                     8:     
  
   㪠 ॢ   ।   ⠪  筠   ய,   
ॢ⠩᪠ .   ᫨,   ࠧ   ᮯ⠬  , 
    "।㪥",  "⮭㪥",  ..  뢪 ᪨
  ࠧ ,   ꥤ    ⥬,   ⠩ 
 㦥 ᬠਢ     ᫥ ⮣ ᫮, ..  ⪮ -
஢ ⥬ , 稭  ⮤. ᭮ ᮯ⠢ 
 ॢ⠩᪮ 㪨  ன 㪨  । ய. ।-
, ᫥ 筮  ࠤ樨,  뤥﫮 ᥬ  樯,  ᥬ "᢮ 
": 㬠 "ਢ", 騩  ࠬ⨪, ⨪  ਪ,  
⥬᪨ "ਢ", 騩  ᥡ 䬥⨪,  ,   -
஭ (᭮,  몠  । ⭮ᨫ  ⥬᪨ 樯-
,   몠⮬ ⠫  ,   㬥    - -
,  ,   易   몠쭮 ମ  ᫮묨 ୮-
ﬨ). ⮤, ॢ騬   樯   楫,  뫠 ଠ쭠 -
, ᮧ ⥫  ࠭ᯮ஢  । ᮧ.  㪨  
ॢ ⠥ 稭﫨 ᪮쪮  䨪樨.  ࠧ﫨  -
⢥  ⢥.  ⢥ 㪠 ⭮ᨫ 樭, 娬, -
  ᢮ ᭮ 㪮  ᬥ⨨, ஫,  樠  
室  ᬨ᪨ ᮢ,  ,  뢠 ⭮ ᯮ 
    ᮡﬨ ,   䨧,   䨫-
  ᯮ ᪨ 奬,  ⠪  ᮮ⢥⢨ -  பᬠ 
  த .  ⢥ 㪠 ⭮ᨫ ⥬⨪, ᨢ-
,  ⫨稥  筮,  ᪨,   ࠨ᪨ ࠪ, ⥬-
᪠ ମ - 㪠 䠣३᪮ ⨯,  ᫥ ᫮ ୮ 
஥ 몠 ,  ⥬᪠ ஭,  ⠪ 稭 ஭-
᪨  । ᫮ ᮮ⢥⢨.  ভ, 뢠騬   
㪨   楫, 뫠  ⠩᪮  祭 筠 樯 - 㬥-
஫,   ⮬  ⥫ . ଠ쭠   -
   ॢ   ࠪ᪨ ⢮  -   뫮 易   
।⥭, ⤠  室⢠   ⭮襭   ࠧ   ⥪饩 
    ண ।,  䨪樨 ⪨ ࠭ .  ਭ樯 
᥮饩 裡, ⢥ ⭮  饩 ਢ  ⮩ -
     ࠤᠬ,  ਭ ய᪨ ᮧ  쥧. 
   (IV .  ..) ⢥ত,  "   ":  䨧᪨   
⨥ "", -  ஢ ⢥ ⫨  ⨥  ᠬ ।⮬,
ਠ 쭮   쭮 砫  ਠ쭮.  㣨 ਬ஬ -
ࠧ ଠ쭮-᪮ 諥  ࠤ,  ਢ  -
: "蠤"    砥 "蠤".  ""  "蠤" 砥 "".
 ""   "蠤",  砥 ᫮   " 蠤".   ⠢ 
( 蠤)   ।⢮ ⠢ (蠤) ⨬".  
  㦤  ,    祫 ࠢ⢮ ꥬ ⨩ -
 ᫮   ⨢⠢, ,   ॢ  ⭮襭 -
祭.
     ᭮ ᮡ ⠩᪮  諥    몥,
     ନ  ࠪਧ     ᮢ㯭,   饥 ⨥ 
饥  ᮢ㯭.  "ਬ: "" ()  -    ᬮ-
᪮ ਠ ",  ,  祫"  (, , ),  祭   楫  
祭 "த"; ... "䨣 (⥫᭠ ଠ)" (ᨭ) -   ⮢ -
  ⢥  饩,  ", ,  䨣, 砭,  梥" (, 
, ᨭ, 蠭, ),  祭 㬬   ⮢ ... " " ()
-   " ()    () " (, )  饥 祭 
   .."  ⬥祭 䠪  筮  :  ᮢ-
㯭 ⮢ 뤥  - ,  ⮬   ⮦⢫  ⠫-
:  = ,  = ,  =   .. -  ᫥ ⮣  ᠬ .   ⮦-
   饣  訬  ᨭ ࠫ樥.   ⮬ 
筮 : ⠪ "", ਬ,  㯠  ᨭ ᫮ "⢮", 
ண   祭  "㡫, 騩",  ⠪  "ࠢ⥫⢥, -
", ନ ""     ࠪ⮢   ᫠ 10000 -  ⠩-
 ⥬  ।쭮 ᫮,  窠, "쬠" ().  ᫥ 䠪 -
  ᭥ ᫥騬 ࠧ:  ᫮, 襥 ,   ।⠢ 
    ᫮ אַ   ⢮.   筮 ⢥   10000 -
⮢ 10000  ᬠਢ   訩  ⢠ (" -
")   ᮢ㯭  ⮢ (""). ᭮,   ⠩᪮ 몥  
ࠧ ⢥  浪 ᫨⥫. ⬥祭 ୮ -
  ᯥ: 䬥᪨,   騩 童 ᮮ⭮  訬 -
   童,   頥,  ᪨,  騩 童 ᮮ-
  業ࠫ쭮  樥 ᨬ筮  ᪮ 䨣.   ⠪ 䨣 
ࠪ : ந, ,  ⠪ 㬥:   "", -
 "" (3*3), ⭠ אַ㣮쭨 (3*5). ࠫ -
   䨣 ᮮ⢥ ᫠ 3,5,9,15,    ⠬  業ࠫ -
  騥 .
    ⮬  㦥  "㬥஫᪮" ⨥ ,  -
 㭪樮஢ -  பᬠ । ⨪ ᫮ ᮮ⢥⢨. 
   㪠      䠣३⢮,   ᯥ樨  
᫠ 室  ਨ 筮 ᫨,    ⠥  﫨    ᠬ 
業.  ᭨. ᫨ ⮩ ஢७    裡  
饩, 室 ਭ樯,  ஭뢠   ⨥  楫,  ⠢  
 .   ᫮ ୮⥩  ।⠢ ᮡ ਠ樨 -
 ਭ樯. ⢨⥫쭮, ᫮  稭   㭭  㭭 
: ஭᪨ ,   祫᪮ ࣠, 몠쭠 ମ-
  .. ᫠         㭨ᠫ -
⮬  饩, ᢮ࠧ "⮩" ᬨ᪮ .  㣨  ⠪ 
""  ᨬ,  ᬠਢ  ⥫쭮   ਧ஢ 
ࠧ, ࠣ஢  饩.   ந⥪   "䬥-
᪮"  "᪮" 室,  ன  㦥 㯮 .  -
⥫쭮   -  பᬥ ⠢  ᮮ⢥⢨ । ᫮ 
 ᪨ ࠧ.    ᮮ⢥   ந筮, -
 -   筮.   ன  㣮  ⢥ન  ⮬  
⥬,   㦭 ਡ⥫쭮  ࠢ ६ ࠬ,  ਬ 㣠 -
६ (..   ) ஭.   易       
ਮ୮ 묨 ᫮묨  ୮ﬨ 㤥 ⫨     -
஡    ⭮ 㪨,    ⢥  㯠    
 ॢ⠩᪨ ⥪⮢, 稭  । ᫮  -
᪨ ୮,   ࠭⢥ ᯮ ண䮢  
⥪.
    ન ਬ஬ 㬥஫᪮ ਥ樨  ⠩᪮ 諥 
ࠪ "槨"  " ६" - ,  ஬ ﭨ   -
⠩ ,  த ஬ ⢮  権   ⮫
   ⠩᪮  祬- த ᪨ ⥪⮢ 饭 -
ᠭ. ᭮ " ६"  64 ᠣࠬ, 뢠騥  ࠧ 
ᬨ᪮   ।⠢訥  ᥡ  ६  䨫᪨ ᨬ  -
ਠ  .   ᠣࠬ ⮨   ᯮ   -
 ਧ⠫ .  뢠  ⨯:  (-----), ࠪਧ騥 
ନ "",  "ᢥ⮢", "殮", "⪨"  뢨 (- - -), -
砥  "", "⥭",  "⫨", "ન".   樨  (1, 3, 5) 
 ﬨ ᢥ (),  - ﬨ  (). " ⥮ਨ " -
६"  ஢  ।⠢ ᮡ । 権, ந室饥  
⢨    ᢥ  ,  殮  ⫨"  (..檨 "-
⠩᪠ ᪠  " ६", ., 1960, . 22),     ⠪ 権 
ᨬ᪨ ࠦ     ᠣࠬ.  ᫨ "ᢥ⮢"    室  
"ᢥ⮢" 樨  "⥭" -  "⥭", ⠪ ᯮ 뢠 "㬥-
⭮ "  筮 ᬠਢ  ⭮  - ᨫ ᢥ   ᨫ  
  ᢮ .  ਢ 奬, ᮮ⢥騥  㬥⭮ 
        㬥⭮      . ஬ ⮣,  ꥤ  㯯,   
  ᢮ ᫮ 㧪.    孨  ࠪਧ 譥, 
㯫, ࠧ襭,   - ७, 㯫, ᮧ.    
易  ६ ᬨ᪨ ⥭ﬨ:    ࠪਧ , । - 
,   - 祫.   ᢮ ᨬ     ⤥ -
権. ਢ  ᨬ  ⢠, ⥫ 祫  ⥫ ⭮:

            ⢮          ⥫ 祫         ⥫ ⭮

      6      ᮢ襭 祫                          
      5                                            । 
      4          ਤ             㫮       ।  㫮
      3           쬮                           㫮
      2           㦨                              
      1          ⮫             㯭                  墮

    祭 ਢ   ᠣࠬ  ᮮ⢥騥  ⥫쫭 ᨬ-
, ⭮騥   ᥩ ᠣ  楫,       :

       (⢮)   砫쭮 ᮢ襭, ⭠ ⮩
1.  砫 ⪠
   訩 ࠪ
    !
2. ⪠ 
   訩 ࠪ 室  
   ⭮ ᢨ   祫
3. ⪠ 
   த 祫   ⥫; ஬  ᬮ⥫
   筮  ᭮
     㤥!
4. ⪠ ⢥
   筮 릮  
     㤥!
5. ⪠ 
   騩 ࠪ 室  
   ⭮ ᢨ   祫.
6.  ⪠
   न訩 ࠪ
   㤥 ᪠ﭨ !

   ஬ ⠪ ⥪,    ᠣࠬ  ਫ ࠧ ਩,
騩  .
      砩 ⠭   "槨" ⠪ :   ⮩,   ࠧ , 
襩  ॢ⠩᪮  , ।쭮 ⫨ ⫥ ᭮-
  㬥஫, 稭饩    ,      祫  
᪨  ᫮ ୮⥩.
   த ࠧ   ⠭ ॢ⠩᪮ 諥,  ⨬ -
   ⨭㠫쭮.  ᥮饩 裡  ⠫  ।⠢ 
 ⭮ ,    न쭮 ⫨稥 ஢   ()  ⮬ 
 ⮨  ⮬,    "" 室      ନ ,   
 ନ,  -  "⨭㠫쭠 ࠧ " ("६ -
- ᫥: 㪠  ࠤ樮 ⠥", ., 1987, . 33).   
⠩᪮ 㪨   ⥮  ࢮ (  I .) ᭥ ᪨ ਫ. 
 砩,  । 䨧᪨ 樯 襥 ࠧ⨥  ॢ ⠥, -
稫 ⨪, ⨪  ⥮ ⨧.
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