠫   樮-୮  ⨯ ⢠   -  樠쭮 ⨯. 㠫 ⨯  樮 ⨪    ⠡樨    㭪権;  ⢮, ७樨  塞 묨; , ९, ⮩稢  ⨬  ਧ; ࣥ樨, ७樨, 樨, ⢮, ᨬ  ᨭ⥧  ⢨ , ᨬ    ண; ﭨ ०, ⨬㫨   䠪஢; ᯮᮡ, 樨  ⡮; ࣠樨, 樨, ᯠ (ᨨ)  ; ᮮ⭮襭 ਠ, ࣥ᪨  㯯 ଠ樮 痢  ⢥⢥  ன; ࠢ୮ 樨, ண  ॣ; ᮮ⭮襭 ॢ権  権; ࠢ 樨  ମࠧ; ࢠ⨧  ନ; ᫮, ࠧࠧ  ⮩稢; ᮮ⭮襭 ⨯, 䥭⨯  ।  ..
ࢨ ࠧ 稢  ।  ।  -ᮢ६, ᮮ⢥⢥ ⨯ (᫥⢥)  䥭⨯ (᫥⢥). 
 (  ਧ  १ 室 ᯥ筮 ।  ᯥ筮  ॠ樨) ந室 ⮫쪮  ᫥⢥ ண  (᫥  ਧ 䥭⨯,   ଠ ॠ஢, ᫮, ० ᥣ ன ).
᭮ ⥮ਨ ⠡饣 ⡮ 죠㧥, ⠡ ਧ ⨣  ⮣ ନ஢  ⮣ ᫮ ५⨢ ᨬ⥩, 㤥ন ࠧ⨥ ਧ  । ࠬ. ५⨢ 裡 ᯥ稢  ⮭  ࠧ⨨ , ண 䥪, ࠦ騩  ⢥ ମࠧ (ନ஢).  ९ 㦥 讣 ᫠ ᫥⢥ , ࠧ  (ਬ, ଠ  ஧䨫 ࠧ  ﭭ ࣠,     ⥬, ,   㣨 ᫮ ।,   樨   襭 ५⨢ 堭 ⮭ ࣠ 稢  ⥯  ᫮ ।    ࠧ⨥). ⭮⥫쭠 ⮭  ⭮  ⮣ ᮧ  樨  ॠ஢  ࠭ 䮫 ਧ (   ࣠ ࣠ ࠧ ᪮ ந宦   䮫᪨ ⮩稢 室,     ⨯  ஬ᮬ  樥 㦨 ⢥ ࠧ   ନ஢).
ࠢ 樨 ()   ᮮ⭮襭  ⥭ᨢ  ᪮  ᫮ (।)  ࣠樥  㭪樥 饣 ࣠.     ᫨誮 ᨫ   ணᨢ ८ࠧ (ਬ,  ७  襭 ᢥ饭)    ࠤ - ࠭  , ᯮᮡ 㧨   ।, .. 室騥  ᨢ ஭,   , ॢ  稢   ⨢ 祭 -   ࣠ ⬨ࠥ ( ⮢  㡮  "祧 "). 
  ᯥ  (ମࠧ)  ᮡ ᫥騥 ᫮:
1. ࠢ⥫쭮   ।
2. ᫮ ⠭, ᯥ稢騥 筮 ᮪ ஦ (ࠧ)  ᫥  ᪫騥 .
3.᫥⢥ 稢  筠 ண
4. ⢨ 魨 (ॡ⥫) 饩 魮.
5. 稥 ᫮,  ந⢮ ⢥ ᯮᮡ (ਬ, 稥 魨)
6. ࠧ 痢  ࣠ 㣨 
7. ᮡ  裡  㦥.
8. 稥 ᢮ ᭮ ⥭樠 (ਠ쭮-⢥, ࣥ᪮  ଠ樮).
樮   ⮫쪮 ,   祫 - ஬. (ਬ: 祫   ᮡ 窮  㢨 㦠騩  ॢ , ⢥, ᮢ襭 p.  १ 4  ਭ      ௨ 㤮. ᫨  窨,  ᭮ ⠭ ॢ).
祭 ਢ쭮 , ஥ ﭭ 㦨 - ࣠ ஫ ࣠樨, ॣ     樨 (᫥⢨ ⠭ ᫮ ७஢ ⨯   ⮩  筮 ᯮᮡ塞 䥭⨯, 樮 襭 ⮩稢 ).

⮩稢 ᫮ ⥬  ⮩稢 p⨥
 ⮩稢  ⮩稢 ࠧ  ⠡쭮  ࢨ묨  ⨢ 祢묨.    뢠,   ⮫쪮  ࠧ  ,    ,  筮 㧪  , ࠧ  뢠    ࠧ .  । 砨,  ࠧ  뢠   ⥬  ஬   ।   ⮩  ࠡ.  㤨⥫쭮 ⮬ ⨢稢 砥 뢮. ᥣ ᯮ ।, ਭ  堭, 䨧  ୥⨪ -   ࠭  ਬ  ᫮ ᪨, ⭮-  樮 ⥬   室騬   ண ⢨, ࠭ଠ樨, ਧ  ,  ⭮.
筮 ।⠢ - ଠ쭮 .  筮  ᯮ짮 ⨬   ᠬ ࢮ ⠯ ᫥ - 䨪樨 ஡.
  ᯮ ᫥騥 祭 ()  ⮩稢 ( ᨭ㥬  ⨥ ⠡쭮):
1)  ࠭ ꥪ  楫 (  )  祭 ண ६ (⮩稢-楫⭮);
2)  ⠡쭮 ﭨ  ६, ﭮ⢮ ࠪ⨪, ⭮, ਠ⭮ (⮩稢-⠡쭮);
3)  ᯮᮡ ⠭ ० ﭨ  ࠢᨥ 饭 (⮩稢- ᠬ⠭   ᠬᡮન  ⠢ ⮭묨 ⮢);
4)  ᯮᮡ ஢  訬 ᫮, ३   ࠢ᭮ ⮣ﭨ, ᬥ ࠢᨥ (⮩稢-筮);
5)  ᯮᮡ ࠭   ࠬ (騬  ࢨ஢묨)    㣨 ࠬ஢ (⮩稢-⠧  ⮩稢-);
6)  ᯮᮡ  譥 ⢨    ⮢  "" (⮩稢-୮);
7)  ᯮᮡ " " ᨣ, " ᨬ", ⨢ ⢨, ॠ  ࠦ   ॠ (⮩稢-ᮯ⨢塞);
8)  ᯮᮡ  ⥫쭮 ஢ ⢨    樨 - 筮 ᨬ樨 (⮩稢-魮);
9)  ᯮᮡ ய᪠ "᪢ ᥡ" ᨣ (⮩稢-஧筮);
10)  ᯮᮡ ࠭ 㭪 (㭪樨) /  (୮-㭪樮쭠 ⮩稢);
11)  ᯮᮡ ࠭ ࠥ ⥬ (⮩稢-१).
 ᯮ   ஡ 樨 祭  ⮩稢          祭 । ᫠  祭. ਬ, .. ।  ⮩稢 ᨨ  ࠭筮 樢樨    ਠ 1+7+11,  : "楫  த ᢮ ᨬ ".
  1959 . .. 表 ⨫,  "⮩稢" - ନ, ᨫ쭮 ॣ㦥  ᫮ ⭮襭.   ⨫  ॣ㦥   ᫠.  ਮ५ ஬ 祭  ᪨   ᫥,   ⮬ ᫥ 㦤   ଠ,  ⠪  ⠫ ।-⨢ (᪫祭 ⠢ ࠡ  ⥬᪮ ஢,   ନ ᯮ 筮 -  㭮  ० -  ࠭).    襫  ⨪  樢樮  p樨   --, 1992 .,  ⥬ -  ᪨  樠쭮-᪨ pp p⥫⢠   ᪨ p⨩ ᨨ 

			 pp.
p쭮  ﬨ 樨  ⮩稢 p,  ⨬樨 ਠ,     䠡ਪ,    ஦ 㪮 ,   ५  -  ண.  ,   p  㪥  ᭮    p⨭ p, ⠪   饭 㪨 ᠬ ᥡ  ᪮筮 p饩 ⥬   ᯮᮡ p p, ⠫   ᭮  p쭮 ⢠. .ᡥ : " p殮  p 祫⨩     뫠     ⮫  ,   pp   樢樨".
᪨ 䨫 ..ᥢ 㪠뢠      䮫 樠쭮 . 堭 ⮭, ⠥ , " ᮮ⢥ ᯥ᪨ ய᪮ 祭  ᪮筮 ண ⢠  ". ਠ p p ᯮᮡ p⢠, 騩 ᠬp饩 ᯮᮡ  p  ᯠc. p  pp p⢠  襭 p⥫쭮 p㤠  뫮 ⢥,  ⨢  ⥫쭮 .   ⢮, ⠢襥  ⮬ 樠쭮 p浪, p ᪮ ᭮  諮    pp, p pp ᨫ ⢥ .   ⨬஢  ࠧ ࠤ樮 祫᪨ ⭮襭,  "  ᪨ ஡",  ᭥  ᮫୮  ࠤ. 
  ண  樠쭮 , p  ਠ쭮 ⢥  ᨬ, ᮧ ᮡ  䮭 (" ய" ).    ண  䨫   ⠢    ⨪ "  " ⨪ "  쭥". ᫥⥫  ᪨ 䨫 ..࠭ : "  쭥, ६   "쭥"    ᢮ ६ ᫮ ࠧ  . ⨪   쭥  ⮣,  类 "쭥"  ᢮ ⢫,  ᢮ "ਡ"  ॠ쭮  ॡ ६   ந ⮫쪮  饬,  ⨪ ண,   ⮬ ᫥ ࠫ쭮 ᮧ栭   ⨯筮 ᮧ栭 ண. 类  ६  ண ᭮  栭 饣  饩    ࠢ⢥ 㦤  . "㦤  १७   饣,    ⠪     ;    ࠭ 殢  ३ ".
樮  ண p  ⢥ ᮧ  㡥,      p, ⠪   ⠫ ᠬ⥫  pp  楫.  﫮  ࠭祭  ஬諥 ⨪,  p ⠫ ᯠ p⢠ - pp ppp  ᮪p饭  横 p p樨, ᪮p ᬥ  .  த ᮢ襭 ᮡ  -  ।  ⢮ ॡ.
  ᠬ ᫥ ⨫,  ⠫ 祢묨 ⢥ p p쭮 ᯠᨨ, ᠬ 業p쭠  p쭮 樢樨 ⠫ p⮬ ᮬ. p 樠᪮ p樮  p ᠫ: ",   ᫮ ⮣,    p樨 뢠 "ppᮬ", pp 㡮 䨪樨, pp⨢  ꥪ ᪨ pᨩ. pp -  孨᪮, ᪮  樠쭮  -  樠쭠 ⨪     뢠  ⮫쪮  ﭨ p樨 p  p㣮,    樨".